This study investigated the regulatory effects of carvacrol on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced inflammatory response and endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress in bovine mammary epithe-lial cells using in vitro cell culture techniques.Western blot analysis revealed significantly elevated expression levels of NF-κB pathway-related proteins and ER stress marker proteins in mastitis samples compared to healthy mammary tissues(P＜0.05).Cells were divided into a blank control group and carvacrol(CAV)treatment groups with varying concentrations(50,100,250,500,750,1 000 μmol/L).After 24 hours of culture,cell proliferation was assessed using the CCK-8 assay.An inflammatory model was established by stimulating MAC-T cells(a bovine mammary epithelial cell line)with LPS(10 mg/L)for 12 h,followed by measurement of the transcriptional levels of inflammatory-related genes(IL-6,IL-1β,and TNFα).MAC-T cells were pretreated with low,medi-um,and high doses of CAV for 12 h before LPS stimulation.Molecular docking analysis was per-formed to examine the interaction between CAV and GRP78,a key ER stress protein.Real-time quantitative PCR(qPCR)was used to analyze the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cyto-kines(IL-6,IL-1β,TNFα),while Western blot was employed to assess the expression levels of NF-κB pathway proteins(p-IκB,p-NF-κB p65)and ER stress-related proteins(p-PERK,p-IRE1α,ATF6,GRP78,CHOP).The results from Western blot and qPCR demonstrated that CAV alleviated LPS-induced inflammatory response and cellular damage by inhibiting the NF-κB signa-ling pathway and ER stress.

In recent years,the intensification of dairy farming has significantly improved production efficiency but has also led to a rise in the incidence of metabolic diseases.Conditions such as keto-sis,fatty liver,and hypocalcemia pose serious threats to dairy cattle health and productivity.These diseases not only profoundly affect individual physiological function but also impose considerable economic pressures and challenges on farm management.As research advances,exosomes have e-merged as a novel intercellular signaling molecule,showing unique potential in regulating dairy cattle's nutritional metabolism.Studies suggest that exosomes hold promise as biomarkers for dis-ease and can even serve as carriers for disease detection and prevention.Acting as a crucial mediator of intercellular communication,exosomes play an important role in modulating the metabolic processes of dairy cattle.This review aims to systematically explore the role of exosomes in bovine nutritional metabolism and to provide new perspectives and theoretical support for their potential as tools for diagnosing,treating,and preventing metabolic diseases in dairy cattle,thus advancing research and practice in this field.

In recent years,the intensification of dairy farming has significantly improved production efficiency but has also led to a rise in the incidence of metabolic diseases.Conditions such as keto-sis,fatty liver,and hypocalcemia pose serious threats to dairy cattle health and productivity.These diseases not only profoundly affect individual physiological function but also impose considerable economic pressures and challenges on farm management.As research advances,exosomes have e-merged as a novel intercellular signaling molecule,showing unique potential in regulating dairy cattle's nutritional metabolism.Studies suggest that exosomes hold promise as biomarkers for dis-ease and can even serve as carriers for disease detection and prevention.Acting as a crucial mediator of intercellular communication,exosomes play an important role in modulating the metabolic processes of dairy cattle.This review aims to systematically explore the role of exosomes in bovine nutritional metabolism and to provide new perspectives and theoretical support for their potential as tools for diagnosing,treating,and preventing metabolic diseases in dairy cattle,thus advancing research and practice in this field.

This study investigated the regulatory effects of carvacrol on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced inflammatory response and endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress in bovine mammary epithe-lial cells using in vitro cell culture techniques.Western blot analysis revealed significantly elevated expression levels of NF-κB pathway-related proteins and ER stress marker proteins in mastitis samples compared to healthy mammary tissues(P＜0.05).Cells were divided into a blank control group and carvacrol(CAV)treatment groups with varying concentrations(50,100,250,500,750,1 000 μmol/L).After 24 hours of culture,cell proliferation was assessed using the CCK-8 assay.An inflammatory model was established by stimulating MAC-T cells(a bovine mammary epithelial cell line)with LPS(10 mg/L)for 12 h,followed by measurement of the transcriptional levels of inflammatory-related genes(IL-6,IL-1β,and TNFα).MAC-T cells were pretreated with low,medi-um,and high doses of CAV for 12 h before LPS stimulation.Molecular docking analysis was per-formed to examine the interaction between CAV and GRP78,a key ER stress protein.Real-time quantitative PCR(qPCR)was used to analyze the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cyto-kines(IL-6,IL-1β,TNFα),while Western blot was employed to assess the expression levels of NF-κB pathway proteins(p-IκB,p-NF-κB p65)and ER stress-related proteins(p-PERK,p-IRE1α,ATF6,GRP78,CHOP).The results from Western blot and qPCR demonstrated that CAV alleviated LPS-induced inflammatory response and cellular damage by inhibiting the NF-κB signa-ling pathway and ER stress.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in the treatment of patients with moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 30 treatment-naïve patients with confirmed COVID-19 after informed consent at Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center. The patients were randomized 1：1 to HCQ group and the control group. Patients in HCQ group were given HCQ 400 mg per day for 5 days plus conventional treatments, while those in the control group were given conventional treatment only. The primary endpoint was negative conversion rate of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid in respiratory pharyngeal swab on days 7 after randomization. This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and registered online (NCT04261517). RESULTS: One patient in HCQ group developed to severe during the treatment. On day 7, nucleic acid of throat swabs was negative in 13 (86.7%) cases in the HCQ group and 14 (93.3%) cases in the control group (>0.05). The median duration from hospitalization to virus nucleic acid negative conservation was 4 (1,9) days in HCQ group, which is comparable to that in the control group [2 (1,4) days, Z=1.27, >0.05]. The median time for body temperature normalization in HCQ group was 1 (0,2) day after hospitalization, which was also comparable to that in the control group [1 (0,3) day]. Radiological progression was shown on CT images in 5 cases (33.3%) of the HCQ group and 7 cases (46.7%) of the control group, and all patients showed improvement in follow-up examinations. Four cases (26.7%) of the HCQ group and 3 cases (20%) of the control group had transient diarrhea and abnormal liver function (>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The prognosis of COVID-19 moderate patients is good. Larger sample size study are needed to investigate the effects of HCQ in the treatment of COVID-19. Subsequent research should determine better endpoint and fully consider the feasibility of experiments such as sample size.
Betacoronavirus ; isolation & purification ; China ; Coronavirus Infections ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Hydroxychloroquine ; therapeutic use ; Pandemics ; Pilot Projects ; Pneumonia, Viral ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy ; RNA, Viral ; isolation & purification ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To evaluate the relationship between long non-coding RNAs (LncRNA) in tumor tissues and clinico-pathological features of hepatocllular carcinoma (HCC).Methods Using hepatocellular carcinoma gene database GSE36376,we conducted a study on eight LncRNAs which are associated with liver diseases and analyzed the correlation between these LncRNAs and HCC clinico-pathological characteristics.We also evaluated the potential effect of LncRNAs on HCC development.Results H19 was overexpressed in non-tumorous tissues of HCC (P ＜ 0.05),while MEG3,HOXA13,KCNQ1OT1 were all upregulated in tumorous tissues (all P ＜ 0.05).HULC level in HCC tumorous tissues was negatively correlated with AJCC staging,BCLC staging and tumor size (all P ＜ 0.05).UCA1 was positively correlated with BCLC staging (r =0.135,P ＜ 0.05).Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic analyses showed that UCA1 was a risk factor of intrahepatic metastasis of HCC (OR =6.054,95％ CI =1.429 ～ 25.642,P ＜ 0.05); in contrast,HULC overexpression in tumorous tissues played a positive role in HCC tumor size (OR=0.805,95％CI=0.678 ～0.956,P＜0.05).Conclusion HULC in tumorous tissues suppressed HCC proliferation,while UCA1 was a risk factor of HCC aggressiveness.

Objective This study aimed to analyze the clinical features of novel H7N9 avian influenza virus infection in human and its prognosis after integrative treatment.Methods Eighteen H7N9 infected patients were admitted to Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center from 5 April 2013 to 19 April 2013,and were divided into mild group (8 cases) and severe group (10 cases) based on their baseline disease conditions.Patients in mild group were administered modified Yinqiao powder and Shengjiang powder,while patients in severe group were administered modified Qinwen Baidu Decoction or Xuanbai Chengqi Decoction,in addition to antiviral,anti infection,glucocorticoids and human immunoglobulin treatment in both groups.Baseline characteristics and outcomes of these patients were analyzed,and factors associated with prognosis were also evaluated.Measurement data were compared by t test or rank sum test,categorical variables were compared by chi square test or Fisher exact test.Factors associated with prognosis were evaluated by Logistic regression analysis.Results Compared to mild group,patients in severe group suffered from a significantly elevated C reactive protein [(102.61± 30.80) mg/L vs (38.44± 22.31) mg/L; t=4.717,P＜0.01],and significantly lowered CD3+,CD4+,CD8+ and CD45+T cell levels (all P＜0.05).Compared to regimens with glucocorticoids and human immunoglobulin,traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) contained therapy achieved a higher recovery rate in H7N9 infected patients,but with no statistical significance (P＞0.05).Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that myoglobin might be a risk factor associated with prognosis of H7N9 infection (P =0.029),and rnultivariable analysis showed that high levels of myoglobin might be negatively related to the prognosis of H7N9-infected patients,But with no statistical significance (P＝0.053).Conclusions Severe H7N9-infected patients suffer from active inflammation and lowered T cell mediated immune response.Integrative therapy is effective for novel H7N9 avian influenza virus infection,and helps to improve the outcomes of infected patients.