Colorectal cancer （CRC） ranks as the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Although preventive colonoscopy screening has improved the survival rate of CRC patients in the past few years， there are still many patients diagnosed after symptoms appear. The surgery for CRC carries high risks and high recurrence， and ideal therapies remain to be developed. The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription （JAK/STAT） signaling pathway has become a focus of research due to its central role in cellular activities. As a classic oncogenic pathway， the JAK/STAT signaling pathway offers new possibilities for diagnosing and treating various malignancies， and it paves a new way for developing therapies for CRC. This pathway not only participates in basic cellular processes， such as proliferation， differentiation， and apoptosis but also plays a crucial role in immune responses and inflammation. Abnormal activation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway is closely related to the occurrence and development of CRC. Studies have shown that the active components and compound prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） can inhibit the proliferation， invasion， migration， and angiogenesis while promoting the apoptosis and autophagy of CRC cells by interfering with the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Furthermore， this pathway may also play a role in regulating the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapy and radiotherapy， thus influencing the effectiveness of tumor treatment and impeding the progression of CRC. In recent years， research results have been updated rapidly， and previous literature summaries have failed to incorporate the latest findings， creating obstacles to accessing current literature. Therefore， this article supplements and summarizes information from the definition of the JAK/STAT pathway， association of this pathway with CRC， and TCM intervention of CRC. This review aims to provide references for future development of molecular biology regarding CRC and the research and development of new drugs.

Ischemic stroke (IS) is a globally life-threatening disease. Presently, few therapeutic medicines are available for treating IS, and rt-PA is the only drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the US. In fact, many agents showing excellent neuroprotection but no blood flow-improving activity in animals have not achieved ideal clinical efficacy, while thrombolytic drugs only improving blood flow without neuroprotection have limited their wider application. To address these challenges and meet the huge unmet clinical need, we have designed and identified a novel compound AAPB with dual effects of neuroprotection and cerebral blood flow improvement. AAPB significantly reduced cerebral infarction and neural function deficit in tMCAO rats, pMCAO rats, and IS rhesus monkeys, as well as displayed exceptional safety profiles and excellent pharmacokinetic properties in rats and dogs. AAPB has now entered phase I of clinical trials fighting IS in China.

Objective To obtain the monitoring measurement range of quality indicators of red blood cells,plasma and derivatives and leukocyte-reduced apheresis platelets provided by blood stations in Hebei province,explore the distribution of monitoring values and the change of monitoring level,so as to further strengthen the homogenization construction of quality control laboratories in blood stations in Hebei.Methods In 2023,the sampling data of 12 blood stations in Hebei from 2015 to 2022 were collected,scatter plots were made and the range markers were set,and the"mean±SD"line was taken as the upper limit and lower limit of the measurement range.In 2024,the monitoring values in 2023 were added,and the changes of two measurement ranges were compared to analyze the stability and overall level.Results Comparison of the measurement range from 2015 to 2022 and the measurement range from 2015 to 2023 showed that the standard deviation of the content of deleukocyte suspension of red blood cells-hemoglobin,washed erythrocyte-hemoglobin,washed erythrocyte-su-pernatant protein,cryoprecipitate coagulation factor-FⅧ,fresh frozen plasma-FⅧ,leukocyte-reduced apheresis platelets-leukocyte residue and leukocyte-reduced apheresis platelet-red blood cell concentration decreased from 8.132 to 7.993,6.252 to 6.104,0.273 to 0.267,57.506 to 56.276,0.920 to 0.892,0.653 to 0.644 and 2.653 to 2.603,respectively.The narrowing of the standard deviation range of the above items led to more concentrated monitoring values and reduced disper-sion.Comparison of the measurement range from 2015 to 2022 and the measurement range from 2015 to 2023 showed that the mean value of leukocyte residue of the deleukocyte suspension of red blood cells,hemoglobin content of the wash eryth-rocyte,protein content of supernatant of the wash erythrocyte,hemolysis rate of the wash erythrocyte,FⅧ content of the cryoprecipitate coagulation factor,plasma protein content of the fresh frozen plasma,FⅧ content of the fresh frozen plasma,platelet content of the leukocyte-reduced apheresis platelets changed from 0.362 to 0.476,44.915 to 44.861,0.280 to 0.283,0.137 to 0.142,133.989 to 133.271,60.262 to 60.208,1.301 to 1.277 and 3.036 to 3.033,respectively,and was closer to the national standard line,which reflects an increase in the number of unqualified monitoring values or values close to the national standard line in 2023.The long-term qualified rate of coagulation items was low,and no improvement has been ob-served.The stability of biochemical items has been enhanced but overall deviation has occurred,with the average value close to the national standard line.The possibility of subsequent testing failure has increased.The counting items showed no obvi-ous common characteristics.Conclusion The use of"mean±SD"in the analysis can visually display the distribution of mo-nitoring values of different items in Hebei,forming an indicator measurement range covering the past nine years.It shows the characteristics of each item,and provides reference for subsequent quality control laboratory data analysis of each blood sta-tions to takes active measures to improve the monitoring level.

Objective:To investigate the clinical application effect of enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS) in the perioperative period of primary repair for children with hypospadias.Methods:Non-randomized controlled study.Retrospective analysis was made on clinical data of 206 children with hypospadias admitted to the Department of Urology, Shanxi Children′s Hospital from March 2018 to March 2022.According to whether the concept of ERAS was adopted for perioperative management of children, they were divided into the ERAS group(109 cases) and the non-ERAS group(97 cases). t-test and Chi-square test were used to analyze the differences between the two groups of patients in hospitalization days, hospitalization costs, pain scores on the first day after surgery, average number of bowel movements within 5 days after surgery, first out-of-bed activity time, hospital satisfaction score, and complication rate. Results:Pediatric patients in the ERAS group showed better outcomes compared to the non-ERAS group: shorter hospital stays[(7.71±1.12) d vs.(21.00±1.07) d], lower hospitalization costs[(10 043.21±1 341.00) yuan vs.(12 993.44±1 081.00) yuan], lower postoperative pain scores on the first day[(5.21±1.32) points vs.(6.09±1.07) points], more frequent bowel movements within 5 days[(5.16±0.65) times vs.(2.91±0.48) times], earlier time to first out-of-bed activity[(5.03±0.61) d vs.(7.12±0.57) d], and higher hospital satisfaction scores[(4.71±0.21) points vs.(4.14±0.15) points], and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).Additionally, the ERAS group had lower rates of fever(6.42%, 7/109) and constipation(3.67%, 4/109) before urinary catheter removal compared to the non-ERAS group[21.64%(21/97) and 28.87%(28/97), respectively](all P<0.05).There were no significant differences in the incidences of complications such as urethral prolapse, infection, delayed wound healing, and bleeding, as well as urethral stricture, urethral fistula, and urethral diverticulum after urinary catheter removal between the two groups(all P>0.05). Conclusions:ERAS protocol applied in the perioperative period of primary repair for children with hypospadias can shorten the hospitalization time, lower the hospitalization costs, and accelerate the rehabilitation of children.It is worth further promotion.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the changes in vasopressin(VP)level and disease severity and prognosis in patients with septic shock(SS).Methods A total of 96 patients with SS in the hospital from December 2021 to December 2022 were selected as the study group,and 95 healthy volun-teers in the hospital during the same period were selected as the control group.The plasma VP levels of the two groups were compared,and their correlation with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS)score,a-cute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ)score,serum C-reactive protein(CRP),and procalcitonin(PCT)levels were analyzed.The study group received shock treatment,and was divided into a good prognosis group and a poor prognosis group based on the prognosis after 28 days of hospitalization.The clinical data of the two groups were compared.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors affecting poor prognosis.A new prediction scheme and a conventional prediction scheme were con-structed,and the predictive efficacy of different prediction schemes was evaluated using area under the curve(AUC),net reclassification index and comprehensive discrimination improvement index.Results Compared with the control group,the plasma VP level in the study group was significantly decreased,and MODS score,APACHE Ⅱ score,the levels of serum CRP and PCT were significantly increased,with statistical significance(P＜0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that plasma VP level was negatively correlated with MODS score,APACHE Ⅱ score,serum CRP and PCT level(r=-0.426,-0.519,-0.483,-0.395,P＜0.05).The proportion of diabetes mellitus,acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS),acute kidney injury(AKI),MODS score,APACHE Ⅱ score,serum CRP and PCT levels in the poor prognosis group were higher than those in the good prognosis group,while the plasma VP level was lower than that in the good prognosis group,with statistical significance(P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that concurrent ARDS,concurrent AKI,plasma VP,MODS score,APACHE Ⅱ score,serum CRP and PCT were all influential factors for poor prognosis of SS patients(P＜0.05).The AUC of plasma VP predicting poor prognosis of SS patients was 0.752,and the AUC of the new prediction scheme predicting poor prognosis of SS patients was greater than that of the conventional prediction scheme predicting poor prognosis of SS patients(P＜0.05).Conclu-sion Plasma VP level decrease in SS patients and closely relate to the severity of the condition.Based on the results of Logistic regression analysis,the new predictive model is established,which has certain predictive value for poor prognosis.

Objective To investigate the correlation between atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and the severity of hypertriglyceridemic acute pancreatitis (HTG-AP) and the value of AIP combined with Bedside Index for Severity in Acute Pancreatitis (BISAP) score in the early prediction of severe HTG-AP (sHTG-AP). Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 170 patients with HTG-AP who were hospitalized in The General Hospital of Central Theater Command from January 2017 to December 2021, and according to related guidelines, they were divided into the sHTG-AP group with 28 patients and non-sHTG-AP group with 142 patients. Peripheral blood samples were collected from all patients within 24 hours after admission, and the two groups were compared in terms of sex, age, laboratory test results, AIP, BISAP score, and modified CT severity index (MCTSI) score. The chi-square test or the Fisher's exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups; the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data between groups. The Spearman rank correlation test was used to investigate the correlation between each factor and the severity of HTG-AP, and the binary logistic regression analysis were used to investigate the independent risk factors for sHTG-AP. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to assess the predictive efficacy of each indicator. Results There were significant differences between the two groups in the medical history of diabetes, lymphocyte count, albumin, Ca 2+ , triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, AIP, BISAP score, MCTSI score, length of hospital stay, and hospital costs (all P < 0.05). The sHTG-AP group had a longer length of hospital stay, higher hospital costs, and a higher AIP value. AIP (odds ratio [ OR ]=1.244, 95% confidence interval [ CI ]: 1.062-1.458, P =0.007), BISAP score ( OR =5.525, 95% CI : 1.646-18.543, P =0.006), and MCTSI score ( OR =2.029, 95% CI : 1.245-3.305, P =0.004) were risk factors for sHTG-AP. AIP, BISAP score, and MCTSI score were positively correlated with the severity of HTG-AP ( r =0.291, 0.631, and 0.649, all P < 0.001), and AIP was positively correlated with BISAP score and MCTSI score ( r =0.190 and 0.215, both P < 0.05). AIP had an optimal cut-off value of 1.095 in predicting sHTG-AP, and AIP, BISAP score, and AIP combined with BISAP score had an area under the ROC curve of 0.759, 0.887, 0.925, respectively, a sensitivity of 0.821, 0.857, and 0.786, respectively, and a specificity of 0.627, 0.817, and 0.937, respectively (all P < 0.001). Conclusion AIP is a risk factor for sHTG-AP and is correlated with disease severity, and AIP combined with BISAP score has a relatively high value in the early prediction of sHTG-AP.

Bone regeneration remains a great clinical challenge. Low intensity near-infrared (NIR) light showed strong potential to promote tissue regeneration, offering a promising strategy for bone defect regeneration. However, the effect and underlying mechanism of NIR on bone regeneration remain unclear. We demonstrated that bone regeneration in the rat skull defect model was significantly accelerated with low-intensity NIR stimulation. In vitro studies showed that NIR stimulation could promote the osteoblast differentiation in bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and MC3T3-E1 cells, which was associated with increased ubiquitination of the core circadian clock protein Cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) in the nucleus. We found that the reduction of CRY1 induced by NIR light activated the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathways, promoting SMAD1/5/9 phosphorylation and increasing the expression levels of Runx2 and Osterix. NIR light treatment may act through sodium voltage-gated channel Scn4a, which may be a potential responder of NIR light to accelerate bone regeneration. Together, these findings suggest that low-intensity NIR light may promote in situ bone regeneration in a CRY1-dependent manner, providing a novel, efficient and non-invasive strategy to promote bone regeneration for clinical bone defects.
Animals ; Rats ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2/metabolism* ; Bone Regeneration ; Cell Differentiation ; Circadian Clocks ; Cryptochromes/metabolism* ; Osteoblasts/metabolism* ; Osteogenesis ; Transcription Factors/metabolism*

Psychophysiology

【Objective】 To perform quantitative analysis on the sample provincial laws and regulations for voluntary blood donation, and provide reference for further revision of laws and regulations. 【Methods】 31 study samples were current provincial laws and regulations for voluntary blood donation that can be collected from open sources. The issue date and the revision date of each sample were recorded. With "The Blood Donation Law of the People’s Republic of China" as reference, 5 categories were formed and additional clauses in samples were coded and rated following content analysis procedures. Sample provinces were divided into two groups based on donation rate and their differences in evaluation scores of categories were examined using rank sum test. 【Results】 Until December, 2021, 31 sample provinces had issued and implemented provincial laws and regulation for voluntary blood donation, and 14 of which had been revised. Many detailed clauses (total score 9.32±3.09) were added in sample provincial laws and regulations, more clauses were added in the categories of 'related government agencies and their responsibilities’, 'management of clinical blood use’ and 'rewards and punishment’. Sample provinces were divided into two groups according to the donation rate per 1 000 people recommended by World Health Organization(10‰). Compared to lower donation rate group, the total score and sub score in the categories of 'basic principles’, 'management of blood collection and supply’ were significantly higher in higher donation rate group. 【Conclusion】 In revision and improvement of provincial laws and regulations, 'basic principles’ and 'management of blood collection and supply’ could be considered. This assay mainly tries to provide a new research perspective and perform quantitative analysis on content of sample provincial laws and regulation for voluntary blood donation, the actual effect of the results in this study need longer time to be examined, and we will keep following its new advances.

Many people affected by fragile X syndrome (FXS) and autism spectrum disorders have sensory processing deficits, such as hypersensitivity to auditory, tactile, and visual stimuli. Like FXS in humans, loss of Fmr1 in rodents also cause sensory, behavioral, and cognitive deficits. However, the neural mechanisms underlying sensory impairment, especially vision impairment, remain unclear. It remains elusive whether the visual processing deficits originate from corrupted inputs, impaired perception in the primary sensory cortex, or altered integration in the higher cortex, and there is no effective treatment. In this study, we used a genetic knockout mouse model (Fmr1^KO), in vivo imaging, and behavioral measurements to show that the loss of Fmr1 impaired signal processing in the primary visual cortex (V1). Specifically, Fmr1^KO mice showed enhanced responses to low-intensity stimuli but normal responses to high-intensity stimuli. This abnormality was accompanied by enhancements in local network connectivity in V1 microcircuits and increased dendritic complexity of V1 neurons. These effects were ameliorated by the acute application of GABA_A receptor activators, which enhanced the activity of inhibitory neurons, or by reintroducing Fmr1 gene expression in knockout V1 neurons in both juvenile and young-adult mice. Overall, V1 plays an important role in the visual abnormalities of Fmr1^KO mice and it could be possible to rescue the sensory disturbances in developed FXS and autism patients.
Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein/metabolism* ; Fragile X Syndrome/metabolism* ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Neurons/metabolism*