AIM:To perform a multidimensional analysis of the clinical study characteristics of endo-metriosis based on the ClinicalTrials.gov,providing comprehensive and objective information for re-searchers,clinicians,and clinical pharmacists.METHODS:A thorough investigation was conduct-ed on clinical trials related to endometriosis,regis-tered on the ClinicalTrials.gov from its inception to October 20,2023.Relevant trial data were extract-ed and statistically analyzed using bibliometrics and comparative research methods.RESULTS:A to-tal of 667 endometriosis clinical studies were regis-tered globally,showing an annual increase.The United States(127 trials),France(70 trials),and Ita-ly(57 trials)had the highest number of registered trials.Interventional studies were predominant(416 trials,62.4%),followed by observational stud-ies(251 trials,37.6%).Within interventional stud-ies,drug therapy was the primary intervention(223 trials,53.6%).Despite endometriosis being a female condition,male subjects were also consid-ered,with 6 trials specifically requiring male partici-pants and 37 trials not restricting gender.Compa-nies/corporations were the main funding sources,while public and governmental organizations pro-vided relatively less funding.CONCLUSION:Clinical trial research on endometriosis is in a phase of growth,with drug therapy being the main treat-ment approach.However,there is a relative lack of investment and attention from public funds and governmental organizations.

AIM:To evaluate the clinical effective-ness and safety of generic and branded dienogest in the treatment of endometriosis.so as to provide the basis for clinical use of dienogest.MEHTODS:The data of patients admitted to Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from August 2022 to August 2023 who received dienogest(2 mg/d,orally,for 6 months)for treatment of endometrio-sis were collected.The clinical efficacy and adverse reactions of generic drugs and original drugs in the treatment of endometriosis-related pain were com-pared through follow-up surveys of the two groups of patients at 3 months and 6 months respectively.RESULTS:There was highly significant reduction in pelvic pain in both groups with mean of similar in generic group(34.0±3.0)mm and branded group(34.5±3.9)mm.The most frequent drug-related ad-verse effects in generic dienogest was vaginal bleeding(93%)which was no statistical difference with branded dienogest(90%).CONCLUSION:The generic and branded dienogest have the same clini-cal effectiveness and similar safety.

Endometriosis is a chronic,relapsing disease that requires long-term management.Ado-lescent endometriosis is a group that can be ig-nored,and the drug treatment is an important method for long-term management and fertility preservation.There are many kinds of drugs to treat endometriosis,such as NSAIDs,combined oral contraceptives(COC),progesterone,GnRHa.For the drug treatment selection,the characteris-tics of adolescents should be carefully considered and individualized treatment should be provided.In order to better long-term management,it is nec-essary to develop new treatments,which can effec-tively relieve endometriosis without damaging fer-tility.This review focuses on the drug treatment op-tions and research progress of basic drug treat-ment for adolescent endometriosis,so as to delay disease progression,reduce adverse reactions,pre-serve fertility,and improve quality of life.

Objective:Employing the cascade care model, this qualitative study explores determinants influencing the cascading care stages of hypertension and diabetes by interviewing various stakeholders.Methods:In July 2023, purposive sampling was employed to recruit participants from Gongyi and Wugang cities in Henan Province, and Linqu County in Weifang City, Shandong Province. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with representatives of policymakers, healthcare institution managers, providers, and patients with hypertension and diabetes.And thematic analysis was performed using both inductive and deductive approaches.Results:A total of 82 individuals were interviewed, with an age range of (53.8±12.0) years, among which 48 (58.5%) were male; including 5 policymakers, 10 institutional managers, 20 healthcare providers, and 47 patients with hypertension and diabetes. The study identified both barriers and facilitating factors at the patient, healthcare provider, and system levels across various stages: awareness, screening, diagnosis, treatment, long-term management, and control of hypertension and diabetes.Conclusion:By delineating and analyzing the barriers and facilitators at each stage of hypertension and diabetes care, this study lays the groundwork for the development of effective, feasible, and sustainable implementation pathways, with significant implications for the enhanced management of hypertension and diabetes in China.

Objective:Employing the cascade care model, this qualitative study explores determinants influencing the cascading care stages of hypertension and diabetes by interviewing various stakeholders.Methods:In July 2023, purposive sampling was employed to recruit participants from Gongyi and Wugang cities in Henan Province, and Linqu County in Weifang City, Shandong Province. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with representatives of policymakers, healthcare institution managers, providers, and patients with hypertension and diabetes.And thematic analysis was performed using both inductive and deductive approaches.Results:A total of 82 individuals were interviewed, with an age range of (53.8±12.0) years, among which 48 (58.5%) were male; including 5 policymakers, 10 institutional managers, 20 healthcare providers, and 47 patients with hypertension and diabetes. The study identified both barriers and facilitating factors at the patient, healthcare provider, and system levels across various stages: awareness, screening, diagnosis, treatment, long-term management, and control of hypertension and diabetes.Conclusion:By delineating and analyzing the barriers and facilitators at each stage of hypertension and diabetes care, this study lays the groundwork for the development of effective, feasible, and sustainable implementation pathways, with significant implications for the enhanced management of hypertension and diabetes in China.

Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of restylane volyme cross-linked sodium hyaluronate gel injection via dual-plane technique for cheek depression and mild to moderate skin laxity in the mid-lower face.Methods:The data of patients with cheek concavity accompanied by mild to moderate skin laxity in the mid-lower face treated at Jinan MeiAo Plastic Surgery Hospital from February 2023 to January 2024 were retrospectively collected. The treatment was injection of cross-linked sodium hyaluronate gel via double-plane technique, with needle insertion points located 1-2 cm anterior to the tragus. After insertion, a 23 G blunt needle was used to fanwise inject the subcutaneous fat (superficial layer) and the subcutaneous (deep layer) fat compartments in the concave area of the cheek, and a suitable amount of subcutaneous injection was administered below the zygomatic arch to soften the prominent zygomatic arch and achieve natural smoothness of the filling area. The total volume injected per side ranged from 1.5 to 3.5 ml. The patient’s skin condition was closely observed during the injection process, followed by gentle compression after injection. Patient images were collected preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, and at 6 months postoperatively. Blind evaluator used the facial laxity rating scale (FLRS) and medicis midface volume scale (MMVS) to evaluate the improvement in facial laxity and fullness. A higher rating/score of the scale indicates greater laxity or worse fullness of the face, and a decrease of 1 grade/point postoperatively compared to preoperative status was considered effective, while a decrease of ≥2 grades/points was considered significantly effective. Patients used the global aesthetic improvement scale (GAIS) to self-assess the improvement in facial appearance before and after treatment, with a maximum score of 5 points indicating the most noticeable improvement. Patient satisfaction and effect durability were investigated using a self-made satisfaction scale. The occurrence of patient complications was recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 statistical software, with measurement data expressed as Mean±SD, and paired t-tests used for comparison of GAIS scores immediately postoperatively and at 6 months postoperatively within the same patient. Categorical data were presented as cases (%). Results:A total of 80 female patients aged 30 to 50 years were included, all of whom were followed up for over 6 months. The FLRS grades showed that compared with preoperative status, all patients immediately postoperatively were rated as effective (69 cases, 86.3%) or significantly effective (11 cases, 13.8%). Compared with immediately postoperatively, 74 cases (92.5%) had no change in rating at 6 months postoperatively, while 6 cases (7.5%) experienced a 1-grade increase, indicating a slight reduction in treatment efficacy. The MMVS scores of the right and left facial sides of patients showed that compared with preoperative status, all patients immediately postoperatively achieved effective (right side: 55 cases, 68.8%; left side: 69 cases, 86.2%) or significantly effective (right side: 25 cases, 31.2%; left side: 11 cases, 13.8%) improvement in facial fullness. Compared with immediately postoperatively, at 6 months postoperatively, right side of 70 cases (87.5%) and left side of 77 cases (96.2%) had no change in grading, the other 12 patients (13 sides) increased by 1 point, indicating that the treatment effect was slightly weakened. All patients believed that their facial appearance improved after treatment, with GAIS scores of 4.5±0.5 immediately after treatment, while of 4.4±0.5 at 6 months postoperatively, the difference was not statistically significant ( t=1.08, P=0.280). The satisfaction rate (very satisfied+ satisfied) immediately postoperatively was 97.5% (78/80). Seventy-two (90.0%) cases expressed willingness to undergo secondary treatment. At 6 months post-treatment, the satisfaction rate (very satisfied+ satisfied) with treatment improvement and maintenance was 98.8% (79/80). Sixty-eight (85.0%) cases believed the treatment improvement effect could be maintained for about 6 months. One patient experienced mild redness and slight swelling in the injection area immediately postoperatively, which subsided after icing. No other obvious adverse reaction occurred. Conclusion:The use of double-plane technique injection of cross-linked sodium hyaluronate gel can safely and effectively improve cheek concavity, alleviate mild to moderate skin laxity in the mid-lower face, and maintain treatment efficacy for approximately 6 months.

Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of restylane volyme cross-linked sodium hyaluronate gel injection via dual-plane technique for cheek depression and mild to moderate skin laxity in the mid-lower face.Methods:The data of patients with cheek concavity accompanied by mild to moderate skin laxity in the mid-lower face treated at Jinan MeiAo Plastic Surgery Hospital from February 2023 to January 2024 were retrospectively collected. The treatment was injection of cross-linked sodium hyaluronate gel via double-plane technique, with needle insertion points located 1-2 cm anterior to the tragus. After insertion, a 23 G blunt needle was used to fanwise inject the subcutaneous fat (superficial layer) and the subcutaneous (deep layer) fat compartments in the concave area of the cheek, and a suitable amount of subcutaneous injection was administered below the zygomatic arch to soften the prominent zygomatic arch and achieve natural smoothness of the filling area. The total volume injected per side ranged from 1.5 to 3.5 ml. The patient’s skin condition was closely observed during the injection process, followed by gentle compression after injection. Patient images were collected preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, and at 6 months postoperatively. Blind evaluator used the facial laxity rating scale (FLRS) and medicis midface volume scale (MMVS) to evaluate the improvement in facial laxity and fullness. A higher rating/score of the scale indicates greater laxity or worse fullness of the face, and a decrease of 1 grade/point postoperatively compared to preoperative status was considered effective, while a decrease of ≥2 grades/points was considered significantly effective. Patients used the global aesthetic improvement scale (GAIS) to self-assess the improvement in facial appearance before and after treatment, with a maximum score of 5 points indicating the most noticeable improvement. Patient satisfaction and effect durability were investigated using a self-made satisfaction scale. The occurrence of patient complications was recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 statistical software, with measurement data expressed as Mean±SD, and paired t-tests used for comparison of GAIS scores immediately postoperatively and at 6 months postoperatively within the same patient. Categorical data were presented as cases (%). Results:A total of 80 female patients aged 30 to 50 years were included, all of whom were followed up for over 6 months. The FLRS grades showed that compared with preoperative status, all patients immediately postoperatively were rated as effective (69 cases, 86.3%) or significantly effective (11 cases, 13.8%). Compared with immediately postoperatively, 74 cases (92.5%) had no change in rating at 6 months postoperatively, while 6 cases (7.5%) experienced a 1-grade increase, indicating a slight reduction in treatment efficacy. The MMVS scores of the right and left facial sides of patients showed that compared with preoperative status, all patients immediately postoperatively achieved effective (right side: 55 cases, 68.8%; left side: 69 cases, 86.2%) or significantly effective (right side: 25 cases, 31.2%; left side: 11 cases, 13.8%) improvement in facial fullness. Compared with immediately postoperatively, at 6 months postoperatively, right side of 70 cases (87.5%) and left side of 77 cases (96.2%) had no change in grading, the other 12 patients (13 sides) increased by 1 point, indicating that the treatment effect was slightly weakened. All patients believed that their facial appearance improved after treatment, with GAIS scores of 4.5±0.5 immediately after treatment, while of 4.4±0.5 at 6 months postoperatively, the difference was not statistically significant ( t=1.08, P=0.280). The satisfaction rate (very satisfied+ satisfied) immediately postoperatively was 97.5% (78/80). Seventy-two (90.0%) cases expressed willingness to undergo secondary treatment. At 6 months post-treatment, the satisfaction rate (very satisfied+ satisfied) with treatment improvement and maintenance was 98.8% (79/80). Sixty-eight (85.0%) cases believed the treatment improvement effect could be maintained for about 6 months. One patient experienced mild redness and slight swelling in the injection area immediately postoperatively, which subsided after icing. No other obvious adverse reaction occurred. Conclusion:The use of double-plane technique injection of cross-linked sodium hyaluronate gel can safely and effectively improve cheek concavity, alleviate mild to moderate skin laxity in the mid-lower face, and maintain treatment efficacy for approximately 6 months.

This study explores the application effect of the case-based teaching method based on Xuexitong learning platform in the online teaching of Digestive System, and analyzes the learner's emotional experience, learning behavior, and learning effect in the case-based online teaching. The results of the study show that the case-based online teaching model based on Xuexitong learning platform improves students' online learning interest, and the students have good emotional experience, high learning enthusiasm, good classroom interaction, enhanced self-learning ability before and after class, and good learning effect. In addition, precise teaching can be used for individual students who are not enthusiastic about online learning.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of home visit based on empowerment education on psychotic symptoms， self-management ability and well-being of schizophrenia patients in home rehabilitation. MethodsA total of 87 cases of schizophrenia patients who met the diagnostic criteria of International Classification of Diseases， tenth edition （ICD-10） and were recovering at home in Caiba town， Yibin city from January to July 2021 were selected by random sampling method as research subjects. They were divided into experimental group （n=43） and control group （n=44） according to the random number table method. The two groups received routine family visits， and the experimental group received family visits based on empowerment education. The intervention cycle of the two groups was 6 months. Before and after the intervention， the severity of psychotic symptoms， self-management ability and well-being of the patients in the two groups were assessed with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale （BPRS）， the Schizophrenia Self-Management Instrument Scale （SSMIS） and the Index of Well-Being Scale （IWB）. ResultsAfter intervention， the intra group comparison showed that the BPRS score in the experimental group was lower than that before the intervention （t=4.550， P<0.01）， the SSMIS scores in both groups were higher than those before intervention （t=-17.107， -6.367， P<0.01）， and the IWB score in the experimental group was higher than that before intervention （t=-9.239， P<0.01）. The comparison between groups showed that the BPRS score of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group， and the SSMIS and IWB scores were higher than those of the control group （t=-3.899， 10.564， 9.690， P<0.01）. ConclusionThe implementation of family visit based on empowerment education may help to improve the psychotic symptoms of home rehabilitation schizophrenia， and improve their self-management ability and well-being.

Objective:To establish a nomogram model for predicting the risk of coronary artery disease in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods:The clinical data of elderly patients with AMI who underwent coronary angiography in the department of cardiology of Cangzhou Central Hospital from July 2015 to March 2020 were analyzed, including age, gender, smoking history, underlying diseases, family history, blood pressure, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and several biochemical indicators at admission, such as total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), lipoprotein [Lp(a)], apolipoproteins (ApoA, ApoB), ApoA/B ratio, total bilirubin (TBil), direct bilirubin (DBil), indirect bilirubin (IBil), fasting blood glucose (FBG) and uric acid (UA). Patients were divided into model group (2 484 cases) and validation group (683 cases) according to the ratio of 8∶2. According to Gensini score, the model group and validation group were divided into mild lesion group (0-20 points) and severe lesion group (≥81 points). The differences of each index between different coronary lesion degree groups were compared. Lasso regression and Logistic regression were used to analyze the risk factors of aggravating coronary lesion risk in elderly patients with AMI, and then the nomogram prediction model was established for evaluation and external validation.Results:① In the model group, there were significant differences in the family history of coronary heart disease, FBG and HDL-C between the mild lesion group (411 cases) and the severe lesion group (417 cases) [family history of coronary heart disease: 3.6% vs. 7.7%, FBG (mmol/L): 5.88±1.74 vs. 6.43±2.06, HDL-C (mmol/L): 1.48±0.69 vs. 1.28±0.28, all P < 0.05]. In the validation group, there were significant differences between the mild lesion group (153 cases) and the severe lesion group [132 cases; FBG (mmol/L): 5.58±0.88 vs. 6.85±0.79, HDL-C (mmol/L): 1.59±0.32 vs. 1.16±0.21, both P < 0.05]. ② Lasso regression analysis showed that family history of coronary heart disease, FBG, and HDL-C were risk factors of coronary artery disease in elderly patients with AMI, with coefficients 0.118, 0.767, and -0.558, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that FBG [odds ratio ( OR) = 1.479, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 1.051-2.082, P = 0.025] and HDL-C ( OR = 0.386, 95% CI was 0.270-0.553, P < 0.001] were independent risk factors of coronary artery disease in elderly patients with AMI. ③ According to the rank score of FBG and HDL-C, the nomogram prediction risk model of aggravating coronary artery disease degree was established for each patient. It was concluded that the risk of coronary artery disease in elderly people with higher FBG level and (or) lower HDL-C level was significantly increased. ④ The nomogram model constructed with the model group data predicted the risk concordance index (C-index) was 0.689, and the C-index of the external validation group was 0.709. Conclusions:FBG and HDL-C are independent risk factors for aggravating coronary artery disease in elderly patients with AMI. The nomogram model of aggravating coronary artery disease in elderly patients with AMI has good predictive ability, which can provide more intuitive research methods and clinical value for preventing the aggravation of coronary artery disease in elderly patients.