Objective To explore the diagnosis,treatment and prognostic factors of urachal carcinoma(UrC),aiming to provide reference for the standardized diagnosis and treatment of this disease.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 75 UrC patients confirmed with postoperative pathology treated in our hospital during Mar.2010 and Mar.2023.All patients underwent surgical treatment,and 35 received postoperative chemotherapy.Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify independent prognostic factors.Kaplan-Meier curves were adopted to calculate the cumulative survival rates and overall survival(OS).Results Among the 75 patients,the male to female ratio was 2.8∶1 and the mean age was(58.4±2.2)years.Median follow-up was 60 months and median OS was 48 months.The 3-year survival rate was 67.3％and the 5-year survival rate was 38.8％.There were 19 cases(25.3％)of CK7 positive,60 cases(80.0％)of Sheldon stage Ⅲ and above,and 26 cases(34.7％)of postoperative recurrence.CK7 positive(P=0.001),Sheldon staging Ⅲ+Ⅳ(P=0.005)and postoperative recurrence(P=0.003)were independent prognostic factors.Conclusion Urachal carcinoma is a rare malignant tumor in males with occult onset.CK7 positive,Sheldon staging and postoperative recurrence were independent prognostic factors of this disease.

Objective To explore the diagnosis,treatment and prognostic factors of urachal carcinoma(UrC),aiming to provide reference for the standardized diagnosis and treatment of this disease.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 75 UrC patients confirmed with postoperative pathology treated in our hospital during Mar.2010 and Mar.2023.All patients underwent surgical treatment,and 35 received postoperative chemotherapy.Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify independent prognostic factors.Kaplan-Meier curves were adopted to calculate the cumulative survival rates and overall survival(OS).Results Among the 75 patients,the male to female ratio was 2.8∶1 and the mean age was(58.4±2.2)years.Median follow-up was 60 months and median OS was 48 months.The 3-year survival rate was 67.3％and the 5-year survival rate was 38.8％.There were 19 cases(25.3％)of CK7 positive,60 cases(80.0％)of Sheldon stage Ⅲ and above,and 26 cases(34.7％)of postoperative recurrence.CK7 positive(P=0.001),Sheldon staging Ⅲ+Ⅳ(P=0.005)and postoperative recurrence(P=0.003)were independent prognostic factors.Conclusion Urachal carcinoma is a rare malignant tumor in males with occult onset.CK7 positive,Sheldon staging and postoperative recurrence were independent prognostic factors of this disease.

Animals ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Macaca mulatta ; COVID-19/prevention & control* ; Antibodies, Viral ; Vaccines

Diabetic keratopathy (DK) is a common ocular complication of diabetes.Long-term hyperglycemia impairs many structures of the cornea, leading to corneal opacity and visual dysfunction.A large number of researches focus on the epithelium and nerve abnormities in DK, but the pathogenesis is not completely elucidated.Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells, linking innate and adaptive immunity, participating in the occurrence and development of diabetes and its complications.To date, there are many myths in relationship between DCs and DK to be solved, and there are a few researches that investigate the relation between DCs and the occurrence and development of diabetes.In this article, the pathogenesis and pathogenic changes of DK, the types and functions of different DCs, the relationship between DCs and chronic inflammation and delayed healing of corneal epithelium in DK, as well as the role of DCs in corneal neuropathy were reviewed in order to provide some references for further investigations about the pathogenesis and treatment of DK.

Post-traumatic tetanus is the main type of non-neonatal tetanus.To reduce the incidence and mortality rateof tetanus and guide the primary medical institutions to prevent and control tetanus after trauma,the National Immunization Planning Technical Working Group of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention has compiled this document in the reference with Position Paper by World Health Organization,and the latest research progress both at home and abroad.The guidelines focus on the basic procedures for the prevention and treatment of post-traumatic tetanus,the application of tetanus vaccines and immune preparation,and pre-exposure immunization in high-risk populations of trauma.

Objective:Surgical site infection (SSI) is the most common infectious complication after emergency abdominal surgery (EAS). To a large extent, most SSI can be prevented, but there are few relevant studies in China. This study mainly investigated the current situation of SSI occurrence after EAS in China, and further explored risk factors for SSI occurrence.Methods:Multi-center cross-sectional study was conducted. Clinical data of patients undergoing EAS in 33 hospitals across China between May 1, 2019 and June 7, 2019 were prospectively collected, including perioperative data and microbial culture results from infected incisions. The primary outcome was the incidence of SSI after EAS, while the secondary outcomes were postoperative hospital stay, ICU occupancy rate, length of ICU stay, hospitalization cost, and mortality within postoperative 30 days. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the risk factors of SSI after EAS.Results:A total of 660 EAS patients aged (47.9±18.3) years were enrolled in this study, including 56.5% of males (373/660). Forty-nine (7.4%) patients developed postoperative SSI. The main pathogen of SSI was Escherichia coli [culture positive rate was 32.7% (16/49)]. As compared to patients without SSI, those with SSI were more likely to be older (median 56 years vs. 46 years, U=19 973.5, P<0.001), male [71.4% (35/49) vs. 56.1% (343/611), χ 2=4.334, P=0.037] and diabetes [14.3% (7/49) vs. 5.1% (31/611), χ 2=5.498, P=0.015]; with-lower preoperative hemoglobin (median: 122.0 g/L vs. 143.5 g/L, U=11 471.5, P=0.006) and albumin (median: 35.5 g/L vs. 40.8 g/L, U=9452.0, P<0.001), with higher blood glucose (median: 6.9 mmol/L vs. 6.0 mmol/L, U=17 754.5, P<0.001); with intestinal obstruction [32.7% (16/49) vs. 9.2% (56/611), χ 2=25.749, P<0.001], with ASA score 3-4 [42.9% (21/49) vs. 13.9% (85/611), χ 2=25.563, P<0.001] and with high surgical risk [49.0% (24/49) vs. 7.0% (43/611), χ 2=105.301, P<0.001]. The main operative procedure resulting in SSI was laparotomy [81.6%(40/49) vs. 35.7%(218/611), χ 2=40.232, P<0.001]. Patients with SSI experienced significantly longer operation time (median: 150 minutes vs. 75 minutes, U=25 183.5, P<0.001). In terms of clinical outcome, higher ICU occupancy rate [51.0% (25/49) vs. 19.5% (119/611), χ 2=26.461, P<0.001], more hospitalization costs (median: 44 000 yuan vs. 15 000 yuan, U=24 660.0, P<0.001), longer postoperative hospital stay (median: 10 days vs. 5 days, U=23 100.0, P<0.001) and longer ICU occupancy time (median: 0 days vs. 0 days, U=19 541.5, P<0.001) were found in the SSI group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the elderly (OR=3.253, 95% CI: 1.178-8.985, P=0.023), colorectal surgery (OR=9.156, 95% CI: 3.655-22.937, P<0.001) and longer operation time (OR=15.912, 95% CI:6.858-36.916, P<0.001) were independent risk factors of SSI, while the laparoscopic surgery (OR=0.288, 95% CI: 0.119-0.694, P=0.006) was an independent protective factor for SSI. Conclusions:For patients undergoing EAS, attention should be paid to middle-aged and elderly patients and those of colorectal surgery. Laparoscopic surgery should be adopted when feasible and the operation time should be minimized, so as to reduce the incidence of SSI and to reduce the burden on patients and medical institutions.

Objective:Surgical site infection (SSI) is the most common infectious complication after emergency abdominal surgery (EAS). To a large extent, most SSI can be prevented, but there are few relevant studies in China. This study mainly investigated the current situation of SSI occurrence after EAS in China, and further explored risk factors for SSI occurrence.Methods:Multi-center cross-sectional study was conducted. Clinical data of patients undergoing EAS in 33 hospitals across China between May 1, 2019 and June 7, 2019 were prospectively collected, including perioperative data and microbial culture results from infected incisions. The primary outcome was the incidence of SSI after EAS, while the secondary outcomes were postoperative hospital stay, ICU occupancy rate, length of ICU stay, hospitalization cost, and mortality within postoperative 30 days. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the risk factors of SSI after EAS.Results:A total of 660 EAS patients aged (47.9±18.3) years were enrolled in this study, including 56.5% of males (373/660). Forty-nine (7.4%) patients developed postoperative SSI. The main pathogen of SSI was Escherichia coli [culture positive rate was 32.7% (16/49)]. As compared to patients without SSI, those with SSI were more likely to be older (median 56 years vs. 46 years, U=19 973.5, P<0.001), male [71.4% (35/49) vs. 56.1% (343/611), χ 2=4.334, P=0.037] and diabetes [14.3% (7/49) vs. 5.1% (31/611), χ 2=5.498, P=0.015]; with-lower preoperative hemoglobin (median: 122.0 g/L vs. 143.5 g/L, U=11 471.5, P=0.006) and albumin (median: 35.5 g/L vs. 40.8 g/L, U=9452.0, P<0.001), with higher blood glucose (median: 6.9 mmol/L vs. 6.0 mmol/L, U=17 754.5, P<0.001); with intestinal obstruction [32.7% (16/49) vs. 9.2% (56/611), χ 2=25.749, P<0.001], with ASA score 3-4 [42.9% (21/49) vs. 13.9% (85/611), χ 2=25.563, P<0.001] and with high surgical risk [49.0% (24/49) vs. 7.0% (43/611), χ 2=105.301, P<0.001]. The main operative procedure resulting in SSI was laparotomy [81.6%(40/49) vs. 35.7%(218/611), χ 2=40.232, P<0.001]. Patients with SSI experienced significantly longer operation time (median: 150 minutes vs. 75 minutes, U=25 183.5, P<0.001). In terms of clinical outcome, higher ICU occupancy rate [51.0% (25/49) vs. 19.5% (119/611), χ 2=26.461, P<0.001], more hospitalization costs (median: 44 000 yuan vs. 15 000 yuan, U=24 660.0, P<0.001), longer postoperative hospital stay (median: 10 days vs. 5 days, U=23 100.0, P<0.001) and longer ICU occupancy time (median: 0 days vs. 0 days, U=19 541.5, P<0.001) were found in the SSI group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the elderly (OR=3.253, 95% CI: 1.178-8.985, P=0.023), colorectal surgery (OR=9.156, 95% CI: 3.655-22.937, P<0.001) and longer operation time (OR=15.912, 95% CI:6.858-36.916, P<0.001) were independent risk factors of SSI, while the laparoscopic surgery (OR=0.288, 95% CI: 0.119-0.694, P=0.006) was an independent protective factor for SSI. Conclusions:For patients undergoing EAS, attention should be paid to middle-aged and elderly patients and those of colorectal surgery. Laparoscopic surgery should be adopted when feasible and the operation time should be minimized, so as to reduce the incidence of SSI and to reduce the burden on patients and medical institutions.

Post-traumatic tetanus is the main type of non-neonatal tetanus. To reduce the incidence and mortality rate of tetanus and guide the primary medical institutions to prevent and control tetanus after trauma, National Immunization Planning Technical Working Group of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention has compiled this document in the reference with Position Paper by World Health Organization, the latest research progress from home and abroad. The guidelines focus on the basic procedures for the prevention and disposition of post-traumatic tetanus, the application of tetanus vaccines and immune preparation, and the pre-exposure immunization in high-risk populations of trauma.

Objective To evaluate the effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on a senescence marker protein-30 (SMP30) and an autophagy-related protein microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 type Ⅱ (LC3-Ⅱ) in normal human skin fibroblasts (NHSFs).Methods NHSFs were isolated from the foreskin of children,and subjected to culture in vitro.The second-to fourth-passage NHSFs were treated with 150 μmol/L H2O2 for 2 hours to establish a model for cellular senescence,while un-treated NHSFs served as control group.Senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining was performed to determine the percentage of senescent cells,indirect immunofluorescence assay to determine the expression of the autophagy-related protein LC3,reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) to measure the mRNA expression of SMP30,and Western blot analysis to measure the protein expression of SMP30 and LC3.Results The percentage of senescent (SA-β-gal-positive) cells was significantly higher in the H2O2 group than in the control group (41.70％ ± 2.95％ vs.3.03％ ± 0.25％,t =22.59,P ＜ 0.05).Indirect immunofluorescence assay showed that the percentage of LC3-positive cells was significantly lower in the H2O2 group than in the control group (12.60％ ± 1.57％ vs.23.67％ ± 3.04％,t =5.61,P ＜ 0.05).As Western blot analysis showed,no significant difference in the expression of LC3-Ⅰ (LC3-Ⅰ/glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [GAPDH] ratio) was observed between the H2O2 group and control group (0.40 ± 0.02 vs.0.41 ± 0.04,P ＞ 0.05),while the H2O2 group showed significantly lower expression of LC3-Ⅱ (LC3-Ⅱ/GAPDH ratio:0.20 ± 0.02 vs.0.80 ± 0.03,t =29.69,P ＜ 0.05) and lower LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ ratio (0.51 ± 0.03 vs.1.98 ± 0.23,t =10.967,P ＜ 0.05) compared with the control group.Moreover,the mRNA and protein expression of SMP30 (SMP30/GAPDH ratio) was significantly lower in the H2O2 group than in the control group (mRNA:0.16 ± 0.01 vs.0.35 ± 0.01;protein:0.27 ± 0.02 vs.0.63 ± 0.02,both P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion H2O2 can decrease the expression of SMP30 and LC3-Ⅱ in NHSFs,and accelerate the senescence of NHSFs.

Objective To explore the safety of unilateral percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) in treating osteoporotic vertebral burst fracture.Methods All 25 osteoporotic vertebral burst fracture cases (25 fracture segments) treated from April 2014 to July 2015 were analyzed retrospectively.In 25 cases,there were 17 males and 16 females,aged from 58.0 to 88.0 years with a mean age of 76.6 years.All patients included in the study had preoperative thoracic or lumbar X-rays,CT reconstruction and MR fatsuppression sequence scan in order to definite fracture sites and the integrality of the posterior wall of fracture vertebral.The unilateral PKP were performed by the same operator.All patients included in the study had postoperative thoracic or lumbar X-rays,and CT reconstruction to observe the bone cement leakage.After patients were out of hospital,X-rays were done regularly.The types of bone leakage were recorded.The pre-and post-operational anterior and posterior wall and the kyphotic angle were measured by one doctor.Results The scores of VAS at the first day after operation and the end of follow up decreased compared with the pre-operative scores:(2.8 ± 1.2),(2.4 ± 1.6) scores vs.(6.4 ± 2.6) scores,and there were significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).The kyphotic angle at the first day after operation and the end of follow up decreased compared with the pre-operative,but there were no significant differences (P ＞ 0.05).The post-operative height of vertebral anterior wall increased at the first day after operation and the end of follow up compared with the pre-operative:(21.7 ± 5.0),(21.4 ± 4.1) mm vs.(20.3 ± 3.8)mm,and there were significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).The post-operative height of vertebral posterior wall increased at the first day after operation and the end of follow up compared with the pre-operative,but there were no significant differences (P ＞ 0.05).The above index at the first day after operation and the end of follow up had no significant differences (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The unilateral PKP in treating osteoporotic vertebral burst fracture is safe and reliable.Clear image display,skillful puncture techniques and suitable injection timing are necessary factors for a successful operation.