ObjectiveTo establish a mouse model of particulate matter 2.5 （PM_2.5）-induced dry eye and investigate whether Chufeng Yisuntang can ameliorate the PM_2.5-induced ocular surface damage by regulating the reactive oxygen species （ROS）/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （p38 MAPK） signaling pathway. MethodsSixty 8-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were used. Ten were randomly selected as the control group. The remaining 50 mice received topical instillation of 1 drop （0.1 mL） of 5 g·L^-1 PM_2.5 suspension in both eyes， four times daily. Successfully modeled mice were randomized into four groups （n=10）： Model， p38 MAPK inhibitor， Chufeng Yisuntang， and combination （Chufeng Yisuntang at 7.3 g·kg^-1 + p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 at 5 mg·kg^-1）. Chufeng Yisuntang was administered via gavage， and the inhibitor group via intraperitoneal injection. The control and model groups received equal volumes of distilled water by gavage. All treatments lasted for 4 weeks. General conditions were dynamically observed. Tear secretion， tear film break-up time， and corneal fluorescein staining were assessed. After intervention for 4 weeks， hematoxylin and eosin （HE） staining was used to examine the histopathological changes. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was adopted to measure serum levels of ROS， malondialdehyde （MDA）， superoxide dismutase （SOD） 1， and SOD2. Western blot and Real-time PCR were employed to determine the protein and gene levels， respectively， of p38 MAPK， B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）， Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax）， and cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-3 （Caspase-3） in the corneal tissue. ResultsCompared with the control group， the model group exhibited reduced tear secretion volume and tear film breakup time， along with increased corneal fluorescein staining scores （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the Chufeng Yisuntang group， p38 MAPK inhibitor group， and combination group demonstrated increased tear secretion volume and tear film breakup time， along with decreased corneal fluorescein staining scores （P<0.01）. HE staining revealed that compared with the control group， the model group exhibited marked increases in corneal epithelial cell layers and epithelial thickness， along with reduced meibomian gland acini and intensely stained， densely packed nuclei around the acini. Compared with the model group， the Chufeng Yisuntang group， p38 MAPK inhibitor group， and combination group showed intact corneal structure， improved cell morphology， and reduced damage severity. ELISA revealed elevated ROS and MDA levels （P<0.01） and decreased SOD1 and SOD2 levels （P<0.01） in the model group compared with the control group. Compared with the model group， Chufeng Yisuntang， p38 MAPK inhibitor， and the combination lowered ROS and MDA levels （P<0.01）， while raising SOD1 and SOD2 levels （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Western blot revealed that compared with the control group， the model group exhibited increased protein levels of p38 MAPK， Bax， and Caspase-3 （P<0.01） and reduced protein level of Bcl-2 （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， Chufeng Yisuntang， p38 MAPK inhibitor， and the combination down-regulated the protein levels of p38 MAPK， Bax， and Caspase-3 （P<0.01）， while up-regulating the protein level of Bcl-2 （P<0.01）. Compared with the Chufeng Yisuntang group， the combination group exhibited decreased protein levels of p38 MAPK， Bax， and Caspase-3 （P<0.01） and increased protein level of Bcl-2 （P<0.01）. Real-time PCR revealed that compared with the control group， the model group exhibited upregulated mRNA levels of p38 MAPK， Bax， and Caspase-3 （P<0.01）， and downregulated mRNA level of Bcl-2 （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， Chufeng Yisuntang， p38 MAPK inhibitor， and the combination down-regulated the mRNA levels of p38 MAPK， Bax， and Caspase-3 （P<0.01）， while up-regulating the mRNA level of Bcl-2 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the Chufeng Yisuntang group， the combination group exhibited decreased mRNA levels of p38 MAPK， Bax， and Caspase-3 expression （P<0.05， P<0.01） and increased mRNA level of Bcl-2 （P<0.01）. ConclusionChufeng Yisuntang may partially protect against PM_2.5-induced corneal injury by inhibiting the ROS/p38 MAPK pathway， enhancing antioxidant defense， and reducing epithelial apoptosis.

ObjectiveThis paper aims to investigate the effects and mechanism of Mimenghua prescription in modulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase （MEK）/rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog （Ras）/rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma kinase （Raf）/extracellular signal-regulated kinase （ERK） signaling pathway to inhibit inflammatory responses in a dry eye animal model. MethodsA total of 60 C57BL/6J mice （eight weeks old， half male and half female） were used in the experiment. Ten mice were randomly selected as the blank control group， while the remaining 50 were exposed to a controlled dry system and received instillation of 0.2% benzalkonium chloride （BAC） into the eyes for four weeks to establish a dry eye mouse model. After successful modeling， the mice were randomly divided into five groups： Model group， sodium hyaluronate group， and Mimenghua prescription groups with low dose （4.83 g·kg^-1）， medium dose （9.67 g·kg^-1）， and high dose （19.34 g·kg^-1）. The mice in the model group received an equal volume of normal saline via gavage for four weeks. The mice in the sodium hyaluronate group received instillation of sodium hyaluronate eye drops twice daily for 14 consecutive days. The tear secretion volume， tear film break-up time （TBUT）， and corneal fluorescein staining were evaluated once every two weeks. After four weeks of administration， mice were euthanized， and their lacrimal gland tissues and corneas were harvested. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to assess histopathological morphology. Western blot was performed to detect the protein expression levels of MEK， Ras， Raf， and ERK. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to measure the contents and expressions of MEK， Ras， Raf， ERK， and interleukin （IL）-1β in lacrimal gland and corneal tissues of the mice in each group. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was employed to determine mRNA expression levels of MEK， Ras， Raf， and ERK. ResultsThe Mimenghua prescription groups and the sodium hyaluronate group exhibited significantly increased tear secretion volume （P<0.05） and prolonged TBUT （P<0.05） after treatment. Ocular surface damage of mice was visibly recovered. Western blot results indicated that protein expression levels of MEK， Ras， Raf， and ERK in the lacrimal gland and corneal tissues were significantly downregulated in the sodium hyaluronate group and Mimenghua prescription group with high dose （P<0.05）. ELISA results showed that IL-1β levels were highest in the model group but significantly reduced in the sodium hyaluronate group and Mimenghua prescription groups （P<0.05）. Both ELISA and Real-time PCR results demonstrated that the expression levels of MEK， Ras， Raf， and ERK in the lacrimal glands and corneal tissues were significantly elevated in the model group （P<0.05）， but markedly downregulated in the sodium hyaluronate group and Mimenghua prescription groups （P<0.05）， suggesting that Mimenghua prescription can decrease the expressions of MEK， Ras， Raf， and ERK in the lacrimal glands and corneal tissues. ConclusionMimenghua prescription can reduce inflammatory responses， increase tear secretion， prolong TBUT， and promote corneal recovery by inhibiting the MEK， Ras， Raf， and ERK signaling pathways in lacrimal gland and corneal tissues.

Linzhou,formerly known as Lin County,is the pioneer site for cancer prevention and control in China,established as early as 1959.For more than 60 years,the construction of cancer prevention and control system in Linzhou has been continuously improved,but in the face of the new situation of cancer prevention and control,the existing system has deficiencies in cancer registration,screening,treatment,scientific research,science popularization and other aspects.With the establishment of Linzhou Cancer Center,it has brought new opportunities and new mis-sions for Linzhou cancer prevention and control.Based on this,this paper puts forward a series of measures for the construction of Linzhou cancer prevention and control system,aiming to improve the Linzhou cancer prevention and control system and improve the prevention and control efficiency.

Linzhou,formerly known as Lin County,is the pioneer site for cancer prevention and control in China,established as early as 1959.For more than 60 years,the construction of cancer prevention and control system in Linzhou has been continuously improved,but in the face of the new situation of cancer prevention and control,the existing system has deficiencies in cancer registration,screening,treatment,scientific research,science popularization and other aspects.With the establishment of Linzhou Cancer Center,it has brought new opportunities and new mis-sions for Linzhou cancer prevention and control.Based on this,this paper puts forward a series of measures for the construction of Linzhou cancer prevention and control system,aiming to improve the Linzhou cancer prevention and control system and improve the prevention and control efficiency.

Objective:To investigate the epileptogenic networks of bilateral asymmetric tonic seizures (BATS) originating from the posterior insula using stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG).Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed. Among the epilepsy patients who underwent preoperative assessment and SEEG monitoring in the Epilepsy Department of Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital from January 1, 2015 to July 1, 2024, 7 patients with insular epilepsy characterized by BATS originating from the posterior insula were selected based on anatomo-electro-clinical characteristics. The clinical characteristics, neuroimaging features, scalp EEG patterns, and SEEG recordings of the 7 patients were collected and analyzed. Via synchronously analyzing ictal semiology and electroanatomical propagation pathways shown by SEEG, the features of epileptogenic networks were elucidated. Results:Four patients had seizure onset from the dorsal-superior part of the left posterior insula, and 3 patients from the dorsal-superior part of the right posterior insula. The electroencephalographic characteristics of the seizure onset zones showed high consistency in these 7 patients: rhythmic spike or multiple spike discharges at the initial stage, and a low-amplitude rapid rhythm pattern subsequently. Totally, 3-10 seizures were recorded in each patient. Four patients experienced prodromal symptoms, including 3 patients with somatosensory symptoms (1 with chest and abdominal pain, 1 with contralateral facial numbness combined with throat constriction sensation, and 1 with contralateral limb numbness), and 1 patient with non-specific presentation (hugging family member before seizure). The seizure semiological evolution sequence was from prodrome to BATS, and then to secondary symptoms, with 3 patients exhibiting clustered spasms as secondary symptoms, and 4 patients showing eyelids and contralateral upper limb distal tonic-clonic manifestations as secondary symptoms. The epileptogenic networks followed a consistent pattern: the dorsal-superior part of the posterior insula leads to the middle-posterior part of the superior circular sulcus, to the ventral posterior insular and posterior circular sulcus, and then to the supplementary sensorimotor area (SSMA), and finally to the central sulcus, central region-vertex, and inferior parietal lobule. Only 2 patients had the anterior insular-involved epileptic brain networks, while the remaining 5 patients did not involve the anterior insular. During BATS, SEEG electrode contacts corresponding to the posterior insular, superior circular sulcus and SSMA exhibited low-amplitude rapid rhythm patterns.Conclusion:The seizures spread from the dorsal-superior part of the posterior insula to the middle-posterior part of the superior circular sulcus at the early stage of onset, and then connected with SSMA; these structures formed a epileptogenic brain network through abnormal synchronous discharge, which eventually led to BATS.

Objective To analyze the elevated blood pressure status and its influencing factors among manufacturing workers in Foshan City. Methods A total of 565 795 manufacturing workers who underwent occupational medical examinations in Foshan City from 2017 to 2023 were included. Data of workers were obtained from the Guangdong Provincial Key Occupational Disease Monitoring and Management Platform. The influencing factors of elevated blood pressure were analyzed using descriptive epidemiological methods. Results A total of 89 526 cases of elevated blood pressure were detected among the 565 795 workers, with a detection rate of 15.82%. From 2017 to 2023, the annual detection rate of elevated blood pressure was 14.11%, 15.00%, 14.69%, 15.94%, 17.00%, 16.90%, and 16.68%, respectively, showing an overall upward trend (P<0.01). The top three industries with the highest detection rates of elevated blood pressure were instrument and meter manufacturing; wood processing and the manufacture of wood, bamboo, rattan, palm, and straw products; as well as agricultural and sideline food processing. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that male workers had a higher risk of elevated blood pressure than female workers (P<0.01). The risk of elevated blood pressure in workers increased with age, years of occupational hazard exposure, and duration of dust exposure (all P<0.05). Workers exposed to noise for more than three years had a higher risk of elevated blood pressure than those without noise exposure (P<0.05). The risk of elevated blood pressure among workers in Nanhai, Shunde, and Gaoming districts was higher than that in Chancheng District (all P<0.01). Workers originating from Northeast and Northwest China had a higher risk of elevated blood pressure than those from North China (all P<0.05). Workers from smaller-scale enterprises had higher risk of elevated blood pressure (all P<0.01). Conclusion Targeted blood pressure health interventions in Foshan City should be strengthened for male manufacturing workers who are older, have longer working years, and originate from Northeast and Northwest China. The development of exemplary health enterprises should be promoted, particularly among micro- and small-sized enterprises and key industries. Enhanced occupational health management is especially needed for positions with high intensity noise exposure and high concentration dust exposure.

Objective:To investigate the epileptogenic networks of bilateral asymmetric tonic seizures (BATS) originating from the posterior insula using stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG).Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed. Among the epilepsy patients who underwent preoperative assessment and SEEG monitoring in the Epilepsy Department of Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital from January 1, 2015 to July 1, 2024, 7 patients with insular epilepsy characterized by BATS originating from the posterior insula were selected based on anatomo-electro-clinical characteristics. The clinical characteristics, neuroimaging features, scalp EEG patterns, and SEEG recordings of the 7 patients were collected and analyzed. Via synchronously analyzing ictal semiology and electroanatomical propagation pathways shown by SEEG, the features of epileptogenic networks were elucidated. Results:Four patients had seizure onset from the dorsal-superior part of the left posterior insula, and 3 patients from the dorsal-superior part of the right posterior insula. The electroencephalographic characteristics of the seizure onset zones showed high consistency in these 7 patients: rhythmic spike or multiple spike discharges at the initial stage, and a low-amplitude rapid rhythm pattern subsequently. Totally, 3-10 seizures were recorded in each patient. Four patients experienced prodromal symptoms, including 3 patients with somatosensory symptoms (1 with chest and abdominal pain, 1 with contralateral facial numbness combined with throat constriction sensation, and 1 with contralateral limb numbness), and 1 patient with non-specific presentation (hugging family member before seizure). The seizure semiological evolution sequence was from prodrome to BATS, and then to secondary symptoms, with 3 patients exhibiting clustered spasms as secondary symptoms, and 4 patients showing eyelids and contralateral upper limb distal tonic-clonic manifestations as secondary symptoms. The epileptogenic networks followed a consistent pattern: the dorsal-superior part of the posterior insula leads to the middle-posterior part of the superior circular sulcus, to the ventral posterior insular and posterior circular sulcus, and then to the supplementary sensorimotor area (SSMA), and finally to the central sulcus, central region-vertex, and inferior parietal lobule. Only 2 patients had the anterior insular-involved epileptic brain networks, while the remaining 5 patients did not involve the anterior insular. During BATS, SEEG electrode contacts corresponding to the posterior insular, superior circular sulcus and SSMA exhibited low-amplitude rapid rhythm patterns.Conclusion:The seizures spread from the dorsal-superior part of the posterior insula to the middle-posterior part of the superior circular sulcus at the early stage of onset, and then connected with SSMA; these structures formed a epileptogenic brain network through abnormal synchronous discharge, which eventually led to BATS.

Objective To explore the effect and safety of right unilateral modified electroconvulsive therapy(RUL-MECT)for major depressive disorder patients(MDD).Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 70 patients with MDD who were randomly divided into a study group and a control group.The study group underwent age-based RUL-MECT,while the control group underwent bitemporal MECT.The participants were evaluated using the 17-item Hamilton depression scale(HAMD-17),MATRICS consensus cognitive battery(MCCB)and orientation recovery tests(ORT).Any adverse reactions that occurred during each intervention process were recorded.Results Before treatment,there were no significant differences in the HAMD-17(32.89±5.68 vs.33.54±4.78)between the two groups(P>0.05).The HAMD-17 score of the intervention group was 6.83±4.68,while the control group was 7.20±4.60 after 8 interventions,repeated measures analysis of variance showed the time effect(P<0.001)was significant.The intergroup effect and interaction effect was not significant(P>0.05).In terms of MCCB scores,there were significant main effect(P<0.001)in connectivity tests,symbol coding,language memory,spatial breadth,number sequence,maze test,visual memory,emotional management and the duration of continuous operation.The intergroup effects of language memory,number sequence,visual memory,speech fluency,and continuous operation were significant(P<0.05).The interaction effect of language memory and continuous operation were significant(P<0.05).After the intervention,the recovery of orientation time was significantly shorter in the study group than that in the control group[(508.57±104.48)s vs.(631.66±212.27)s](P<0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions between two groups(28.6% vs.40.0% )has no significance(P>0.05).Conclusions Compared with bitemporal MECT,RUL-MECT has comparable efficacy in treating depressant and better performance in improving cognitive function and recovery of orientation.

Objective:To explore the epileptogenic network patterns in 14 patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) originating from the amygdala.Methods:A total of 14 patients with mTLE originating from the amygdala underwent preoperative evaluation in Department of Epilepsy, Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2023 were selected. A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of these patients. Epileptogenic network patterns were further explored based on stereo-electroencephalogram (SEEG) and positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT).Results:Craniocerebral MRI indicated 12 patients with unilateral amygdala hypertrophy, and 2 with increased T2-FLAIR signal in the amygdala but no obvious volume change. During interictal period, scalp EEG indicated discharges in one or both temporal regions and distinguished at the lesion side. During ictal period, scalp EEG indicated that the initial side is consistent with the lesion side. Three clinical phenotypes and epileptogenic network patterns were summarized: the first type ( n=5) had clinical manifestations as aura→automotor→autonomic symptoms, with epileptic seizure starting from amygdala→hippocampus→preinsula→temporal pole (by SEEG) and low metabolism in the medial structures of the temporal lobe (by PET-CT); the second type ( n=6) had clinical manifestations as aura→hypermotor/complex motor→autonomic symptoms, with epileptic seizure starting from amygdala→hippocampus→temporal pole→frontal orbital gyrus and anterior cingulate cortex→insula (by SEEG) and low metabolism in the medial structures of the temporal lobe, temporal pole, insula, frontal-orbital gyrus, and inner frontal lobe (by PET-CT); the third type ( n=3) had clinical manifestations as aura→bilateral symmetrical dystonia→autonomic symptoms (with or without oral-alimentary automotor), with epileptic seizure starting from amygdala→hippocampus and insula→temporal pole and adjacent temporal neocortex (by SEEG) and low metabolism in the mesial structures of the temporal lobe and the insula (by PET-CT). Conclusion:The different clinical phenotypes of patients with mTLE originating from the amygdala may have equivalent epileptogenic network patterns.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of newly-diagnosed occupational diseases among female workers in Foshan City from 2013 to 2023. MethodsClinical data of newly-diagnosed occupational diseases among female workers in Foshan City from 2013 to 2023 were collected from the "Occupational Disease and Hazardous Detection Information System" subsystem of the "China Disease Prevention and Control Information System", and their distribution characteristics were analyzed using descriptive epidemiology. Results A total of 218 cases of newly-diagnosed occupational diseases among female workers in Foshan City were reported from 2013 to 2023, categorized into seven categories and 17 types. The median age and median length of exposure to occupational hazards among female workers were 45.1 and 7.8 years, respectively. The top three categories of newly-diagnosed cases were occupational diseases of the ear, nose, throat, and oral cavity (90 cases, all related to occupational noise-induced hearing loss), occupational chemical poisoning (61 cases), and occupational pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases (51 cases, including 50 cases with occupational pneumoconiosis). The newly-diagnosed cases were concentrated in Nanhai District, Shunde District, and Gaoming District, accounting for 75.2%. The newly-diagnosed cases were found in non-metallic mineral products manufacturing industry, metal products industry, and electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing industry, accounting for 50.9%. Enterprises of newly-diagnosed cases were mainly distributed in private enterprises and foreign-invested enterprises, accounting for 80.3%. The scale of enterprises of newly-diagnosed cases was mainly small- and medium-sized, accounting for 79.4%. Among the 218 cases, there were 21 cluster cases, involving 16 cases of occupational silicosis and five cases of occupational acute n-hexane poisoning, involving six manufacture industries, with 81.3% cases worked in sanitary ceramic products industry. Conclusion Occupational noise-induced deafness should be listed as a key occupational disease for female workers in Foshan City. Attention should be paid to the prevention of occupational diseases among middle-aged female workers in the non-metallic mineral products industry and small and medium-sized enterprises, and the cluster outbreaks of occupational pneumoconiosis.