Based on the natures and flavors of herbal medicinals recorded in Shen Nong's Classic of the Materia Medica （《神农本草经》）； Miscellaneous Records of Famous Physicians （《名医别录》）， this study analyzed the characte-ristics of the natures， flavors and combination of medicinals of the two-herb compound formulas in Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases （《伤寒杂病论》）.Finally， 31 compound formulas were included， and it was found that the nature and flavor of the herbs in these two-herb compound formulas are closely related to the functions of the compound formulas， such as the common pairing of the acrid and the sweet herbs to warm yang and transform qi， the acrid and the bitter herbs in pairs to regulate and harmonize cold and heat， the sweet and the bitter in pairs to remove dampness and clear heat， the acrid and the acrid in pairs to arrest vomiting and direct qi downward， and the sour and the sweet in pairs to slow the urgent and relieve pain. Regardless of the deficiency or excess nature of the disease， the corresponding two-herb compound formulas often aim to reinforce healthy qi while eliminating pathogenic factors， with some formulas showcasing a unique correspondence between the disease pattern and the symptoms addressed.

Based on the isolation and identification of Nosema ceranae(N.ceranae)in honeybees,this study optimized the synthesis method of nano-FeS derived from albumen and explored in vitro and in vivo antifungal effects against N.ceranae.Pathogens were isolated from infected honeybee colonies and identified as N.ceranae using morphological and molecular biology techniques.In vitro experiments were conducted to confirm the antifungal effects of nano-FeS against N.ceranae and elucidate the mechanism.In vivo experiments were carried out to validate the therapeutic effects of nano-FeS against N.ceranae infection.Nano-FeS was synthesized using the solvothermal method with an optimal scheme determined through orthogonal experiments,with an average par-ticle size of 75 nm.Flow cytometry and fluorescence staining experiments confirmed that nano-FeS induced apoptosis and necrosis in N.ceranae.After N.ceranae was exposed to nano-FeS,intracellu-lar iron accumulation,disruption of the glutathione and glutathione peroxidase antioxidant system,and subsequent ROS accumulation were observed,ultimately leading to lipid peroxidation of cell membranes.In vivo experiments demonstrated reduced mortality and decreased spore counts in the midgut of honeybees fed with nano-FeS.Transcriptome analysis and qPCR revealed the impact of nano-FeS on gene expression in the N.ceranae infected honeybee midgut.This study presented a promising alternative antifungal agent for N.ceranae infection in honeybees and elucidated the an-tifungal mechanism of nano-FeS related to ferroptosis.Additionally,the study found a positive cor-relation between the mass concentration of nano-FeS and its antifungal effectiveness against N.ceranae.

Purpose: To identify the predictors of infectious disease-specific health literacy (IDSHL), and establish an easy-to-apply nomogram to predict the IDSHL of older adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 380 older adults who completed the IDSHL, self-rated health, socio-demographic and other questionnaires. Logistic regression was used to identify the IDSHL predictors. Nomogram was used to construct a predictive model. Results: Up to 70.1% of older adults had limited IDSHL. Age, education, place of residence, self-rated health, and Internet access were the important influencing factors of IDSHL. The established nomogram model showed high accuracy (receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.848). Conclusions The IDSHL of Chinese older adults was significantly deficient. The constructed nomogram is an intuitive tool for IDSHL prediction that can not only contribute toward rapid screening of high-risk older adults with limited IDSHL but also provide guidance for healthcare providers to develop prevention strategies for infectious diseases.

Pulmonary blast injury has become the main type of trauma in modern warfare, characterized by externally mild injuries but internally severe injuries, rapid disease progression, and a high rate of early death. The injury is complicated in clinical practice, often with multiple and compound injuries. Currently, there is a lack of effective protective materials, accurate injury detection instrument and portable monitoring and transportation equipment, standardized clinical treatment guidelines in various medical centers, and evidence-based guidelines at home and abroad, resulting in a high mortality in clinlcal practice. Therefore, the Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association and the Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized military and civilian experts in related fields such as thoracic surgery and traumatic surgery to jointly develop the Clinical treatment guideline for pulmonary blast injury ( version 2023) by combining evidence for effectiveness and clinical first-line treatment experience. This guideline provided 16 recommended opinions surrounding definition, characteristics, pre-hospital diagnosis and treatment, and in-hospital treatment of pulmonary blast injury, hoping to provide a basis for the clinical treatment in hospitals at different levels.

Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease.Previous studies have shown that children are vulnerable to monkeypox and are also at high risk for severe disease or complications.In order to improve pediatricians′ understanding of monkeypox and achieve early detection, early diagnosis, early treatment and early disposal, the committee composed of more than 40 experts in the related fields of infectious diseases, pediatrics, infection control and public health formulate this expert consensus, on the basis of the latest clinical management and infection prevention and control for monkeypox released by the World Health Organization (WHO), the guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of monkeypox (version 2022) issued by National Health Commission of the People′s Republic of China and other relevant documents.During the development of this consensus, multidisciplinary experts have repeatedly demonstrated the etiology, epidemiology, transmission, clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, treatment, discharge criteria, prevention, case management process and key points of prevention and control about monkeypox.

Objective:To study the changes of serum N-glycan abundance in patients with liver fibrosis at different stages of hepatitis C, and to establish and evaluate the diagnostic model for clinical application value.Methods:Data of 169 hepatitis C virus-infected cases with liver fibrosis were enrolled. Nine kinds of serum N-glycans were detected and analyzed using DNA sequencer-assisted fluorophore-assisted capillary electrophoresis technology. A binary logistics regression method was used to establish a diagnostic model based on the changes in the relative content of N-glycans in each stage of liver fibrosis. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate and compare the diagnostic efficacy with other liver fibrosis diagnostic models.Results:N-glycan diagnostic model (B and C) had highest AUROC= 0.776, 0.827 for distinguishing fibrosis S1~S2 to S3~S4 and S1~S3 to S4 than GlycoFibroTest (AUROC = 0.760, 0.807), GlycoCirrhoTest (AUROC = 0.722, 0.787), aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (AUROC = 0.755, 0.751), FIB-4 index (AUROC = 0.730, 0.774), and S-index (AUROC = 0.707, 0.744). However, the diagnostic efficacy of model A (AUROC = 0.752) for distinguishing fibrosis S1 with S2~S4 had lower diagnostic potency than that of the aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (AUROC = 0.807). Diagnostic efficiency was improved when the N-glycan profiling and the aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index were combined to diagnose liver fibrosis in each stage, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.839, 0.825, and 0.837, respectively.Conclusion:The serum N-glycan profiling diagnostic model has potential clinical application value in the diagnosis of liver fibrosis in patients with hepatitis C.

Objective:To analyze the clinical manifestations and laboratory features in patients with myeloid neoplasms complicated with clonal T large granular lymphocyte (T-LGL) proliferation.Methods:The clinical data of 5 patients with myeloid neoplasms complicated with clonal T-LGL proliferation from November 2017 to November 2018 in Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College were analyzed retrospectively.Results:The median age was 60 years old. All patients had a history of abnormal peripheral blood cell counts for over 6 months. The absolute lymphocyte count in peripheral blood was less than 1.0×10 9/L. In addition to the typical T-LGL phenotype, the immunophenotype was heterogenous including CD4 +CD8 - in 2 patients, the other 3 CD4 -CD8 +. Four patients were αβ type T cells, the other one was γδ type. STAT3 mutation was detected in 1 patient by next-generation sequencing, the other 4 cases were negative. Conclusions:Clonal T-LGL proliferation with myeloid neoplasm develops in an indolent manner, mainly in elderly patients. Hemocytopenia is the most common manifestation. The diagnosis of T-LGL proliferation does not have specific criteria, that it should be differentiated from other T cell proliferative disorders, such as T-cell clones of undetermined significance. STAT3 or STAT5b mutation may help distinguish.

Objective: To investigate the clinical effect and safety of long-acting pegylated interferon-α-2b (Peg-IFN-α-2b) (Y shape, 40 kD) injection (180 μg/week) in the treatment of HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, with standard-dose Peg-IFN-α-2a as positive control. Methods: This study was a multicenter, randomized, open-label, and positive-controlled phase III clinical trial. Eligible HBeAg-positive CHB patients were screened out and randomized to Peg-IFN-α-2b (Y shape, 40 kD) trial group and Peg-IFN-α-2a control group at a ratio of 2:1. The course of treatment was 48 weeks and the patients were followed up for 24 weeks after drug withdrawal. Plasma samples were collected at screening, baseline, and 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 weeks for centralized detection. COBAS® Ampliprep/COBAS® TaqMan® HBV Test was used to measure HBV DNA level by quantitative real-time PCR. Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay with Elecsys kit was used to measure HBV markers (HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HBe). Adverse events were recorded in detail. The primary outcome measure was HBeAg seroconversion rate after the 24-week follow-up, and non-inferiority was also tested. The difference in HBeAg seroconversion rate after treatment between the trial group and the control group and two-sided confidence interval (CI) were calculated, and non-inferiority was demonstrated if the lower limit of 95% CI was > -10%. The t-test, chi-square test, or rank sum test was used according to the types and features of data. Results: A total of 855 HBeAg-positive CHB patients were enrolled and 820 of them received treatment (538 in the trial group and 282 in the control group). The data of the full analysis set showed that HBeAg seroconversion rate at week 72 was 27.32% in the trial group and 22.70% in the control group with a rate difference of 4.63% (95% CI -1.54% to 10.80%, P = 0.1493). The data of the per-protocol set showed that HBeAg seroconversion rate at week 72 was 30.75% in the trial group and 27.14% in the control group with a rate difference of 3.61% (95% CI -3.87% to 11.09%, P = 0.3436). 95% CI met the non-inferiority criteria, and the trial group was non-inferior to the control group. The two groups had similar incidence rates of adverse events, serious adverse events, and common adverse events. Conclusion In Peg-IFN-α regimen for HBeAg-positive CHB patients, the new drug Peg-IFN-α-2b (Y shape, 40 kD) has comparable effect and safety to the control drug Peg-IFN-α-2a.

Objective: To study the risk factors for prevalence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in young and middle-aged population. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in 110100 subjects at the age of (18-98) years who received physical examination in Kailuan Group from 2012-06 to 2014-10. Based on the limitations of male≤53 years and female≤63 years, a total of 62367 subjects were enrolled in our study. The subjects were followed-up for 2 years by the end point event of AMI to analyze the risk factors ofAMI occurrence. Results: According to AMI occurrence at the follow-up period, the subjects were divided into 2 groups: AMI group, n=56 and Control group, n=62152. Compared with Control group, AMI group had increased BMI, SBP, DBP and elevated blood levels of LDL-C, TG; AMI group also showed the higher ratios of subjects with the history of diabetes and taking anti-hypertension medication. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis indicated that age (RR=1.37), male (RR=60.54), LDL-C (RR=1.12), and TG (RR=5.93) were the risk factors forAMI occurrence in young and middle-aged population, allP<0.05. Conclusion: Age, male gender, blood levels of LDL-C, and TG were the risk factors for AMI occurrence in young and middle-aged population.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of the expanded capsule on biomechanics of the transplanted autologous costal cartilage.

METHODSTen New Zealand white rabbits aged 3 months were involved and four 15 ml tissue expanders were implanted symmetrically on the back of each rabbit. After 1 month, expanded capsules were removed (experimental group) on the left side and were reserved (control group) on the right side. Meanwhile, the 6th and 7th costal cartilage without the perichondrium were taken out and each cartilage was divided into two pieces and put under the expanded capsule symmetrically. The cartilage at the upper sides and lower sides were taken out at 4 weeks and 8 weeks later, respectively. All the cartilages were sculptured for the demand of the machine text. The tension and compression property of the cartilages were assessed by the material testing machine (Instron 5967) and the results were analyzed statistically.

RESULTS8 weeks lateral, the average ultimate tension strength was (4. 954 + 2. 8) MPa in experimental group and (2.939 + 0.842) MPa in control group. The average compressive strength was (58.74 ± 13.77) MPa in experimental group, and (47.61 ± 11.41) MPa in control group. The biomechanics property of the cartilages in the experimental group is better than the control group, and the differences were statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONSRemoving the expanded capsule is benefical to maintain the biomechanics of autologous costal cartilage.

Animals ; Autografts ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Costal Cartilage ; physiology ; transplantation ; Humans ; Rabbits ; Ribs ; Tissue Expansion ; Tissue Expansion Devices