Objective:To investigate whether intratumoral Gemella haemolysans(G.haemolysans)enhances the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy(NACI)in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)-bearing mice and the underlying mechanism.Methods:Twenty-five 4-week-old female C57BL/6 mice were randomized into five groups(n=5 per group):negative control(NC)group,chemo-therapy group,G.haemolysans+chemotherapy group,NACI group,and G.haemolysans+NACI group.A germ-free mouse model was established in each group by administering antibiotic cocktail for 2 weeks.On day 0,ESCC-bearing mouse models were built through subcutaneous inoculation of either murine esophageal cancer cell line AKR or G.haemolysans-AKR cells.On day 7 when tumors formed under the skin,drugs were injected into the abdomen thrice weekly.On day 28 when the treatments were finished,the mice were sacrificed to harvest their tumors,and then the tumors were fixed in 4%paraformaldehyde.We located and quantified G.haemolysans within the tumors through fluorescence in situ hybridization,and characterized immune cell composition in the tumor immune microen-vironment(TIME)of the mice treated with NACI through multiplex immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry.Results:G.haemolysans significantly strengthened the efficacy of NACI in ESCC(P<0.05),whereas no chemosensitizing effects were observed on chemo-therapy in ESCC-bearing mice.G.haemolysans significantly en-hanced natural killer(NK)cell infiltration within the TIME(P<0.01).Conclusion:G.haemolysans improves NACI efficacy in ESCC-bearing mice by increasing NK cell recruitment in the TIME.

Objective:This study aims to explore the independent and interactive effects of childhood trauma (CT) and major depressive disorder (MDD) on amygdala subregion volumes and to examine whether volumetric changes in these subregions mediate the relationship between CT and depressive severity.Methods:A total of 129 MDD patients and 127 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited from Nanjing Brain Hospital between October 2022 and November 2024. All participants underwent 3D-T 1 weighted MRI scans,and amygdala subregions were segmented using the FreeSurfer software. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed with the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD 17) and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA),respectively. Childhood trauma exposure was evaluated via the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Generalized linear models (GLM) were applied to analyze the main and interactive effects of MDD diagnosis (depression/healthy controls) and CT (presence/absence),adjusting for age,estimated intracranial volume,sex,medication history,and education years. Partial correlation and mediation analyses were conducted to explore associations between amygdala subregion volumes and clinical measures in MDD patients. Results:MDD diagnosis was independently associated with increased volumes in the right central nucleus ( Wald χ2=9.09, P=0.026) and medial nucleus ( Wald χ2=10.08, P=0.026). CT exposure was independently associated with reduced volumes in the right central nucleus ( Wald χ2=7.99, P=0.047) and medial nucleus ( Wald χ2=9.20, P=0.047). No significant interaction effects between MDD and CT were observed in any amygdala subregion. Mediation analysis revealed that reduced right medial nucleus volume partially mediated the relationship between total CTQ scores and depressive severity (proportion mediated: 26.69%,95% CI=0.002-0.060) and mediated the association between emotional neglect and depressive severity (proportion mediated: 26.75%,95% CI=0.006-0.150). Such mediating effects were not found for the right central nucleus. Conclusion:CT and MDD exhibit divergent patterns of influence on amygdala subregions. CT is linked to volumetric reductions,whereas MDD is associated with volumetric enlargement. Reduced volume of the right medial nucleus mediates the relationship between CT and depression severity.

Infectious diseases continue to pose a threat to global public health. Successive global shocks caused by emerging and re-emerging pathogens have continuously challenged existing surveillance systems, highlighting the urgent need to build efficient and precise pathogen surveillance networks. Pathogen genomic databases have been developed rapidly in recent two decades, significantly improving the molecular identification, evolutionary analysis, and transmission tracking of pathogens, and changing disease surveillance strategies and patterns. This paper summarizes the developmental history and current state of pathogen genomic databases, and discusses their applications in public health, including pathogen variation surveillance, emerging or suspected pathogen identification, and epidemiological tracing. Furthermore, this paper systematically analyzes the limitations and key challenges faced by current global health prevention and control system, and suggests the focus of the development of online pathogen databases to address existing shortcomings, ultimately improve global infectious disease surveillance and early warning

Since the global outbreak in 2022, the mpox epidemic has evolved from an African endemic to a public health emergency of international concern. The 2024 mpox outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo caused by the Clade Ⅰb lineage is yet another wake-up call, with markedly higher prevalence and fatality rates observed among children under 15 years of age, thereby presenting new challenges for the children. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen prevention and control, block mother-to-child transmission routes, and establish innovative models with active community participation to reduce the risk of mpox transmission. In the future, it is urgent to analyze molecular mechanisms underlying the mother-to-child transmission of the virus, develop targeted antiviral drugs, establish a pediatric critical disease scoring system, and incorporate mpox vaccines into the World Health Organization′s expanded programme on immunization.

Objective To develop the Ego Depletion Scale for Type 2 Diabetes Patients and evaluate its reliability and validity,and to provide a specific assessment tool for evaluating ego-depletion in self-management.Methods Guided by the self-control strength model,the initial scale was constructed through literature review,semi-structured interviews,2 rounds of expert consultation,and a pilot survey.A convenience sampling method was employed to recruit 460 patients with Type 2 Diabetes from the endocrinology department of a tertiary hospital in Wuhan,Hubei Province,between April and July 2024.They were randomly divided into 2 subsets for exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis.Results A total of 451 valid questionnaires were collected.Exploratory factor analysis extracted 6 common factors,with a cumulative variance contribution of 73.231％.In confirmatory factor analysis,an item was deleted due to failing to meet the standardized loading value criterion.The revised Ego Depletion Scale for Type 2 Diabetes Patients comprised 6 dimensions and 22 items.The total Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.911;split-half reliability was 0.744;the content validity index was 0.860.Correlation coefficients between the total score and scores of each dimension of the scale and the total score of the Self-Regulatory Fatigue Scale ranged from 0.558 to 0.946(P＜0.001).Conclusion The scale exhibits robust reliability and validity,serving as a scientifically instrument for assessing ego depletion in patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Objective:To analyze the characteristics of obstructive sleep apnea（OSA）in children with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS),and to improve the understanding of OSA during rapid eye movement sleep.Methods:The clinical data of 13 children with PWS aged 2-14 years admitted to Shenzhen Children's Hospital from June 2017 to June 2024 were retrospectively collected as the PWS group,and 12 children with snoring caused by adenoids,tonsil hypertrophy and/or obesity were selected as the control group.The gender,age,body mass index (BMI),obstructive apnea index (OAI),oxygen desaturation index (ODI),obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea index (OAHI),rapid eye movement period OAHI(OAHIrem),non-rapid eye movement period OAHI(OAHInrem) and OAHIrem/total sleep period OAHI ratio were compared between the two groups.Multivariate linear regression was used to assess the association between PWS and OAHIrem.Results:Among the 13 children in PWS group,there were 7 males and 6 females,with an average age of (7.63±4.05) years and an average BMI of (23.06±6.12) kg/m2.Among the 12 children in control group,there were 10 males and 2 females,with an average age of (7.28±3.92) years and an average BMI of (22.41±5.68) kg/m2.There were no statistically significant differences in age,gender,and BMI between the two groups ( P>0.05).All 13 children (100%) with PWS had OSA,with 8 cases (61.53%) of mild OSA and 5 cases (38.46%) of moderate to severe OSA.OAI and ODI in PWS group were significantly higher than those in control group ( P<0.05).OAHI and OAHInrem in PWS group were higher than those in control group,but the difference was not statistically significant ( P>0.05).OAHIrem and OAHIrem/ total sleep OAHI ratio were significantly higher than those in the control group,with statistical significance ( P<0.05).Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that PWS was significantly correlated with OAHIrem/ total sleep OAH ratio (square root) ( P=0.008). Conclusion:Children with PWS have a high incidence of OSA,with a high proportion of moderate to severe OSA.They are prone to OSA with hypoxemia during rapid eye movement sleep.It is recommended that respiratory monitoring of children with PWS during rapid eye movement sleep should be strengthened,and individualized treatment plan should be formulated according to the type and severity of OSA.

This review summarizes the concept and prescription classification of high-intensity interval training, its current application in cardiac rehabilitation, its effects on cardiac rehabilitation, and its feasibility. The goal is to provide a reference for the application and promotion of HIIT intervention in elderly patients with coronary heart disease in China.

Infectious diseases continue to pose a threat to global public health. Successive global shocks caused by emerging and re-emerging pathogens have continuously challenged existing surveillance systems, highlighting the urgent need to build efficient and precise pathogen surveillance networks. Pathogen genomic databases have been developed rapidly in recent two decades, significantly improving the molecular identification, evolutionary analysis, and transmission tracking of pathogens, and changing disease surveillance strategies and patterns. This paper summarizes the developmental history and current state of pathogen genomic databases, and discusses their applications in public health, including pathogen variation surveillance, emerging or suspected pathogen identification, and epidemiological tracing. Furthermore, this paper systematically analyzes the limitations and key challenges faced by current global health prevention and control system, and suggests the focus of the development of online pathogen databases to address existing shortcomings, ultimately improve global infectious disease surveillance and early warning

Since the global outbreak in 2022, the mpox epidemic has evolved from an African endemic to a public health emergency of international concern. The 2024 mpox outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo caused by the Clade Ⅰb lineage is yet another wake-up call, with markedly higher prevalence and fatality rates observed among children under 15 years of age, thereby presenting new challenges for the children. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen prevention and control, block mother-to-child transmission routes, and establish innovative models with active community participation to reduce the risk of mpox transmission. In the future, it is urgent to analyze molecular mechanisms underlying the mother-to-child transmission of the virus, develop targeted antiviral drugs, establish a pediatric critical disease scoring system, and incorporate mpox vaccines into the World Health Organization′s expanded programme on immunization.

Objective To develop the Ego Depletion Scale for Type 2 Diabetes Patients and evaluate its reliability and validity,and to provide a specific assessment tool for evaluating ego-depletion in self-management.Methods Guided by the self-control strength model,the initial scale was constructed through literature review,semi-structured interviews,2 rounds of expert consultation,and a pilot survey.A convenience sampling method was employed to recruit 460 patients with Type 2 Diabetes from the endocrinology department of a tertiary hospital in Wuhan,Hubei Province,between April and July 2024.They were randomly divided into 2 subsets for exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis.Results A total of 451 valid questionnaires were collected.Exploratory factor analysis extracted 6 common factors,with a cumulative variance contribution of 73.231％.In confirmatory factor analysis,an item was deleted due to failing to meet the standardized loading value criterion.The revised Ego Depletion Scale for Type 2 Diabetes Patients comprised 6 dimensions and 22 items.The total Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.911;split-half reliability was 0.744;the content validity index was 0.860.Correlation coefficients between the total score and scores of each dimension of the scale and the total score of the Self-Regulatory Fatigue Scale ranged from 0.558 to 0.946(P＜0.001).Conclusion The scale exhibits robust reliability and validity,serving as a scientifically instrument for assessing ego depletion in patients with Type 2 Diabetes.