Objective:To study the subacute oral toxic effect of p-chloro-m-xylphenol on rats and provide a basis for its safety evaluation.Methods:SPF-grade Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups according to body weight stratification randomization, with 20 rats in each group, half male and half female. The set concentrations of the p-chloro-m-xylphenol dose groups were 11.25, 22.50, and 45.00 mg/kg·BW respectively, with an intragastric volume of 10 ml/kg·BW. The blank control group was given the same amount of distilled water. The rats were treated with intragastric administration for 30 days. After intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg·BW pentobarbital sodium for anesthesia, bloodletting and death, the organs were separated and weighed. Blood was collected from the abdominal aorta to determine the hematological and serum biochemical indicators of the whole blood of rats. Multiple groups comparison was performed by one-way analysis of variance, and pairwise comparison between groups was performed by the least significant difference test or Dunnett-t3 test.Results:The kidney weight in the 45.00 mg/kg·BW dose group of female rats [ (1.59±0.11) g] was lower than that in the blank control group [ (1.71±0.12) g], and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . The percentage of monocytes in the 11.25 mg/kg·BW dose group of male rats [ (4.81±0.74) %] was lower than that in the blank control group [ (5.86±0.58) %], the red blood cell count [ (6.93±0.26) ×10 12/L] and hemoglobin [ (134.30±4.95) g/L] in the 22.50 mg/kg·BW dose group of female rats were both lower than those in the blank control group[ (7.48±0.26) ×10 12/L, (146.20±4.42) g/L], the percentage of eosinophils in the 11.25 mg/kg·BW dose group of female rats [ (2.46±0.86) %] was higher than that in the blank control group [ (1.66±0.41) %], and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:P-chloro-m-xylphenol may have toxic effects on the blood system of rats, and the kidneys may be the potential target organs for its toxicity.

Objective To analyze the stimulation parameters and acupoint selection law of electroacupuncture in the treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy(CSR)through data mining.Methods The clinical research literature about electroacupuncture in the treatment of CSR was retrieved from CNKI,Wanfang Data,VIP,PubMed and Web of Science from the establishment of the databases to September 2024.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,the literature was screened and the stimulation parameters and acupoint prescriptions were extracted.The association rule analysis was performed using SPSS Moderler 18.0 software,and clustering analysis was performed using SPSS Statistics 27.0 software.Results A total of 122 acupoint selection prescriptions for electroacupuncture treatment of CSR were extracted.The most commonly used stimulation parameters in electroacupuncture treatment of CSR were 2 Hz of continuous wave,2/100 Hz of dilatational wave,intensity tolerance,30 min/time,1 time/day,10 times/course,and a total of 20 treatments.The top 3 most commonly used acupoints were Jingjiaji,Houxi(SI3)and Fengchi(GB20);the meridians of acupoints were mainly the large intestine meridian,small intestine meridian and gallbladder meridian;the core prescription of association rule analysis was"Jingjiaji,Houxi,Quchi,Fengchi,Jianjing,Waiguan,Tianzhu,Hegu,Dazhui",and the acupoint combination with the highest support was"Jingjiaji-Houxi".5 clusters were obtained through clustering analysis.Conclusion In electroacupuncture treatment for CSR,the selection of acupoints is primarily aimed at unblocking meridians to relieve pain and nourishing the liver and kidney.The core acupoints group is Jingjiaji-Houxi;the stimulation parameters demonstrate a certain degree of regularity and clustering,primarily consisting of low-frequency continuous wave and alternating density wave of low and high frequencies.

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that vascular factors have an important impact on the occurrence of diabetic foot.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the important role of angiopoietin-like protein 4 in the formation of diabetic foot.METHODS:(1)Bioinformatics analysis was performed on the gene expression profile data of diabetic foot patients to find the key genes.The skin samples of diabetic foot patients and healthy people were collected for hematoxylin-eosin staining,immunohistochemical staining,and qRT-PCR experiments to detect the expression of angiopoietin-like protein 4.(2)The immortalized human skin fibroblast cell line and primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells were cultured.The two kinds of cells were divided into control group and exogenous angiopoietin-like protein 4 supplemented group.The migration ability and proliferation ability of fibroblasts were detected by scratch assay and CCK-8 assay.The proliferation ability of endothelial cells was detected by Ki67 assay.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Bioinformatics analysis results showed that the down-regulation of angiopoietin-like protein 4 gene might be the key gene leading to the formation of diabetic foot.(2)Hematoxylin-eosin staining exhibited that compared with normal skin,angiopoietin-like protein 4 was weakly expressed in diabetic foot skin,and the mRNA level was decreased(P＜0.01).(3)Scratch assay results demonstrated that compared with the control group,fibroblast migration ability was significantly enhanced in the angiopoietin-like protein 4 group.CCK-8 assay showed that the absorbance value of fibroblasts in the angiopoietin-like protein 4 group was higher than that of the control group at 24 and 48 hours(P＜0.01,P＜0.001).It is suggested that angiopoietin-like protein 4 can enhance the migration and proliferation of fibroblasts.(4)Ki67 assay results demonstrated that the number of Ki67 positive cells in the angiopoietin-like protein 4 group was significantly more than that in the control group.CCK-8 assay results showed that the absorbance value of endothelial cells in the angiopoietin-like protein 4 group was higher than that of the control group at 24 and 48 hours(P＜0.05,P＜0.001).(5)All findings suggest that angiopoietin-like protein 4 can enhance the proliferation of endothelial cells treated with high glucose.

Objective:To study the subacute oral toxic effect of p-chloro-m-xylphenol on rats and provide a basis for its safety evaluation.Methods:SPF-grade Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups according to body weight stratification randomization, with 20 rats in each group, half male and half female. The set concentrations of the p-chloro-m-xylphenol dose groups were 11.25, 22.50, and 45.00 mg/kg·BW respectively, with an intragastric volume of 10 ml/kg·BW. The blank control group was given the same amount of distilled water. The rats were treated with intragastric administration for 30 days. After intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg·BW pentobarbital sodium for anesthesia, bloodletting and death, the organs were separated and weighed. Blood was collected from the abdominal aorta to determine the hematological and serum biochemical indicators of the whole blood of rats. Multiple groups comparison was performed by one-way analysis of variance, and pairwise comparison between groups was performed by the least significant difference test or Dunnett-t3 test.Results:The kidney weight in the 45.00 mg/kg·BW dose group of female rats [ (1.59±0.11) g] was lower than that in the blank control group [ (1.71±0.12) g], and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . The percentage of monocytes in the 11.25 mg/kg·BW dose group of male rats [ (4.81±0.74) %] was lower than that in the blank control group [ (5.86±0.58) %], the red blood cell count [ (6.93±0.26) ×10 12/L] and hemoglobin [ (134.30±4.95) g/L] in the 22.50 mg/kg·BW dose group of female rats were both lower than those in the blank control group[ (7.48±0.26) ×10 12/L, (146.20±4.42) g/L], the percentage of eosinophils in the 11.25 mg/kg·BW dose group of female rats [ (2.46±0.86) %] was higher than that in the blank control group [ (1.66±0.41) %], and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:P-chloro-m-xylphenol may have toxic effects on the blood system of rats, and the kidneys may be the potential target organs for its toxicity.

Objective To analyze the stimulation parameters and acupoint selection law of electroacupuncture in the treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy(CSR)through data mining.Methods The clinical research literature about electroacupuncture in the treatment of CSR was retrieved from CNKI,Wanfang Data,VIP,PubMed and Web of Science from the establishment of the databases to September 2024.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,the literature was screened and the stimulation parameters and acupoint prescriptions were extracted.The association rule analysis was performed using SPSS Moderler 18.0 software,and clustering analysis was performed using SPSS Statistics 27.0 software.Results A total of 122 acupoint selection prescriptions for electroacupuncture treatment of CSR were extracted.The most commonly used stimulation parameters in electroacupuncture treatment of CSR were 2 Hz of continuous wave,2/100 Hz of dilatational wave,intensity tolerance,30 min/time,1 time/day,10 times/course,and a total of 20 treatments.The top 3 most commonly used acupoints were Jingjiaji,Houxi(SI3)and Fengchi(GB20);the meridians of acupoints were mainly the large intestine meridian,small intestine meridian and gallbladder meridian;the core prescription of association rule analysis was"Jingjiaji,Houxi,Quchi,Fengchi,Jianjing,Waiguan,Tianzhu,Hegu,Dazhui",and the acupoint combination with the highest support was"Jingjiaji-Houxi".5 clusters were obtained through clustering analysis.Conclusion In electroacupuncture treatment for CSR,the selection of acupoints is primarily aimed at unblocking meridians to relieve pain and nourishing the liver and kidney.The core acupoints group is Jingjiaji-Houxi;the stimulation parameters demonstrate a certain degree of regularity and clustering,primarily consisting of low-frequency continuous wave and alternating density wave of low and high frequencies.

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that vascular factors have an important impact on the occurrence of diabetic foot.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the important role of angiopoietin-like protein 4 in the formation of diabetic foot.METHODS:(1)Bioinformatics analysis was performed on the gene expression profile data of diabetic foot patients to find the key genes.The skin samples of diabetic foot patients and healthy people were collected for hematoxylin-eosin staining,immunohistochemical staining,and qRT-PCR experiments to detect the expression of angiopoietin-like protein 4.(2)The immortalized human skin fibroblast cell line and primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells were cultured.The two kinds of cells were divided into control group and exogenous angiopoietin-like protein 4 supplemented group.The migration ability and proliferation ability of fibroblasts were detected by scratch assay and CCK-8 assay.The proliferation ability of endothelial cells was detected by Ki67 assay.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Bioinformatics analysis results showed that the down-regulation of angiopoietin-like protein 4 gene might be the key gene leading to the formation of diabetic foot.(2)Hematoxylin-eosin staining exhibited that compared with normal skin,angiopoietin-like protein 4 was weakly expressed in diabetic foot skin,and the mRNA level was decreased(P＜0.01).(3)Scratch assay results demonstrated that compared with the control group,fibroblast migration ability was significantly enhanced in the angiopoietin-like protein 4 group.CCK-8 assay showed that the absorbance value of fibroblasts in the angiopoietin-like protein 4 group was higher than that of the control group at 24 and 48 hours(P＜0.01,P＜0.001).It is suggested that angiopoietin-like protein 4 can enhance the migration and proliferation of fibroblasts.(4)Ki67 assay results demonstrated that the number of Ki67 positive cells in the angiopoietin-like protein 4 group was significantly more than that in the control group.CCK-8 assay results showed that the absorbance value of endothelial cells in the angiopoietin-like protein 4 group was higher than that of the control group at 24 and 48 hours(P＜0.05,P＜0.001).(5)All findings suggest that angiopoietin-like protein 4 can enhance the proliferation of endothelial cells treated with high glucose.

Objective:To develop an Arteriovenous Fistula Physical Examination Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Scale for Hemodialysis Nurses and test its reliability and validity.Methods:Based on the theory of knowledge, attitude, and practice, a preliminary scale draft was formed through a literature review, three rounds of Delphi expert consultation, and a pre-survey. Using convenience sampling, 311 hemodialysis nurses were selected for a survey from December 2022 to February 2023 for item analysis, exploratory factor analysis and reliability testing. Another survey was conducted on 260 hemodialysis nurses from February to June 2023 for confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity, and discriminant validity testing.Results:The Arteriovenous Fistula Physical Examination Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Scale for Hemodialysis Nurses included three subscales and five dimensions, with a total of 33 items. The content validity index at the item level was 0.867 to 1.000, and the content validity index at the scale level was 0.992. After exploratory factor analysis, two, one, and two common factors were extracted from the knowledge, attitude, and practice subscales, with cumulative variance contribution rates of 70.114%, 75.192%, and 67.467%, respectively.Confirmatory:factor analysis showed that the model fitted well. The Cronbach's α coefficients of the three subscales were 0.929 to 0.943, the half reliability coefficients were 0.861 to 0.903, and the retest reliability coefficients were 0.824 to 0.874. Conclusions The Arteriovenous Fistula Physical Examination Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Scale for Hemodialysis Nurses has good reliability and validity and can be used to evaluate the physical examination ability of hemodialysis nurses for arteriovenous fistula.

Objective:To investigate the reproductive toxicity of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles (Nano-CdS) with different particle sizes on male mice.Methods:In January 2019, 30 SPF grade male mice were randomly divided into a control group, an experimental group[CdS Ⅰ group (particle size approximately 5 nm), and a CdS Ⅱ group (particle size approximately 50 nm) ], with 10 mice in each group. The experimental group was orally gavaged with 100 mg/kg, once a day, while the control group was gavaged with an equal volume of physiological saline for 45 consecutive days. After 45 days, levels of cadmium accumulation in testis were determined directly by AAS, deformity and testicular histopathological changes were also observed. Serum testosterone levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbentassay (ELISA), expression levels of P450scc, 17β-HSD and P450c17 mRNA were determined by real-time PCR. P450c17 protein was determinated by Western Blot.Results:The histopathological results showed that the testes of the experimental group mice showed varying degrees of damage; Ultrastructural observation showed that the ultrastructure of mouse testicular cells in each experimental group showed varying degrees of mitochondrial expansion and disappearance of cristae, as well as irregular nuclear membranes. The degree of damage in CdS Ⅰ group was milder than that in CdS Ⅱ group. Compared with the control group, the cadmium content in the testes of the CdS Ⅰ and CdS Ⅱ groups significantly increased ( P=0.001, 0.001), and the CdS Ⅱ group was higher than the CdS Ⅰ group ( P=0.001). Compared with the control group, the levels of testosterone in the CdS Ⅰ and CdS Ⅱ groups decreased with statistical significance ( P=0.001, 0.001). Real time fluorescence quantitative PCR results showed that compared with the control group, the experimental group's P450scc, 17β-HSD. The expression levels of 17β-HSD and P450c17 mRNA were significantly reduced, with statistically significant differences ( P=0.001, 0.001, 0.001), and CdS Ⅱ group 17β-HSD. The expression levels of 17β-HSD and P450c17 mRNA were significantly lower than those of CdS Ⅰ group ( P=0.001, 0.036). The Western Blot assay results showed that the expression levels of P450c17 protein in the testes of CdS Ⅰ and CdS Ⅱ groups of mice were significantly reduced, with statistical significance ( P=0.001, 0.001) ; And the CdS Ⅱ group was significantly lower than the CdS Ⅰ group ( P=0.001). According to Spearman correlation analysis, testosterone levels are correlated with P450scc, P450c17, 17β-HSD mRNA. There is a highly positive correlation between 17β-HSD mRNA levels, with statistically significant differences ( rs=0.88, 0.80, 0.70, P=0.001, 0.001, 0.004) . Conclusion:Nano cadmium sulfide may induce reproductive toxicity by reducing the expression levels of key enzyme genes and enzyme protein activity in testosterone and its synthesis in mice, and the CdS Ⅱ group has a stronger toxic effect.

H 1-antihistamines are widely used in the treatment of various allergic diseases, but there are still many challenges in the safe and rational use of H 1-antihistamines in pediatrics, and there is a lack of guidance on the prescription review of H 1-antihistamines for children.In this paper, suggestions are put forward from the indications, dosage, route of administration, pathophysiological characteristics of children with individual difference and drug interactions, so as to provide reference for clinicians and pharmacists.

Anti-seizure medications (ASMs) are the main therapy for epilepsy.There are many kinds of ASMs with complex mechanism of action, so it is difficult for pharmacists to examine prescriptions.This paper put forward some suggestions on the indications, dosage forms/routes of administration, appropriateness of usage and dosage, combined medication and drug interaction, long-term prescription review, individual differences in pathophysiology of children, and drug selection when complicated with common epilepsy, for the reference of doctors and pharmacists.