Background and purpose:Thyroid cancer is the most common malignant endocrine tumor,particularly prevalent among the Asian population.The overall survival for thyroid cancer patients is relatively high,but there are significant survival differences among patients.Based on long-term hospital-based cancer registry database,this study analyzed the 10-year observed overall survival(OS)rate of thyroid cancer cases and the distribution of causes of death,providing real-world evidences to further survival management of thyroid cancer in China.Methods:A total of 55343 thyroid cancer patients who underwent treatment at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer center from 2005 to 2021 were included in this study.Clinical information and the follow-up endpoint data were collected through medical records review,telephone visits and death registry data linkage.The last follow-up date was October 31,2024.Kaplan-Meier method was applied in evaluating the OS rate,and survival data were described by different subgroups as age group,gender,treatment period,tumor staging and pathological characteristics.The standardized mortality ratio(SMR)and absolute excess risk(AER)were calculated using general Shanghai population as the reference,and the mortality risk was described by gender,age at diagnosis and histological subtype.Results:With a median follow-up time of 63.01 months,the overall 1-,3-,5-and 10-year OS rates of thyroid cancer patients were 99.67%(95%CI:99.62%-99.72%),99.11%(95%CI:99.03%-99.19%),98.48%(95%CI:98.36%-98.60%)and 95.81%(95%CI:95.50%-96.11%),respectively.The 10-year OS rates of stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were 97.99%(95%CI:97.70%-98.28%),89.80%(95%CI:87.24%-92.37%),77.84%(95%CI:70.76%-84.92%)and 62.95%(95%CI:55.37%-70.54%),respectively.The differences in OS among patients with different age,gender and histological classification were significant.1256(2.27%)deaths occurred,of which 18.63%,50.88%and 7.32%were attributable to thyroid cancer,other cancers and cardiovascular disease(CVD),respectively.Compared with the general population,patients with different subtypes of thyroid cancer had higher all-cause mortality rates,progressively increasing with papillary,follicular,medullary and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma/poorly differentiated carcinoma.Compared with general population,the death risk was 2.24 times higher in papillary thyroid cancer patients(95%CI:2.06-2.44),9.94 times higher in follicular thyroid cancer patients(95%CI:6.79-14.09),12.16 times higher in medullary thyroid cancer patients(95%CI:8.05-17.69),and the highest risk was observed in patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma/poorly differentiated carcinoma[SMR=79.67(95%CI:58.38-106.31),AER=766.01/1 000 person-years].Conclusion:The 10-year long survival data and cause of death for thyroid cancer patients with different histological types were reported in China based on a large single institution hospital-based cancer registry database.Staging and histological characteristics were the most important factors directly affected the survival.Early diagnosis and individualized treatment are crucial for improving prognosis.

The plants of the genus Caragana Fabr. are desert plants of the Leguminosae family, which are widely used in traditional ethnomedicine, with the effects of nourishing Yin and nourishing blood, dispelling wind and removing dampness, clearing heat and detoxifying toxins. The anti-inflammatory effect of Caragana Fabr. has attracted much attention, the research on the related mechanism has made some progress, but it lacks systematic collation. By summarising the anti-inflammatory effects of the active ingredients of Caragana Fabr., the authors found that they have good anti-inflammatory activities on different inflammatory cell models in vitro, and have good improvement effects on rheumatoid arthritis, colitis, complex nephritis, and acute lung injury and other disease models. The anti-inflammatory effects of the active components of this genus mainly include the reduction of the levels of a variety of pro-inflammatory factors, and the signalling pathways involved mainly include TLR4/NF-κB, TLR4/MAPK, TLR4/NF-κB/IRF3, JAK/STAT-1, ERK/STAT-1 and so on. Therefore, the paper mainly reviews the research progress on the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of the Caragana Fabr. plants and their active components according to disease types, with a view to providing reference for the in-depth study of their anti-inflammatory activities and the development of new products with related functions.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the current status of self-medication behaviors and the demand preferences for pharmaceutical services among residents in Xining， providing a basis for developing pharmaceutical service intervention strategies tailored to regional characteristics. METHODS A self-designed questionnaire， developed based on literature review and revised after expert panel discussion and a pre-survey， was used to conduct anonymous surveys among residents purchasing medicines at 12 retail pharmacies in Xining area from April 2023 to April 2024. Descriptive analysis， Chi-square test， and Spearman correlation analysis were employed to analyze the characteristics and influencing factors of residents’ self-medication behaviors， and pharmaceutical service needs. RESULTS A total of 859 valid questionnaires were collected， with 605 respondents （70.43%） reporting self-medication behaviors. The primary reason for self-medication was mild symptoms （46.94%）. The main conditions treated were gastrointestinal discomfort （38.51%） and cold， fever， headache （35.37%）. Chinese patent medicines were the most commonly used （58.68%）. Drug selection relied mainly on recommendations by pharmacy staff （52.07%）， and retail pharmacies were the primary source of medicines （65.95%）. Dosage and administration were determined primarily by referring to the drug package insert （67.27%）， while a minority relied on personal experience （9.92%）. Notably， 20.33% of respondents never read the package insert before medication， with a higher tendency observed among ethnic minorities， farmers， and individuals with chronic diseases （P＜0.05）. While 65.29% of respondents reported partially understanding the insert content， those aged ≥60 years， ethnic minorities， and individuals with chronic diseases qhsrmyy-28） were more likely to report being completely unable to understand it （P＜0.05）. Self-medication was “often effective” for 52.73% of respondents， whereas 7.77%“ often experienced adverse drug reactions”； farmers were more prone to poor efficacy or adverse reactions （P＜0.05）. A majority （72.89%） of respondents residents believed it necessary to learn about self- medication knowledge， and 47.11% preferred to obtain pharmaceutical services through WeChat public accounts or mobile applications （APP）. CONCLUSIONS Self-medication is common among residents in Xining area. Issues such as neglecting to read package inserts and relying on personal experience are evident. It is essential to develop science popularization programs suitable for the characteristics of the local population and utilize digital platforms like WeChat public accounts and APP to disseminate self- medication knowledge， thereby enhancing residents’ awareness and capacity for rational medication use.

Objective:To investigate the value of a deep learning radiomics (DLR) nomogram model based on intra-tumoral and peri-tumoral MRI features for differentiating IgG4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD) from orbital mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma.Methods:This was a case-control study. The clinical and imaging data of 233 patients pathologically confirmed with either IgG4-ROD or orbital MALT lymphoma were retrospective collected between January 2020 and December 2024 from the Second Hospital of Jilin University (Center 1) and Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University (Center 2). Patients from Center 1 ( n=158) were used as the training cohort, while those from Center 2 ( n=75) served as the validation cohort. Among the cases, 102 were IgG4-ROD (70 in training, 32 in validation) and 131 were orbital MALT lymphoma (88 in training, 43 in validation). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent clinical imaging predictors and build a clinical imaging model. Based on T 1WI, T 2WI, and diffusion weighted images, intra-tumoral regions were manually delineated, a 2 mm peri-tumoral margin was automatically generated, and both regions were combined as a single region of interest for radiomics feature extraction. Deep learning features were extracted using a ResNet-50 backbone, and after feature selection and dimensionality reduction, a DLR model was constructed. The clinical imaging features and DLR features were integrated to build a combined nomogram model. Model performance in differentiating IgG4-ROD from orbital MALT lymphoma was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis. The area under the curve (AUC) were compared using the DeLong test. Results:Bilateral orbital involvement ( OR=1.983, 95% CI 1.166-2.843, P=0.046) and extraocular muscle involvement ( OR=1.246, 95% CI 1.079-1.764, P=0.015) were identified as independent predictors for distinguishing IgG4-ROD from orbital MALT lymphoma and were used to construct the clinical model. Fourteen features (9 radiomics and 5 deep learning features) were selected for the DLR model, and a nomogram was developed. In the training set, the AUCs for the clinical model, DLR model, and nomogram were 0.762 (95% CI 0.712-0.812), 0.865 (95% CI 0.822-0.908), and 0.943 (95% CI 0.909-0.953), respectively. In the validation set, the AUCs were 0.733 (95% CI 0.675-0.791), 0.823 (95% CI 0.762-0.884), and 0.924 (95% CI 0.902-0.958), respectively. The nomogram showed significantly higher AUCs than those of the clinical and DLR models alone (training set: Z=3.92, 2.87, P0.001, P=0.004; validation set: Z=3.25, 2.46, P=0.001, 0.014). Calibration curves indicated good agreement between predicted and actual IgG4-ROD incidence, and decision curve analysis demonstrated the highest net benefit for the nomogram. Conclusion:A nomogram that incorporates both intra-tumoral and peri-tumoral DLR features and clinical imaging characteristics demonstrates excellent performance in distinguishing IgG4-ROD from orbital MALT lymphoma.

The establishment of mouse models is critical for discovering the biological targets of tumorigenesis and cancer development, preclinical trials of targeted drugs, and formulation of personalized therapeutic regimens. Currently, the patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model is considered a reliable animal tumor model because of its ability to retain the characteristics of the primary tumor at the histopathological, molecular, and genetic levels, and to preserve the tumor microenvironment. The application of the PDX model has promoted in-depth research on tumors in recent years, focusing on drug development, tumor target discovery, and precise treatment of patients. However, there are still some common questions. This review introduces the latest research progress and common questions regarding tumors with high mortality rates, focusing on their application in targeted drug screening and the formulation of personalized medical strategies. The challenges faced, improvement methods, and future development of the PDX model in tumor treatment applications are also discussed. This article provides technical guidance and comprehensive expectations for anti-cancer drug screening and clinical personalized therapy.

Objective:To investigate the value of a deep learning radiomics (DLR) nomogram model based on intra-tumoral and peri-tumoral MRI features for differentiating IgG4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD) from orbital mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma.Methods:This was a case-control study. The clinical and imaging data of 233 patients pathologically confirmed with either IgG4-ROD or orbital MALT lymphoma were retrospective collected between January 2020 and December 2024 from the Second Hospital of Jilin University (Center 1) and Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University (Center 2). Patients from Center 1 ( n=158) were used as the training cohort, while those from Center 2 ( n=75) served as the validation cohort. Among the cases, 102 were IgG4-ROD (70 in training, 32 in validation) and 131 were orbital MALT lymphoma (88 in training, 43 in validation). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent clinical imaging predictors and build a clinical imaging model. Based on T 1WI, T 2WI, and diffusion weighted images, intra-tumoral regions were manually delineated, a 2 mm peri-tumoral margin was automatically generated, and both regions were combined as a single region of interest for radiomics feature extraction. Deep learning features were extracted using a ResNet-50 backbone, and after feature selection and dimensionality reduction, a DLR model was constructed. The clinical imaging features and DLR features were integrated to build a combined nomogram model. Model performance in differentiating IgG4-ROD from orbital MALT lymphoma was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis. The area under the curve (AUC) were compared using the DeLong test. Results:Bilateral orbital involvement ( OR=1.983, 95% CI 1.166-2.843, P=0.046) and extraocular muscle involvement ( OR=1.246, 95% CI 1.079-1.764, P=0.015) were identified as independent predictors for distinguishing IgG4-ROD from orbital MALT lymphoma and were used to construct the clinical model. Fourteen features (9 radiomics and 5 deep learning features) were selected for the DLR model, and a nomogram was developed. In the training set, the AUCs for the clinical model, DLR model, and nomogram were 0.762 (95% CI 0.712-0.812), 0.865 (95% CI 0.822-0.908), and 0.943 (95% CI 0.909-0.953), respectively. In the validation set, the AUCs were 0.733 (95% CI 0.675-0.791), 0.823 (95% CI 0.762-0.884), and 0.924 (95% CI 0.902-0.958), respectively. The nomogram showed significantly higher AUCs than those of the clinical and DLR models alone (training set: Z=3.92, 2.87, P0.001, P=0.004; validation set: Z=3.25, 2.46, P=0.001, 0.014). Calibration curves indicated good agreement between predicted and actual IgG4-ROD incidence, and decision curve analysis demonstrated the highest net benefit for the nomogram. Conclusion:A nomogram that incorporates both intra-tumoral and peri-tumoral DLR features and clinical imaging characteristics demonstrates excellent performance in distinguishing IgG4-ROD from orbital MALT lymphoma.

Background and purpose:Thyroid cancer is the most common malignant endocrine tumor,particularly prevalent among the Asian population.The overall survival for thyroid cancer patients is relatively high,but there are significant survival differences among patients.Based on long-term hospital-based cancer registry database,this study analyzed the 10-year observed overall survival(OS)rate of thyroid cancer cases and the distribution of causes of death,providing real-world evidences to further survival management of thyroid cancer in China.Methods:A total of 55343 thyroid cancer patients who underwent treatment at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer center from 2005 to 2021 were included in this study.Clinical information and the follow-up endpoint data were collected through medical records review,telephone visits and death registry data linkage.The last follow-up date was October 31,2024.Kaplan-Meier method was applied in evaluating the OS rate,and survival data were described by different subgroups as age group,gender,treatment period,tumor staging and pathological characteristics.The standardized mortality ratio(SMR)and absolute excess risk(AER)were calculated using general Shanghai population as the reference,and the mortality risk was described by gender,age at diagnosis and histological subtype.Results:With a median follow-up time of 63.01 months,the overall 1-,3-,5-and 10-year OS rates of thyroid cancer patients were 99.67%(95%CI:99.62%-99.72%),99.11%(95%CI:99.03%-99.19%),98.48%(95%CI:98.36%-98.60%)and 95.81%(95%CI:95.50%-96.11%),respectively.The 10-year OS rates of stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were 97.99%(95%CI:97.70%-98.28%),89.80%(95%CI:87.24%-92.37%),77.84%(95%CI:70.76%-84.92%)and 62.95%(95%CI:55.37%-70.54%),respectively.The differences in OS among patients with different age,gender and histological classification were significant.1256(2.27%)deaths occurred,of which 18.63%,50.88%and 7.32%were attributable to thyroid cancer,other cancers and cardiovascular disease(CVD),respectively.Compared with the general population,patients with different subtypes of thyroid cancer had higher all-cause mortality rates,progressively increasing with papillary,follicular,medullary and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma/poorly differentiated carcinoma.Compared with general population,the death risk was 2.24 times higher in papillary thyroid cancer patients(95%CI:2.06-2.44),9.94 times higher in follicular thyroid cancer patients(95%CI:6.79-14.09),12.16 times higher in medullary thyroid cancer patients(95%CI:8.05-17.69),and the highest risk was observed in patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma/poorly differentiated carcinoma[SMR=79.67(95%CI:58.38-106.31),AER=766.01/1 000 person-years].Conclusion:The 10-year long survival data and cause of death for thyroid cancer patients with different histological types were reported in China based on a large single institution hospital-based cancer registry database.Staging and histological characteristics were the most important factors directly affected the survival.Early diagnosis and individualized treatment are crucial for improving prognosis.

Objective To screen key autophagy-related genes in alcoholic hepatitis (AH) and investigate potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AH. Methods Two AH gene chips in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and autophagy-related data sets obtained from MSigDB and GeneCards databases were used, and the key genes were verified and obtained by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). The screened key genes were subject to gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), protein-protein interaction (PPI) and immune infiltration analyses. Messenger RNA (mRNA)- microRNA (miRNA) network was constructed to analyze the expression differences of key autophagy-related genes during different stages of AH, which were further validated by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in the liver tissues of AH patients and mice. Results Eleven autophagy-related genes were screened in AH (EEF1A2, CFTR, SOX4, TREM2, CTHRC1, HSPB8, TUBB3, PRKAA2, RNASE1, MTCL1 and HGF), all of which were up-regulated. In the liver tissues of AH patients and mice, the relative expression levels of SOX4, TREM2, HSPB8 and PRKAA2 in the AH group were higher than those in the control group. Conclusions SOX4, TREM2, HSPB8 and PRKAA2 may be potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AH.

Objective To analyze the effect of immune function on the condition and prognosis of asthma in children with asthma. Methods A total of 148 children with asthma diagnosed in Qinghai women and children's Hospital from January 2018 to January 2021 were included in the analysis, the immune function of the children was determined, and the information of all children was followed up for 6 months after treatment; compared The condition and follow-up prognosis of children with immunocompromised and normal immune function were analyzed and discussed, and the correlation between the expression levels of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM) and the condition and short-term recurrence prognosis (6 months) of children was analyzed and discussed, so as to guide Prevention and clinical work. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS19.0. Results The average age of 148 children with recurrent respiratory tract infection in the study was (8.94±3.65) years old, including 70 male children. The condition of the children was evaluated and classified into mild/severe cases: 148 children in this study included mild cases. There were 98 cases and 50 severe cases. There were more males and lower BMI levels in severe children (P<0.05) . The levels of IgG, IgA and IgM in children were all lower in severe children (P<0.05) . The follow-up found that the proportion of relapses in critically ill children was higher (P<0.05). Comparing the levels of IgG, IgA, and IgM in mild and severe children, the average levels of IgG, IgA, and IgM in severe children were lower than those in the mild group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); recurrence within 6 months of follow-up Prognostic evaluation showed that 19 of the 148 children had relapse, and the levels of IgG, IgA, and IgM in severe relapsed children were significantly lower than those without relapse (P<0.05). Analysis of the relevant factors potentially affecting the prognosis of recurrence showed that gender (female) (OR=1.726) , BMI level (weight loss) (OR=1.613) , IgG expression level factor (low expression) (OR=1.898) , IgA expression Level factor (low expression) (OR=3.509) , IgM expression level factor (low expression) (OR=3.217) and disease factor (severe) (OR=3.619) were potential risk factors, which would increase the risk of poor prognosis. Conclusion The asthma attack in children with immunocompromised immune function is relatively severe, and the short-term recurrence probability is higher, which deserves clinical attention and preventive intervention.

OBJECTIVE To improve the quality standard of Yi medicine Gynura japonica， and to evaluate its quality. METHODS Using 15 batches of G. japonica from different producing areas as samples， the contents of water， total ash， acid- insoluble ash and water-soluble extract were determined according to the method stated in part Ⅳ of Chinese Pharmacopoeia （2020 edition）. The contents of total alkaloid （calculated by senecionine） was determined by UV spectrophotometry. The contents of senecionine and seneciphylline were determined by HPLC. Using above 7 indexes as evaluation indexes， cluster heat map analysis， principal component analysis （PCA） and entropy weight approximation ideal ranking （TOPSIS） were used to evaluate the quality of medicinal material comprehensively. RESULTS Among 15 batches of G. japonica， the moisture contents were 8.88%-12.60%， the total ash contents were 4.43%-11.02%， the acid-insoluble ash contents were 0.56%-3.45%， the water-soluble extract contents were 21.71%-53.91%， the total alkaloid contents （calculated by senecionine） were 0.15%-0.39%， and the contents of senecionine and seneciphylline were 0.01% -0.05% and 0.01%-0.06% respectively. According to the results of various indicators， it was preliminarily proposed that the water content in the sample of G. japonica should not exceed 13.00%， the total ash content should not exceed 11.50%， the acid-insoluble ash content should not exceed 3.70%， the water-soluble extract should not be less than 20.70%， the total alkaloid content should not be less than 0.15%， the contents of senecionine and seneciphylline should not be less than 0.01% both. The results of cluster heat map analysis showed that the 15 batches of samples could be divided into four categories； the results of PCA and TOPSIS showed that the samples with high-quality ranking were jsq-2， jsq-5， jsq-6 and jsq-10， and the samples with low-quality ranking were jsq-4， jsq-13 and jsq-14. CONCLUSIONS In this study， the quantitative analysis method of total alkaloids （calculated by senecionine）， senecionine and seneciphylline in G. japonica is established， and the limits of each index are preliminarily determined. Among 15 batches of samples， the qualities of medicinal material collected from Linza Village of Ganluo County of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture， Machangping Village of Luojishan Town of Puge County of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture and other places are better.