ObjectiveTo systematically retrieve， analyze， and summarize the basic information and clinical research evidence of Chinese patent medicines （CPMs） for endometriosis via a scoping review method. MethodsCPMs indicated for EM were identified from three major drug lists， CNKI， clinical guidelines， and textbooks. Relevant clinical studies were retrieved from eight Chinese and English databases from inception to April 1， 2025. Key data from included studies were extracted to analyze characteristics of CPMs and their clinical evidence. ResultsA total of 18 CPMs were included， among which those with blood-activating and stasis-resolving effects accounted for the highest proportion. Constituent herbs predominantly exhibited sweet， bitter， and pungent flavors， with tropism to the liver and spleen meridians. Daily treatment costs varied substantially across CPMs. The 438 included studies involved 13 CPMs， among which Guizhi Fuling capsules/pills， Sanjie Zhentong capsules， and Dan'e Fukang soft extract/granules were the most extensively studied. Randomized controlled trials （RCTs） were the predominant study design. The most common comparison was between CPMs combined with Western medicine and Western medicine alone. The largest number of studies reported a sample size of 51-100 cases. The high-frequency outcome indicators covered 10 domains， including clinical response rate， adverse reactions， female hormone levels， serum CA125 levels， and recurrence status. ConclusionMultiple oral CPMs demonstrate efficacy in EM management， yet inadequate safety profiles persist in drug labeling. The annual number of clinical studies on oral CPMs for endometriosis showed an overall increasing trend. However， clinical research has shortcomings including uneven distribution of CPMs， small sample sizes， and suboptimal methodological rigor. Future efforts should focus on updating drug indications and safety information in package inserts， conducting high-quality clinical research， and generating more robust evidence to support the clinical use of oral CPMs for EM.

ObjectiveTo systematically retrieve， analyze， and summarize the basic information and clinical research evidence of Chinese patent medicines （CPMs） for endometriosis via a scoping review method. MethodsCPMs indicated for EM were identified from three major drug lists， CNKI， clinical guidelines， and textbooks. Relevant clinical studies were retrieved from eight Chinese and English databases from inception to April 1， 2025. Key data from included studies were extracted to analyze characteristics of CPMs and their clinical evidence. ResultsA total of 18 CPMs were included， among which those with blood-activating and stasis-resolving effects accounted for the highest proportion. Constituent herbs predominantly exhibited sweet， bitter， and pungent flavors， with tropism to the liver and spleen meridians. Daily treatment costs varied substantially across CPMs. The 438 included studies involved 13 CPMs， among which Guizhi Fuling capsules/pills， Sanjie Zhentong capsules， and Dan'e Fukang soft extract/granules were the most extensively studied. Randomized controlled trials （RCTs） were the predominant study design. The most common comparison was between CPMs combined with Western medicine and Western medicine alone. The largest number of studies reported a sample size of 51-100 cases. The high-frequency outcome indicators covered 10 domains， including clinical response rate， adverse reactions， female hormone levels， serum CA125 levels， and recurrence status. ConclusionMultiple oral CPMs demonstrate efficacy in EM management， yet inadequate safety profiles persist in drug labeling. The annual number of clinical studies on oral CPMs for endometriosis showed an overall increasing trend. However， clinical research has shortcomings including uneven distribution of CPMs， small sample sizes， and suboptimal methodological rigor. Future efforts should focus on updating drug indications and safety information in package inserts， conducting high-quality clinical research， and generating more robust evidence to support the clinical use of oral CPMs for EM.

The mechanism of L-perilla alcohol(L-POH) in intervening hypoxic pulmonary hypertension(HPAH) was discussed based on network pharmacology, and experimental verification. The active components and potential targets of the volatile oil of Rhodiola tangutica(VORA) in the intervention of HPAH were screened by network pharmacology. The biological process of Gene Ontology(GO) and the signaling pathway enrichment of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) were analyzed for the core targets, and a "component-common target-disease" network was constructed. Four active components were screened from VORA: L-POH, linalool, geraniol, and(-)-myrtenol. The core targets for treating HPAH were HSP90AA1, AKT1, ESR1, PIK3CA, EP300, EGFR, and JAK2. GO enrichment analysis mainly involved biological processes such as reaction to hypoxia, heme binding, and steroid binding. KEGG enrichment analysis mainly involved hypoxia-inducing factor 1(HIF-1) signaling pathway, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway, and Janus kinase/activator of signal transduction and transcription(JAK/STAT) signaling pathway. The vasodilation effects of the four active components were screened by perfusion experiment of extracorporeal vascular rings, and the mechanism of the main active component L-POH was studied by channel blockers. The inhibitory effects of the four active components on the proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells(PASMCs) induced by hypoxia were screened by cell proliferation experiment, and the mechanism of the main active component L-POH was studied by flow cytometry, cell cycle experiment, and Western blot. The results showed that L-POH could directly act on vascular smooth muscle to relax pulmonary arterioles, induce ATP-sensitive potassium channels to open, and inhibit extracellular Ca~(2+) influx through voltage-gated calcium channels to relax blood vessels. In addition, L-POH could inhibit the abnormal proliferation of PASMCs induced by hypoxia and promote its apoptosis, and its mechanism may be related to the increase in Bax protein expression and the decrease in p-JAK2, p-STAT3, Bcl-2, and cyclinA2 protein expression. In summary, L-POH can interfere with HPAH by relaxing pulmonary arterioles and inhibiting the proliferation of smooth muscle cells.
Network Pharmacology ; Animals ; Hypertension, Pulmonary/physiopathology* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Rats ; Hypoxia/metabolism* ; Rhodiola/chemistry* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Humans ; Monoterpenes/chemistry* ; Male ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

This study aims to systematically review and evaluate the quality of clinical research on the treatment of adenomyosis(AM) with traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) in recent ten years, using evidence graphs. Computer searches were conducted on eight Chinese and English databases, commonly used guideline databases, and guideline-related websites, covering the period from January 1, 2014, to October 1, 2024. Two researchers independently screened, extracted information, and evaluated the quality of the evidence. The distribution and quality of the clinical research evidence were presented using both text and charts. A total of 565 articles were included in the study, comprising 523 intervention studies, 23 observational studies, 18 systematic reviews/Meta-analysis, and 1 guideline. The overall publication volume has shown a downward trend in past two years. The sample sizes of the intervention and observational studies primarily focused on 60 to 120 cases. The intervention schemes mainly involved multi-therapy combinations, including 33 classic prescriptions and 25 Chinese patent medicines. Among these, 48 studies related to 17 classic prescriptions and 45 studies related to 10 types of Chinese patent medicines involved TCM syndrome types. Randomized controlled trial(RCT) tended to focus on overall clinical efficacy and the degree of dysmenorrhea as key outcome measures. Methodological quality issues were found in 97 RCTs related to TCM decoctions and 131 RCTs related to Chinese patent medicines, primarily involving unclear explanations of some information. The AMSTAR scores for the 18 systematic reviews/Meta-analysis ranged from 1 to 8 points, with 16 studies suggesting "evidence of potential therapeutic efficacy". The recommended level for the one included guideline was B-level. TCM shows significant advantages in treating AM. Future clinical research should further standardize study designs, reference relevant reporting guidelines, improve the quality of clinical research, generate higher-level evidence-based results, and promote the high-quality development of clinical research on TCM for treating AM.
Humans ; Adenomyosis/drug therapy* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Female ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

Aim To investigate the effects of dagliflozin (DAPA) on atrial tachyarrhythmia (AT) in rats with right heart failure (RHF) due to pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and the underlying mechanisms. Methods Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group (CTL group), model group (MCT group), MCT + low-dose DAPA intervention group (MCT + LD group) and MCT + high-dose DAPA intervention group (MCT + HD group). After 35 days of continuous intervention, the model and cardiac function evaluation, atrial structural remodelling assessment, inflammatory factor detection, and in vivo cardiac electrophysiology experiments were completed. Results DAPA reduced menn pulmonaryarterial pressure (mPAP) and menn right ventricular pressure (mRVP) in the model rats (P <0.05), attenuated the inflammatory response (P < 0.05), reduced right atrial fibrosis (P <0.05), reduced AT induction rate (P < 0.05) and mean atrial tachyarrhythmia duration (MATD) (P < 0.05), the extent of which was more pronounced in the high-dose DAPA intervention group. Conclusions DAPA can reduce AT susceptibility in PAH-induced RHF rats, and the mechanisms may be related to the inhibition of systemic inflammation and anti-atrial fibrosis by DAPA.

Objective To study the role of complement C3a receptor (C3aR) in cognitive impairment in rats with sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), and to explore the possible mechanism. Methods Totally 132 rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (sham group) and sepsis group (CLP group). The initial number of each group was 66 animals, and 22 animals were set at each time point. The SD rat CLP animal model was constructed, and serum and brain (hippocampus and prefrontal cortex) samples were collected at day 1, day 15 and day 30 after operation. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 in the samples were determined by ELISA. Western blotting detected Tau protein (Tau), phosphorylated Taup-Tauand C3aR expression in brain samples. Totally 66 rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, sham operation group, CLP group and C3aR antagonist(C3aRa) intervention group. On 15th, 17th, and 19th days after CLP, C3aRa intervened in rats, and they received inhibition avoidance test and object recognition test 30 days after CLP. The expressions of C3aR, lonized calcium binding adapter molecule 1(Iba1), GFAP and p-Tau in the hippocampus were detected by immunofluorescence. Results Compared with the sham group, the serum and brain tissue (TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6) of rats in the CLP group first increased and then decreased within 30 days after CLP. In the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of CLP group, Tau phosphorylation was significantly enhanced at day 30 and day 1 and 15 after surgery, respectively (P<0.05). Compared with the sham group, C3aR protein levels in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of rats in CLP group increased significantly at day 15 and 30 after operation (P<0.05). Compared with the CLP group, the endogenous C3aR content decreased significantly after C3aRa intervention (P<0.05), and Iba1, GFAP and p-Tau immunostaining were significantly inhibited (P<0.05). The C3aRa intervention in CLP rats reversed the cognitive impairment. Conclusion C3aR plays an important role in the development of biochemical and behavioral changes commonly associated with the onset of sepsis-induced neurodegenerative processes. C3aRa can be injected into the hippocampus to counteract the neurodegenerative process induced by sepsis.

Objective: To study the consumption of beverages among senior primary school students in rural and pastoral areas of Qinghai Province, China, in order to provide evidence for the development of nutrition and intervention strategies. Methods: A multi stage stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to select 969 primary school students in grades 4 and 5 from 10 schools in Hainan Autonomous Prefecture, Haixi Autonomous Prefecture and Haidong City. All participants completed a questionnaire survey on daily beverage consumption. The Chi square test was performed to compare differences in reported rates of beverage consumption among students in different groups. Results: The proportion of students who consumed beverages at home, school and elsewhere were 96.9%, 64.5% and 84.9%, respectively. The most popular beverages consumed at home were milk and yogurt ( 63.1 %), tea water (53.0%), and tea drinks (52.4%). The most popular beverages consumed at school were tea(29.8%), milk and yogurt (27.8%) and tea drinks (18.4%), while the most popular beverages consumed in other places were tea drinks ( 42.0 %), carbonated drinks (38.1%) and milk and yogurt (35.0%). The top five reasons for choosing a given beverage were taste delicious (81.2%), nutritious (57.6%),healthy and clean(52.6%),many students like to drink(39.6%),family members often drink(37.7%). Conclusion The consumption of beverages was popular among students, and sugared beverages represented a large proportion of the beverages consumed. Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve the food environment and provide effective nutrition education for students, so as to encourage the consumption of healthy beverages and cultivate healthy eating behaviors.

Objective: To understand the current situation of food intake frequency among schoolage children in agricultural and pastoral areas of Qinghai Province, and to provide a scientific basis for local education departments and schools to formulate scientific nutrition improvement plans and measures. Methods: A multi stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 969 fourth and fifth grade primary school students from 10 primary schools in Hainan Autonomous Prefecture, Haixi Autonomous Prefecture and Haidong City. All the participants were investigated with a questionnaire survey of dietary behaviors. Results: For the fourth and fifth grade primary school students, the highest proportion of "eaten almost every day" were cereal and tuber ( 84.3 %) and fruits (44.6%), and the highest proportion of "barely eaten" was aquatic product (68.1%) and nutritious supplementary (45.9%). The intake of livestock meat and poultry, fishery products, beverages and nutritional supplements of boys was higher than that of girls（ Z =-2.46，-2.46，-2.43，-2.37， P ＜0.05）. The intake of livestock meat and poultry and snacks of fifth grade students was higher than that of fourth grade students, while the intake of fishery products was lower than that of fourth grade students（ Z = -2.66 ，-4.33，-2.65， P ＜0.05）. Conclusion The frequency of food intake varies among students of differences genders, grades, areas, boarding situation and urbanities. Relevant departments should improve nutrition improvement plans for school age children with different characteristics. Schools and families should carry out nutrition education works to cultivate healthy eating behaviors of students.

Objective: To analyze the clinical epidemiological characteristics including composition of pathogens , clinical characteristics, and disease prognosis acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) in Chinese children. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical and laboratory data of 1 610 children <15 years of age with ABM in 33 tertiary hospitals in China from January 2019 to December 2020. Patients were divided into different groups according to age,<28 days group, 28 days to <3 months group, 3 months to <1 year group, 1-<5 years of age group, 5-<15 years of age group; etiology confirmed group and clinically diagnosed group according to etiology diagnosis. Non-numeric variables were analyzed with the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, while non-normal distrituction numeric variables were compared with nonparametric test. Results: Among 1 610 children with ABM, 955 were male and 650 were female (5 cases were not provided with gender information), and the age of onset was 1.5 (0.5, 5.5) months. There were 588 cases age from <28 days, 462 cases age from 28 days to <3 months, 302 cases age from 3 months to <1 year of age group, 156 cases in the 1-<5 years of age and 101 cases in the 5-<15 years of age. The detection rates were 38.8% (95/245) and 31.5% (70/222) of Escherichia coli and 27.8% (68/245) and 35.1% (78/222) of Streptococcus agalactiae in infants younger than 28 days of age and 28 days to 3 months of age; the detection rates of Streptococcus pneumonia, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus agalactiae were 34.3% (61/178), 14.0% (25/178) and 13.5% (24/178) in the 3 months of age to <1 year of age group; the dominant pathogens were Streptococcus pneumoniae and the detection rate were 67.9% (74/109) and 44.4% (16/36) in the 1-<5 years of age and 5-<15 years of age . There were 9.7% (19/195) strains of Escherichia coli producing ultra-broad-spectrum β-lactamases. The positive rates of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture and blood culture were 32.2% (515/1 598) and 25.0% (400/1 598), while 38.2% (126/330)and 25.3% (21/83) in CSF metagenomics next generation sequencing and Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen detection. There were 4.3% (32/790) cases of which CSF white blood cell counts were normal in etiology confirmed group. Among 1 610 children with ABM, main intracranial imaging complications were subdural effusion and (or) empyema in 349 cases (21.7%), hydrocephalus in 233 cases (14.5%), brain abscess in 178 cases (11.1%), and other cerebrovascular diseases, including encephalomalacia, cerebral infarction, and encephalatrophy, in 174 cases (10.8%). Among the 166 cases (10.3%) with unfavorable outcome, 32 cases (2.0%) died among whom 24 cases died before 1 year of age, and 37 cases (2.3%) had recurrence among whom 25 cases had recurrence within 3 weeks. The incidences of subdural effusion and (or) empyema, brain abscess and ependymitis in the etiology confirmed group were significantly higher than those in the clinically diagnosed group (26.2% (207/790) vs. 17.3% (142/820), 13.0% (103/790) vs. 9.1% (75/820), 4.6% (36/790) vs. 2.7% (22/820), χ²=18.71, 6.20, 4.07, all P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the unfavorable outcomes, mortility, and recurrence between these 2 groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions: The onset age of ABM in children is usually within 1 year of age, especially <3 months. The common pathogens in infants <3 months of age are Escherichia coli and Streptococcus agalactiae, and the dominant pathogen in infant ≥3 months is Streptococcus pneumoniae. Subdural effusion and (or) empyema and hydrocephalus are common complications. ABM should not be excluded even if CSF white blood cell counts is within normal range. Standardized bacteriological examination should be paid more attention to increase the pathogenic detection rate. Non-culture CSF detection methods may facilitate the pathogenic diagnosis.
Adolescent ; Brain Abscess ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Escherichia coli ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Meningitis, Bacterial/epidemiology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Streptococcus agalactiae ; Streptococcus pneumoniae ; Subdural Effusion ; beta-Lactamases