Objective To systematically analyze the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and epidemiological trends of tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer (TBL) disease burden attributed to air pollution globally and in China and the United States from 1990 to 2021, and to assess the patterns of disease burden changes from 2022 to 2031 based on predictive models, providing a scientific basis for formulating targeted TBL prevention and control strategies. Methods Based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database, we analyzed the disease burden data of TBL attributed to air pollution globally and in China and the United States from 1990 to 2021. R Studio 4.3.2 software was used to analyze the corresponding trends and the Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) prediction model was used to predict the status of the disease burden of TBL attributed to air pollution in the world and in China and the United States from 2022 to 2031. Results In 2021, China had the highest number of deaths and disability-adjusted life years attributed to air pollution (211 400 patients and 4.8947 million person-years), followed by the United States (6 000 patients and 124 300 person-years). The age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years rate (ASDR) of TBL due to air pollution in the world and in China and the United States showed a decreasing trend. From 1990 to 2021, the ASMR and ASDR of TBL in China due to air pollution were much higher than those in the United States and the global average. In terms of gender, from 1990 to 2021, the disease burden of male patients with TBL attributed to air pollution was much higher than that of female patients. The BAPC prediction model showed that from 2022 to 2031, the ASMR and ASDR of TBL attributed to air pollution showed an upward trend globally, while they showed a downward trend in China and the United States. Conclusion Over the past 30 years, the air pollution-related TBL disease burden in the world and in China and the United States has continued to decline, but China's disease burden is still significantly higher than the global average. The disease burden in men far exceeds that in women, with men and the population aged ≥50 years being high-risk groups. In the future, the global disease trend may reverse and rise, while China and the United States are expected to continuously decline. However, precise prevention and control for high-risk groups remains a key challenge.

Objective To systematically analyze the characteristics of the disease burden of hypertensive heart disease (HHD) in the elderly (≥60 years) globally and in China from 1990 to 2021, and to predict its future trends from 2022 to 2040, with the aim of providing data support for optimizing comprehensive prevention and control strategies for HHD. Methods Based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database, the number of prevalent cases and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of HHD in the elderly were extracted for the world, China, and five regions categorized by sociodemographic index (SDI). Joinpoint regression was used to analyze the temporal trends of age-standardized prevalence rate and age-standardized DALYs rate of HHD in the elderly. A three-factor decomposition method was applied to evaluate the relative contributions of aging, population growth, and epidemiological changes to the variations in the elderly HHD burden. Additionally, a Bayesian age-period-cohort model was used to predict the elderly HHD burden from 2022 to 2040. Results In 2021, the number of prevalent elderly HHD cases reached 10 283 000 globally and 3 412 400 in China, representing increases of 179.20% and 159.20% respectively, compared with 1990. The DALYs of elderly HHD were 18 812 700 person-years globally and 4 731 400 person-years in China, rising by 76.08% and 29.45% respectively from 1990. Meanwhile, the growth rates of the number of prevalent cases and DALYs of elderly HHD varied across different SDI regions. From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized prevalence rate of elderly HHD in China, as well as the age-standardized DALYs rate of elderly HHD both globally and in China, showed significant downward trends (all average annual percentage changes<0, all P<0.001). In 2021, the 70-74 years age group accounted for the highest proportion of prevalent cases and DALYs of elderly HHD, both globally and in China. Decomposition analysis revealed that population growth was the dominant factor driving the increase in the elderly HHD burden across all regions. The prediction model results indicated that the number of prevalent cases and DALYs of elderly HHD would continue to rise globally and in China from 2022 to 2040, with the growth rate of the elderly HHD burden in China between 2021 and 2040 expected to exceed the global average. Conclusion Over the past 32 years, although the age-standardized disease rates of elderly HHD have mainly shown a downward trend globally and in China, the absolute number of the disease burden has increased substantially. The projection model indicates a continued upward trajectory, with the growth rate in China higher than the global average. Therefore, there is an urgent need to implement precise prevention and control strategies to effectively mitigate the disease burden of elderly HHD.

Objective To investigate the effect of ubiquitin specific peptidase 22 (USP22) on the occurrence and development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) under hypoxic conditions, and its regulatory relationship with hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). Methods Western blotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the differences in USP22 protein and mRNA expression between normal esophageal epithelial cells HEEC and ESCC cell lines KYSE30, KYSE150, EC9706, and TE-1 under normoxic (5% CO2, 20% O2, 75% N2) and hypoxic (5% CO2, 1% O2, 94% N2) conditions. By transfecting USP22 plasmid or siUSP22, ESCC cells were divided into a normoxia control group, a normoxia+USP22 group, a normoxia+siUSP22 group, a hypoxia control group, a hypoxia+USP22 group, and a hypoxia+siUSP22 group. The proliferation and migration abilities of cells in each group were detected. The expression of USP22 and HIF-1α under hypoxic conditions after up-regulating or down-regulating USP22 was detected, and their regulatory relationship was verified. The interaction between USP22 and HIF-1α was verified by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) technique. Results Compared with HEEC cells, the expression of USP22 in ESCC cells was significantly increased (P<0.05). Up-regulation of USP22 expression promoted the proliferation and migration of ESCC cells, while silencing USP22 inhibited the proliferation and migration of ESCC cells (P<0.05). Under hypoxic conditions, the expression of USP22 and HIF-1α increased, and with the up-regulation of USP22 expression, the expression of HIF-1α also significantly increased (P<0.05). Co-IP experiment confirmed the binding between USP22 and HIF-1α. Conclusion Up-regulation of USP22 expression promotes the proliferation and migration of ESCC cells. Hypoxia microenvironment can induce the increase of USP22 expression in ESCC. USP22 may participate in the regulation of the occurrence and development of ESCC by directly binding to HIF-1α.

OBJECTIVE To establish a method for simultaneously determining three anti-tuberculosis drugs in the plasma of patients with spinal tuberculosis and apply it in clinical practice. METHODS LC-MS/MS method was established for the quantitative determination of the concentrations of isoniazid， rifampicin and pyrazinamide in the plasma of patients with spinal tuberculosis， using diphenhydramine as the internal standard. The determination was carried out using Chemalink CM-C18T column， with mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid-methanol solution （gradient elution）， at the flow rate of 0.4 mL/min and an injection volume of 2 μL. Multiple reaction monitoring was conducted using an electrospray ionization source in positive ion mode. The ion pairs used for quantitative analysis were m/z 138.0→121.0（ for isoniazid）， m/z 823.3→791.3（ for rifampicin）， m/z 124.1→ 79.0 （for pyrazinamide）， and m/z 256.0→167.0 （for diphenhydramine）. Fifty-three patients diagnosed with spinal tuberculosis in Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital from January 2023 to June 2025 were selected， and the plasma concentrations of isoniazid， rifampicin and pyrazinamide in these patients were measured using the above method. RESULTS The linear ranges for isoniazid， rifampicin and pyrazinamide were 0.5-16， 2-64， and 2.5-80 μg/mL， respectively （r≥0.998 7）. The accuracy ranged from 90.20% to 108.64% （n＝5）. RSDs for intra-day precision were all less than 6.63% （n＝5）， while those for inter-day precision were all less than 8.42% （n＝3）. The matrix effects ranged from 88.60% to 115.41% （n＝5）. The relative deviations in the stability tests were all within the ±15% range， and the carry-over effect did not interfere with the determination. The results of clinical application showed that the mean plasma drug concentrations of isoniazid， rifampicin and pyrazinamide in patients with spinal tuberculosis were （3.62±2.80）， （8.55±4.57）， and （20.12±6.56） μg/mL， respectively. The incidences of plasma drug concentrations falling below the effective peak concentrations were 49.06%， 58.49% and 60.38%， respectively. CONCLUSIONS The method established in this study is rapid， accurate， and demonstrates good stability， making it suitable for clinical monitoring of the plasma concentrations of isoniazid， rifampicin and pyrazinamide in patients with spinal tuberculosis.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of early continuous renal replacement therapy （CRRT） combined with nafamostat mesylate （NM） on clinical outcomes， safety， inflammatory reaction， and oxidative stress in patients with sepsis- associated acute kidney injury （SA-AKI）. METHODS Patients’ data were gathered from 153 cases admitted to the intensive care unit of the our hospital between January 2023 and January 2025， who initiated CRRT within 48 hours after being diagnosed with SA-AKI. These patients were divided into control group （75 cases） and observation group （78 cases） according to different anticoagulant drugs used during CRRT. After CRRT， control group was given sodium citrate， while observation group was given NM. The clinical outcomes [the duration of mechanical ventilation， length of stay in the intensive care unit （ICU）] as well as Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ （APACHE Ⅱ） score， Sequential Organ Failure Assessment （SOFA） score， renal function indexes [serum creatinine （Scr）， blood urea nitrogen （BUN）， cystatin C （CysC）]， inflammatory indexes [C-reactive protein （CRP）， procalcitonin （PCT）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）]， oxidative stress markers [malondialdehyde （MDA）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px）] and the occurrence of adverse drug reactions before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. RESULTS After treatment， the observation group had significantly shorter mechanical ventilation duration and ICU length of stay compared to the control group （P＜0.05）. APACHE Ⅱ scores， SOFA scores， renal function indexes， inflammatory indexes and MDA levels of two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment within the same group （P＜0.05）， and the observation group were significantly lower than the control group （P＜0.05）. The levels of SOD and GSH-Px were significantly higher than those before treatment within the same group （P＜0.05）， and the observation group were significantly higher than the control group （P＜0.05）. There was no statistically significant difference in the overall incidence of adverse events between the two groups （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Compared with early CRRT combined with sodium citrate， early CRRT combined with NM can significantly improve renal function in patients with SA-AKI， alleviate the degree of inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress， shorten ICU stay length， and demonstrate favorable safety.

Objective: To investigate the incidence of occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI) in spouses of asymptomatic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infected individuals in Shenzhen, China, and to analyze their serological and molecular characteristics and possible transmission routes, so as to propose refined strategies for blood safety. Methods: After rapid screening for HBsAg at the blood collection sites, samples from HBsAg-positive blood donors and their concurrently donating spouses were collected. All samples were tested for hepatitis B serological markers by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLI). Simultaneously, HBV nucleic acid extractiona, nested PCR amplification, gene sequencing of S and BCP/PC regions and qPCR were conducted. Results: A total of 112 samples were collected, including 56 from HBsAg positive donors and 56 from their spouses. All donors were confirmed as HBsAg+/DNA+/anti-HBc+, indicative of asymptomatic chronic hepatitis (CHB) infection. Among their 56 spouses, 11 (19.6%) were identified as HBV DNA+. The prevalence was higher in males (23.1%) than in females (16.7%). Six spouses (10.8%) had OBI, three of whom (5.4%) were negative in routine blood screening tests. The residual risk of HBV were estimated as 1∶127 (95%CI, 1∶356 to 1∶66). Among infected couples, immune escape mutation (E164D) and glycosylation mutations (I126T and T131N/M133T) were identified. Furthermore, sequence analysis suggested partner-to-partner transmission in eight cases. Conclusion: A substantial proportion (19.6%) of spouses of asymptomatic HBV infected donors were HBV-positve, with an OBI prevalence of 10.9%. Among these, 5.4% were negative in routine tests. To ensure blood safety, we recommend that spouses of HBV infected individuals be deferred from blood donation.

By reviewing the physical biological research on the activation of acupoint effects by acupuncture， this paper explains the activation mechanism from the perspective of the generation and transmission of mechanical signals caused by acupuncture， and reveals the physical-chemical coupling processes in the acupoint microenvironment. Future research should focus on locally mechanosensitive cells， further exploring how acupuncture mechanical signals trigger dynamic changes in cells and molecules in the acupoints， and the physical-chemical information transduction mechanism， which will provide scientific evidence for the acupoint activation during acupuncture. Related studies will contribute to a deeper understanding of the scientific principles behind acupuncture and promote its clinical application and development.

Objective: To analyze the characteristics of latent classes of dietary patterns among children and adolescents in Qinghai Province, and their association with overweight and obesity, so as to provide a scientific basis for conducting targeted nutritional interventions and weight management for the local population. Methods: From May to October 2025, a multi stage stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to recruit 1 611 children and adolescents aged 6-17 years from Chengdong District of Xining City and Gonghe County of Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Qinghai Province. Questionnaire survey was conducted using a questionnaire developed by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and physical examination was conducted by using unified measurement standards. Latent class analysis (LCA) was performed on the food intake frequency of the participants. The χ 2 test and Logistic regression analysis were applied to explore the relationship between dietary patterns and overweight/obesity. Results: The detection rates of overweight, obesity, and overall overweight/obesity among the participants were 10.4%, 5.8%, and 16.2%, respectively. Latent class analysis identified three dietary patterns: modern mixed pattern ( n =399, 24.8%), low diversity pattern ( n =476, 29.5%), and traditional dietary pattern ( n =736, 45.7%). The potential category distribution differences of three dietary patterns among children and adolescents with and without overweight or obesity were statistically significant (non overweight and obesity: 22.5%, 29.1%, 48.4%; overweight and obesity: 36.4%, 31.8%, 31.8%) ( χ 2=30.69, P <0.01). Logistic regression showed that, compared with the traditional dietary pattern, the modern mixed pattern was associated with a higher risk of overweight and obesity ( OR =1.68, 95% CI =1.13-2.49); female sex was associated with a lower risk of overweight/obesity compared with male sex ( OR =0.66, 95% CI =0.50-0.86) (both P <0.05). Conclusions A positive association exists between the modern mixed dietary pattern and obesity in children and adolescents. It is recommended to reduce the intake of grains and unhealthy foods among overweight and obese children and adolescents, while increasing the consumption of legumes, fish, and shrimp, in order to cultivate healthy and rational dietary habits.

OBJECTIVE Establish a quantitative analysis method for salidroside （Sal） in mouse serum， bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF）， and lung tissue， and compare the distribution differences of Sal and its liposomes. METHODS Using high-performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）， Welch Xtimate C18 was used as the chromatographic column， with methanol-formic acid aqueous solution （formic acid volume fraction： 0.1% for serum and BALF detection， 0.2% for lung tissue detection） as the mobile phase， flow rate of 1.0 mL/min， detection wavelength of 275 nm， column temperature of 30 ℃， and injection volume of 10 μL. Serum， BALF， and lung tissue homogenate samples were precipitated with methanol for protein analysis. Twelve mice were randomly divided into Sal group and Sal liposome group， and the concentrations of Sal in serum， BALF， and lung tissue were detected after intragastric administration corresponding liquid medicine at a dose of 300 mg/kg （calculated as Sal） for 0.5 h. RESULTS The linear ranges of Sal in serum， BALF， and lung tissue were 1.56-200.00 μg/mL， 1.56-100.00 μg/mL， and 6.24-400.00 μg/g， respectively （all r＝0.999 9）， with intra-day RSD of 1.35%-3.87%， 1.10%-2.75%， and 1.90%-3.86%， respectively； the inter-day RSD of 3.38%-5.11%， 2.22%- 4.36%， and 2.41%-4.73%， respectively. The relative accuracies were 97.95%-101.61%， 98.29%-101.82%， and 97.41%- 106.94%， respectively. The stability RSDs were all less than 6%. Compared with the Sal group， the Sal liposome group significantly increased the concentration of Sal in BALF of mice （P＜0.05）， and significantly decreased the concentration of Sal in serum and lung tissue （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS The HPLC method established in this study is suitable for quantitative analysis of Sal in mouse serum， BALF， and lung tissue. Sal liposomes have a tendency to distribute towards the alveolar cavity during early administration.

Hepatitis E is an acute and self-limiting viral hepatitis caused by the hepatitis E virus (HEV). It has a higher mortality rate among immunosuppressed patients and pregnant women infected with HEV. Although HEV infections in humans are mostly caused by contaminated water or food worldwide, the incidence of transfusion-transmitted hepatitis E is continuously rising. Additionally, the prevalence of serum anti-HEV IgG in the blood donors in China is at a relatively high level, making it worth considering screening blood donors for HEV. This article briefly reviews the globally reported cases of transfusion-transmitted hepatitis E and the HEV screening strategies for blood donations.