Background/Aims: Previous studies have shown that diet and physical activity can influence constipation. However, the combined effect of diet and physical activity on constipation remains unclear. Methods: Constipation was defined based on stool consistency and frequency, while overall diet quality was assessed using Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 scores. Participants were categorized into low (metabolic equivalent [MET]-min/wk < 500) and high physical activitygroups (MET-min/wk ≥ 500). The association between diet and constipation across physical activity groups was analyzed using surveylogistic regression and restricted cubic splines. Results: Higher HEI-2015 scores were associated with reduced constipation risk in the high physical activity group when constipation was defined by stool consistency (odds ratio [OR], 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97-0.99). However, in the low physical activity group, increased HEI-2015 scores did not significantly affect constipation risk (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.97-1.05). Similar results were found when constipation was defined based on stool frequency. In the high physical activity group, increased HEI-2015 scores were significantly associated with a reduced constipation risk (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.94-0.98). Conversely, in the low physical activity group, increased HEI-2015 scores did not affect the risk of constipation (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.90-1.03). Conclusions Our findings suggest that a higher HEI-2015 score is negatively associated with constipation among individuals with high physical activity levels but not among those with low physical activity levels. This association was consistent when different definitions of constipation were used. These results highlight the importance of combining healthy diet with regular physical activity to alleviate constipation.

Objective:To investigate the preoperative evaluation, safety and clinical efficacy of intravascular recanalization for patients with symptomatic non-acute middle cerebral artery occlusion .Methods:Twenty-six patients with symptomatic non-acute middle cerebral artery occlusion admitted between January 2018 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical symptoms, cerebral perfusion, occlusive site, occlusive length, collateral circulation and distal capillary were evaluated. There were 17 cases accorded with intravascular recanalization. The cerebral blood flow , cerebral blood volume, MTT, peak time and scores of 17 patients before and after revascularization were compared by paired t test.Results:Endovascular recanalization was performed in 17 patients and extracranial-intracranial artery bypass grafting was performed in 9 patients. Among the 17 cases, there were 7 cases of hemiplegia of contralateral limbs, 6 cases of recurrent cerebral infarction, 4 cases of paroxysmal contralateral limb numbness or weakness, 3 cases of cognitive dysfunction and 3 cases of headache. The cerebral perfusion of the occluded side of the middle cerebral artery in 17 cases was significantly lower than that of the healthy side. One patient failed to pass through the occlusion with micro guide wire, and gave up the operation after repeated attempts. The occluded vessels were successfully recanalized in 16 cases (thrombolytic grade of cerebral infarction=2b-3), and recanalized in 16 cases, including 9 cases of simple balloon dilatation and 7 cases of stent implantation. Three months after the operation, the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of 17 patients decreased from (9.57±2.32) to (3.75±1.42). The cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood volume, mean transit time and peak time were also significantly improved compared with those before the operation（ t value was 9.08，5.54，4.26，8.56，6.00，respectively，all P<0.001）. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score of cognitive function was (22.70±1.70) before the operation, and there months after operation (26.30±2.30) points ( t=6.66, P<0.001) were statistically significant. After operation, CT cerebral angiography or whole cerebral angiography showed that 1 case was occluded, 15 cases had good recanalization, no intracranial hemorrhage occurred during the perioperative period, and no new stroke occurred during the 6-month follow-up period. Conclusion:For patients with symptomatic non acute middle cerebral artery occlusion, the patients who may benefit from multi-dimensional evaluation are selected for intravascular recanalization treatment. There are few complications and high recanalization rate. The short-term follow-up clinical effect is good, but the long-term effect needs to be further observed.

Objective:To investigate the etiologies and clinical characteristics of bilateral adrenal lesions.Methods:The clinical data of 143 patients with bilateral adrenal lesions hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from Jan. 2013 to Mar. 2018 were collected and analyzed.Results:140 patients were retained for final analysis. 79 were men, and 61 were women. The age was (51.53±13.93) years. Regarding the etiologies, there were primary aldosteronism ( n=44, 31.43%) , Cushing’s syndrome ( n=27, 19.29%) , non-functional lesions ( n=23, 16.43%) , adrenal tuberculosis ( n=17, 12.14%) , pheochromocytoma ( n=11, 7.86%) , congenital adrenal hyperplasia ( n=5, 3.57%) , adrenal metastases ( n=5, 3.57%) , and adrenal lymphoma ( n=4, 2.86) . These patients were classified into the following groups according to the mass size: ≤2 cm, 2-4 cm and ≥4 cm. The highest proportion of primary aldosteronism (62.79%) , Cushing’s syndrome (46.15%) and pheochromocytoma (31.25%) was observed in the ≤2 cm, 2-4 cm and ≥4 cm groups, respectively. The mass sizes of primary aldosteronism, Cushing’s syndrome and pheochromocytoma were compared, with pheochromocytoma the largest, followed by Cushing’s syndrome, non-functional lesion, and primary aldosteronism. Conclusions:For patients with bilateral adrenal lesions in our hospital, primary aldosteronism and Cushing’s syndrome are more common than non-functional lesion. Mass size is of great value in the diagnosis of endocrinological etiology, as well as distinguishing malignant tumors from the benign ones. The imaging phenotype is helpful to determine tumor types.

Overactive bladder (OAB) is the most bothersome symptom in lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Current pharmacologic treatment aims to inhibit detrusor contraction; however, shows unsatisfied efficacy and high discontinuation rate. LIM kinases (LIMKs) promote smooth muscle contraction in the prostate; however, their function in the bladder smooth muscle remains unclear. Here, we studied effects of the LIMK inhibitors on bladder smooth muscle contraction and proliferation both

This paper mainly studied the effect of Xiyanping injection on the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced fever in rabbits, preliminarily investigated the mechanisms, and provided pharmacological basis for the clinical application. The rabbit model of endotoxin-induced fever was established by using LPS as the inducer; The changes of rectal temperature were measured; The levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and phospholipaseA2 (PLA2) in the serum were measured; The levels of PGE2, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), and arginine vasopressin (AVP) in cerebrospinal fluid as well as hypothalamus were detected. The animal welfare and experimental process are in accordance with the regulations of the Animal Ethics Committee of China Pharmaceutical University in this study. The results showed that Xiyanping injection (12.5, 25, and 50 mg·kg^-1) could significantly reduce LPS-upregulated body temperature of rabbits, and the duration of action could reach 5.5-8.5 h. At the doses of 25 and 50 mg·kg^-1, the antipyretic effect of Xiyanping injection was comparable to that of analgin injection (50 mg·kg^-1). Furthermore, Xiyanping injection and analgin injection both reduced the levels of PGE2, IL-1β, TNF-α, and PLA2 in the serum of febrile rabbits to the varying degrees. In addition, Xiyanping injection also down-regulated the levels of PGE2, cAMP, and AVP in the hypothalamus, and PGE2 and cAMP in the cerebrospinal fluid. The level of AVP in the cerebrospinal fluid was up-regulated. This study indicated that Xiyanping injection could significantly improve the endotoxin-induced fever in rabbits, and mechanisms were closely related to the regulation of the levels of PGE2, TNF-α, IL-1β, PLA2, cAMP, and AVP in serum, hypothalamus, and cerebrospinal fluid.

Objective To analysis the change of hip joint in healthy infants by ultrasound,and establish the normal reference value of the developmental dysplasia of the hip(DDH). Methods A total of 8 000 healthy infants from 0 to 24 weeks were collected from the Multi-center study of 10 children′s medical centers. Among them,3 855 infants(2 065 females and 1 790 males) with complete data and follow-up were included in this study. All subjects were divided into 6 groups ( ＜4,4～7,8～11,12～15,16～19 and≥20 weeks group). α angle,femoral head length and width,femoral head coverage ratio by acetabulum ( FHC) were measured in the coronal view on the neutral position;distance from pubis to femoral head ( P-H) and distance from ischium to femoral head ( I-H ) were measured in the transverse view on neutral position;distance from femoral head topubis ( H-P) was measured in the posterolateraltransverse view on the flexion position. The results of each group changes with age were analysised. Results ① The α angle of healthy infants from 0 to 20 weeks were increased with age,the difference among the groups were statistically significant( P ＜0.05),but there was no significant difference between 16～19 and ≥20 weeks group( P ＞0.05). ②The femoral head length and width of all age groups were increased with age,the difference among all the groups was statistically significant( all P ＜0.05). ③ FHC from 0 to 20 weeks were increased with age,the difference among the groups were statistically significant( P ＜0.05) except between 16～19 and ≥20 weeks group( P ＞0.05). ④ The P-H and I-H in all age groups showed no statistically significant ( all P＞0.05). ⑤The H-P of all age groups were increased with age,the difference between the groups were statistically significant(all P ＜0.05).Conclusions The development of hip joints have the certain regular developmental pattern in healthy infants less than 5 months of birth and are relatively constant after birth more than 5 months. The ultrasound normal reference value of the hip joints can be used for the early diagnosis of the DDH.

Objective To evaluate the effect of methylene blue (MB) on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced apoptosis in macrophages through mitochondria-dependent pathway in mice.Methods Mouse peritoneal macrophage line RAW264.7 cells were cultured in DMEM culture medium containing 10％ fetal bovine serum.Cells were divided into 6 groups (n =24 each) using a random number table method:control group (group C),H2O2 group,prophylactic different concentrations of MB groups (MB1,2 groups) and therapeutic different concentrations of MB groups (MB3.4 groups).H2O2 50 μmol/L was added to the culture medium in group H2O2.MB was added to the culture medium with the final concentrations of 0.1 μmol/L (in MB1 and MB3 groups) and 1.0 μmol/L (in MB2 and MB4 groups) at 30 min before adding H2O2 in MB1.2 groups and 30 min after adding H2O2 in MB3.4 groups.At 24 h of culture or incubation in each group,the cell survival rate was measured by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay,the activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells was determined with the fluorescent probe,the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in supernatant was detected by spectrophotometry,the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in cells was detected by colorimetric method,mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was measured using rhodamine 123 staining,the content of ATP was determined by an ATP bioluminescent method,the expression of pro-caspase-3 and spliceosomes P20 protein and P 18 protein was detected by Western blot,and cell apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry.Results Compared with group C,the cell survival rate,SOD activity and contents of MMP and ATP were significantly decreased,the ROS activity and activity of LDH in supernatant were increased,the expression of pro-caspase-3 and spliceosomes P20 protein and P18 protein was up-regulated,and early and late apoptosis rates were increased in the other five groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group H2O2,the cell survival rate,SOD activity and contents of MMP and ATP were significantly increased,the ROS activity and activity of LDH in supernatant were decreased,the expression of pro-caspase-3 and spliceosomes P20 protein and P18 protein was down-regulated,and early and late apoptosis rates were decreased in MB1-4 groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group MB1,the cell survival rate was significantly decreased,and the expression of caspase-3 spliceosome P 18 was down-regulated in group MB2,and the cell survival rate and SOD activity were significantly decreased,and the activity of ROS was increased in group MB3 (P＜0.05).Compared with group MB4,the expression of caspase-3 spliceosome P 18 was significantly down-regulated,early and late apoptosis rates were decreased,and the activity of ROS was increased in group MB2,and the activity of ROS was significantly increased in group MB3 (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which MB attenuates H2O2-induced oxidative damage to macrophages is related to inhibiting cell apoptosis in macrophages through mitochondria-dependent pathway in mice.

Objective:To optimize the chitosan flocculation purification process of Zhigancao decoction. Methods:With the total content of ginsenoside Rg1 , Re and Rb1 and the impurity removal rate as the evaluation indices, an orthogonal test was used to investi-gate the effects of concentration of solution, amount of chitosan and standing temperature on the purification process. Results:The op-timum conditions of chitosan flocculation clarification process of Zhigancao decoction were as follows:the concentration of extraction so-lution was 0. 25 g·ml-1 , the standing temperature was 25℃, and the amount of chitosan was 12% . Conclusion:The optimum con-ditions of purification process are promising with high impurity removal rate and active ingredients retention rate, which provide refer-ence for the dosage form reformation of Zhigancao decoction.

Objective:To explore the effects of holly leaf extract on blood lipid regulating function and blood rheology in hyperlipi-demia rats to provide experimental basis for the development and application of holly leaf. Methods:The rats were fed with high-fat di-et for 4 weeks to establish the model of hyperlipidemia. The rats were randomly divided into the control group, the model group, the positive group, high-dose group (0.60 g·mL-1), medium-dose group (0.30 g·mL-1) and low-dose group (0.15 g·mL-1) of Holly leaf with gastric perfusion for 9 weeks. TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, AST, ALT, SOD and MDA in serum of the rats were deter-mined, and various indices of hemorheology were measured. Results:When compared with the model group, holly leaf extract at dif-ferent doses could decrease the content of TC, TG, LDL-C, ALT, AST, MDA and apo B in varying degrees, and increase the content of HDL-C, the SOD activity and lipoprotein levels in varying degrees at the end of the gastric perfusion, and the effects of high-dose of holly leaf were the most significant (P<0. 05,P<0. 01). Holly leaf extract at different doses could decrease plasma viscosity, whole blood viscosity, erythrocyte aggregation index and hematocrit, and increase red blood cell deformability index, and the effects of high-dose group of holly leaf were the most significant (P<0. 05,P<0. 01). Conclusion:Holly leaf has obvious regulating effects on blood lipid function and blood rheology in hyperlipemia rats, which can reduce blood lipid levels.

Objective To investigate the distribution of five indicators of hepatitis B(HBV-M)and its relationship with liver function parameters and HBV-DNA load in patients with chronic HBV infection in different stages.Methods The serum samples were collected from 456 patients infected with HBV.The HBV-M,liver functional parameters and HBV-DNA level were quantita-tively detected.According to the stages of disease,the patients were divided into 3 groups including chronic hepatitis B group(inclu-ding mild subgroup,moderate subgroup and severe subgroup),liver cirrhosis group(including compensatory subgroup,decompen-sated subgroup)and hepatocellular carcinoma goup.Results The ratio of HBsAg,HBeAg,HBcAb positive pattern(135 pattern) and HBsAg,HBeAb,HBcAb positive pattern(145 pattern)in the three groups were statistically different(P <0.05).In each chron-ic hepatitis B subgroup,both ALT and AST levels of 135 pattern were significantly higher than the other two patterns(P <0.05). In each liver cirrhosis subgroup and hepatocellular carcinoma group,there were statistically significant differences in ALB and TBIL levels between the three patterns(P <0.05 ).In each group,the HBV-DNA level of 135 positive pattern were significantly higher than the other two patterns(P <0.05).Conclusion With the advancement of chronic hepatitis B,there is a downtrend in the ratio of 135 pattern and increasing trend in the ratio of 145 pattern.If the stage of hepatitis B is discriminated,ALT,AST,ALB TBIL and HBV-DNA level were closely related to HBV-M pattern.