Objective To explore the effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation(TEAS)on perioperative analgesia in elderly patients undergoing lumbar fusion internal fixation.Methods Eighty-two elderly patients undergoing lumbar fusion internal fixation within two levels,57 males and 25 fe-males,aged 65-74 years,BMI 18.5-24.0 kg/m2,ASA physical status Ⅰ-Ⅲ,were randomly divided into two groups:TEAS group and control group,41 patients in each group.Both groups were given tracheal intubation intravenous general anesthesia.TEAS group was treated with TEAS from 30 minutes before anes-thesia induction to the end of the operation,and continued TEAS for 2 days after surgery,once a day,30 minutes once time,and the stimulation sites were bilateral Hegu,Neiguan,and Zusanli.In the control group,the electrodes were only connected at the same time point without electrical stimulation.Both groups were treated with bilateral erector spinae plane block(ESPB)under ultrasound guidance after anesthesia in-duction.PCIA was performed by connecting the analgesic pump after operation.HR and MAP before stimu-lation and at the time of skin incision were recorded.The dosage of propofol and remifentanil and the number of sufentanil additions during operation were recorded.The addition rate of sufentanil was calculated.The resting and activity VAS pain scores 2,4,8,12,24,and 48 hours after operation were recorded.First compression time of analgesic pump,the consumption of sufentanil 48 hours after operation,the ratio of ef-fective pressing times of analgesic pump to actual pressing times(D1/D2),rescue analgesia rate and ad-verse reactions were recorded.Results Compared with control group,HR was slowed down significantly and MAP was decreased significantly at the time of skin incision in TEAS group,the rate of sufentanil addi-tions,the activity VAS scores 2,4,8,12,24,and 48 hours after operation,the resting VAS pain scores 12,24,and 48 hours after operation in TEAS group were significantly decreased,the first compression time of analgesic pump was significantly prolonged,the consumption of sufentanil 48 hours after operation was significantly decreased,D1/D2 was significantly increased,the rate of rescue analgesia,nausea and vomi-ting,dizziness were significantly decreased(P＜0.05).Conclusion TEAS can provide better analgesia for elderly patients undergoing lumbar fusion internal fixation,reduce the use of opioids,prolong the postop-erative analgesia time and reduce the incidence of postoperative adverse reactions.

Objective:To evaluate the anesthetic effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS)-erector spinal plane block (ESPB)-general anesthesia in elderly patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery.Methods:A total of 100 American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅱ or Ⅲ elderly patients, aged 65-75 yr, with a body mass index of 19-27 kg/m 2, undergoing elective lumbar fusion internal fixation within two levels in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine from October 2023 to March 2024, were selected and divided into 2 groups ( n=50 each) using a random number table method: TEAS group (T group) and control group (C group). In T group, TEAS was performed at 30 min before anesthesia induction until the end of operation, then transcutaneous electrical stimulation of bilateral Hegu, Neiguan and Zusanli was performed for 2 consecutive days after surgery, once a day, 30 min per time. Electrodes were applied to the same acupoints without electrical stimulation in group C. After induction of general anesthesia, bilateral ESPB was performed under ultrasound guidance, and 0.375% ropivacaine 20 ml was injected on each side in both groups. Patient-controlled intravenous analgesia was carried out with sufentanil citrate from the end of surgery until 48 h after surgery. When VAS score≥4, tramadol was intravenously injected as rescue analgesic. The consumption of remifentanil and propofol, the total number of successfully delivered doses (D1) and the number of attempts (D2) within 48 h after operation, and the D1/D2 ratio and rescue analgesia were recorded. The concentrations of interleukin-6, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor-α and T-lymphocyte subsets (CD3 +, CD4 +, CD8 + ) were determined before stimulation of acupoints and at 24 and 48 h after surgery. The CD4 + /CD8 + ratio was calculated. Results:Compared with group C, the consumption of intraoperative remifentanil was significantly decreased, D1 and D2 were reduced, the D1/D2 ratio was increased, the rate of rescue analgesia was decreased, the serum concentrations of interleukin-6, interleukin-10 and tumor necrosis factor-α were decreased at each time point after operation, and the serum concentrations of CD3 + and CD4 + and CD4 + /CD8 + ratio were increased in group T ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Compared with combination of ESPB and general anesthesia, TEAS-ESPB-general anesthesia can provide better analgesic effect, reduce postoperative inflammatory responses and improve the immune function in elderly patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery.

Scopoletin is a coumarin compound with various biological activities including detumescence and analgesic, insecticidal, antibacterial and acaricidal effects. However, interference with scopolin and other components often leads to difficulties in purification of scopoletin with low extraction rates from plant resource. In this paper, heterologous expression of the gene encoding β-glucosidase An-bgl3 derived from Aspergillus niger were carried out. The expression product was purified and characterized with further structure-activity relationship between it and β-glucosidase analyzed. Subsequently, its ability for transforming scopolin from plant extract was studied. The results showed that the specific activity of the purified β-glucosidase An-bgl3 was 15.22 IU/mg, the apparent molecular weight was about 120 kDa. The optimum reaction temperature and pH were 55 ℃ and 4.0, respectively. Moreover, 10 mmol/L metal ions Fe²⁺ and Mn²⁺ increased the enzyme activity by 1.74-fold and 1.20-fold, respectively. A 10 mmol/L solution containing Tween-20, Tween-80 and Triton X-100 all inhibited the enzyme activity by 30%. The enzyme showed affinity towards scopolin and tolerated 10% methanol and 10% ethanol solution, respectively. The enzyme specifically hydrolyzed scopolin into scopoletin from the extract of Erycibe obtusifolia Benth with a 47.8% increase of scopoletin. This demonstrated that the β-glucosidase An-bgl3 from A. niger shows specificity on scopolin with good activities, thus providing an alternative method for increasing the extraction efficiency of scopoletin from plant material.
Aspergillus niger/genetics* ; beta-Glucosidase/chemistry* ; Scopoletin ; Polysorbates ; Coumarins

The hydrolysis of xylo-oligosaccharides catalyzed by β-xylosidase plays an important role in the degradation of lignocellulose. However, the enzyme is easily inhibited by its catalytic product xylose, which severely limits its application. Based on molecular docking, this paper studied the xylose affinity of Aspergillus niger β-xylosidase An-xyl, which was significantly differentially expressed in the fermentation medium of tea stalks, through cloning, expression and characterization. The synergistic degradation effect of this enzyme and cellulase on lignocellulose in tea stems was investigated. Molecular docking showed that the affinity of An-xyl to xylose was lower than that of Aspergillus oryzae β-xylosidase with poor xylose tolerance. The K_i value of xylose inhibition constant of recombinant-expressed An-xyl was 433.2 mmol/L, higher than that of most β-xylosidases of the GH3 family. The K_m and V_max towards pNPX were 3.6 mmol/L and 10 000 μmol/(min·mL), respectively. The optimum temperature of An-xyl was 65 ℃, the optimum pH was 4.0, 61% of the An-xyl activity could be retained upon treatment at 65 ℃ for 300 min, and 80% of the An-xyl activity could be retained upon treatment at pH 2.0-8.0 for 24 h. The hydrolysis of tea stem by An-xyl and cellulase produced 19.3% and 38.6% higher reducing sugar content at 2 h and 4 h, respectively, than that of using cellulase alone. This study showed that the An-xyl mined from differential expression exhibited high xylose tolerance and higher catalytic activity and stability, and could hydrolyze tea stem lignocellulose synergistically, which enriched the resource of β-xylosidase with high xylose tolerance, thus may facilitate the advanced experimental research and its application.
Aspergillus niger/genetics* ; Xylose/metabolism* ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Xylosidases/genetics* ; Cellulases ; Tea ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Substrate Specificity

China's prevention and control of parasitic diseases has made remarkable achievements. However,the prevalence and transmission of parasitic diseases is impacted by the complicated natural and social factors of environment ,natural disas-ters,population movements,and so on. Therefore,there are still the risks of the outbreak of emergency parasitic diseases af-fairs,which may affect the control effectiveness of parasitic diseases and endanger the social stability seriously. In this article , we aim at the analysis of typical cases of emergency parasitic disease affairs and their impacts on public health security in China in recently years,and we also elaborate the disposal characteristics of emergency parasitic disease affairs,and propose the estab-lishment of response system to emergency parasitic disease affairs in China,including the organizational structure and response flow path,and in addition,point out that,in the future,we should strengthen the system construction and measures of the re-sponse system to emergency parasitic disease affairs,so as to control the risk and harm of parasitic disease spread as much as possible and to realize the early intervention and proper disposal of emergency parasitic disease affairs.

A novel probe (DNSBN) towards biothiols on the basis of 4-hydroxynaphthalimide as fluorophores and 2, 4-dinitrobenzenesulfonyloxy group as specific recognition site was designed and synthesized.The result of absorption and fluorescence spectral analyses indicated that the probe had high sensitivity and selectivity towards cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy) and glutathione (GSH), and the detection was not affected by other 17 kinds of natural amino acids.Meanwhile, it was confirmed that DNSBN was a ratiometric probe through the fluorescence titration experiment, and the fluorescent intensity at 555 nm had a high linear relationship with biothiols concentration in the range of 0-20 μmol/L.The detection limits (3σ) of Cys, Hcy and GSH were 25.9, 92.0 and 77.9 nmol/L, respectively.The absorption, emission and mass spectra indicated that biothiols could be engaged in nucleophilic substitution reaction with 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonate, which induced the sulfonic esters decomposed.With the departure of receptor unit, the d-PeT progress (donor-excited photoinduced electron transfer) was blocked with an obvious colorimetric and fluorescence change.Finally, HeLa cell imaging experiments verified that DNSBN had good biocompatibility and could be used to detect exogenous biothiols.

Oncomelania hupensis is the only intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum. The elimination of Oncomelania snails is the key technique step for schistosomiasis control. This paper summarizes the progress of the techniques of snail control，including the methods of ecology engineering，biology，molluscicides and the study on novel molluscicides，and reviews their features. In addition，this paper explores the appropriate approach to control the snails.

BACKGROUND: There are a lot of controversies regarding the choice of short versus long segment pedicle screw fixation for the treatment of isthmic spondylolisthesis and degenerative spondylolisthesis treatment. OBJECTIVE: To investigate clinical efficacy of short versus long segment pedicle screw fixation in treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis.METHODS: A total of 146 spondylolisthesis patients were included in this study, 36 males and 110 females, aged 22-73 years at a mean of 53 years; disease duration was from 1 to 18 years at a mean of 5 years. These patients were treated with lumbar spinal window-opened decompression or laminectomy decompression, a short or long segment pedicle screw internal fixation, transverse interbody fusion.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Among 146 involved patients, 72 cases were treated with four pedicle screw fixation (short segments), while 74 cases with six pedicle screw fixation (long segments). Interbody graft was performed in 101 cases, while intertransverse fusion given in 45 cases. Totally 134 cases were followed up for postoperative 1.5-14 years. According to clinical grading standards of Steffee system, the clinical efficacy was assayed excellent in 74 cases, good in 41 cases, mild in 13 cases and poor in 6 cases, with good rate of 85.8%. 77 cases achieved a complete reduction, including 32 cases using a short segment fixation and 45 cases using a long segment fixation. 69 cases achieved partial reduction, including 40 cases using a short segment fixation and 29 cases using a long segment fixation. Pedicle screws ruptures were found in 13 screws of eight patients undergoing short segment fixation, while no pedicle screw fracture was found in long segment fixation. Choice of short or long segment for the fixation is based on the analysis of spondylolisthesis type, severity, duration of disease, emergence of adjacent segment disc degeneration and instability.

Objective To investigate the expression of pro-irtilammatory mediator in peripheral blood of patients with severe sepsis treated by different therapeutic dose of high-volume hemofiltration (HVHF). Methods According to the standard of severe sepsis, 83 cases were randomly divided into three groups, A group [60 ml/(kg·h)], S group[80 ml/(kg·h)], C group[100 ml/(kg·h)], respectively. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1, IL-8 in plasma of patients were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) before treatment and at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 h after treatment, and the grades of APACHEⅢ were evaluated at every time-point simultaneously. Results The grades of APACHEⅢ were lower after treatment than those before treatment (P<0.05), but the decreases between every group had no significant deviation (P>0.05). The levels of TNF-Ⅲ, IL-1, IL-8 in plasma of patients were all decreased gradually after treatment. Compared with those before treatment, the levels of TNF-α,IL-1 and IL-8 at 2, 4 and 6 h after HVHF were obviously decreased (P<0.05). The levels of TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-8 were lightly increases at 4 and 6 h after HVHF, but they were lower that those before treatment (P<0.05). At every time-point, the levels of TNF-α, IL-1, IL-8 trended to decrease following the increase, of displacement liquid volume, the mean levels of pro-inflammatory mediator in C group were markedly reduced compared with the levels in A group (P<0.05). Conclusion HVHF can decrease the levels of pro-inflammatory mediator in peripheral blood of patients with severe sepsis and the grades of APACHEⅢ, the more the therapeutic dose of HVHF, the lower the levels of pro-inflammatory mediator.

AIM　To extend the approach of the act ion of ganoderma polysacchride on intracellular signal events in T cells. METHODS　Laser scanning confocal microscope imaging of the calcium and p H fluorescent indicator dye Fluo-3/AM and SNARF-1/AM were used to determine th e kinetic changes of ［Ca2+］i and ［pH］i in murine T cells induced b y a ganoderma polysacchride,designated GLB7. RESULTS　It was fou nd that GLB7(20 mg*L-1) could increase ［Ca2+］i and ［pH］i at 1 min were 334.7%±16.4%(n=3)、171.6%±10.4%(n=3) respectively. T he increase in ［Ca2+］i induced by GLB7 was due to the influx of extr acellular Ca2+ and intracellular Ca2+ release through both IP3-se nsitive and IP3-insensitive Ca2+ stores, and increase in ［pH］i indu ced by GLB7 was relative to Na+/H+ exchange systems and ［Ca2+］i. GLB 7 did not influence ［Ca2+］i and ［pH］i in murine T cells induced by Con A(3 mg*L-1). CONCLUSION　Stimulation of the increase in ［Ca2+］i and ［pH］i may be an important channel for gano derma polysacchrides to achieve their pharmacological actions.