ObjectiveQi deficiency and phlegm dampness syndrome is a common type of clinical traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） syndrome. However， there is no standard， scientific， and accurate report on the construction of animal models of Qi deficiency and phlegm dampness syndrome. This study aims to construct a mouse model of Qi deficiency and phlegm dampness syndrome by using a multi-factor composite modeling method and to evaluate the model. MethodsTwenty-one C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups with seven mice in each group， which were the normal group， model group， and Shenling Baizhusan （SLBZ） group. The control group was fed with ordinary diet and kept in a normal environment. The model group and SLBZ group were fed with a high-fat diet in a high-humidity environment. Swimming with heavy weights until exhaustion and gavage with cold water or lard were used to establish the mouse model of Qi deficiency and phlegm dampness syndrome. In order to test the syndrome by prescription， mice in the SLBZ group were treated with SLBZ for 14 days after model construction. The exhaustive swimming time， body weight， serum lipid levels， tongue changes， "Qi deficiency and phlegm dampness" assessment scale score， and cecal index of mice in each group were measured. The feces of each group of mice were sent for metagenomics and metabolome sequencing， and the changes in intestinal flora and metabolites were analyzed. ResultsAfter the modeling of Qi deficiency and phlegm dampness syndrome， the exhaustive swimming time of mice was obviously shortened （P<0.01）. The serum total cholesterol， low density lipoprotein cholesterol， and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol of mice were significantly increased （all P<0.01）. The tongue of mice was significantly different from that of the normal group， and the score of the assessment scale was significantly higher than that of the control group （P<0.01）. Cecal index decreased significantly （P<0.01）. The serum lipid level， tongue image， assessment scale score， and cecal index were reversed in the SLBZ group. Metagenomic and metabolome sequencing results showed that intestinal flora and fecal metabolites were significantly changed in mice with Qi deficiency and phlegm dampness syndrome. Akkermansia_muciniphila， Faecalibaculum_rodentium， Eubacterium_plexicaudatum， Eubacterium sp 14_2， Candida glabrata， Romboutsia_ilealis， Turicibacter sp TS3， and other bacteria had significant changes， and the expressions of intestinal metabolites such as chenodeoxycholic acid， choline， L-phenylalanine betaine， and 2-phenylbutyric acid were significantly changed. Related metabolic pathways such as linoleic acid metabolism， primary bile acid biosynthesis， lysine degradation， arginine biosynthesis， and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism were affected. ConclusionThe Qi deficiency and phlegm dampness model of mice can be constructed by the multi-factor composite modeling method of high-fat diet feeding， high-humidity environment feeding， exhaustive swimming with heavy weight， and intragastric administration with cold water or lard. The blood lipid level， tongue change， score of "Qi deficiency and phlegm dampness assessment scale"， cecal index， and changes in related intestinal flora and metabolites of mice can be used as key indicators for model evaluation.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of Tongnaoyin on the blood-brain barrier status and neurological impairment in acute ischemic stroke （AIS） patients with the syndrome of phlegm-stasis blocking collaterals by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging （DCE-MRI）. MethodsA total of 63 patients diagnosed with AIS in the Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine from October 2022 to December 2023 were enrolled in this study. According to random number table method，the patients were assigned into a control group （32 cases） and an observation group （31 cases）. The control group received conventional Western medical treatment，and the observation group took 200 mL Tongnaoyin after meals，twice a day from day 2 of admission on the basis of the treatment in the control group. After 7 days of treatment，the patients were examined by DCE-MRI. The baseline data for two groups of patients before treatment were compared. The National Institute of Health Stroke Scale （NIHSS） score and modified Rankin Scale （mRS） score were recorded before treatment and after 90 days of treatment for both groups. The rKtrans，rKep，and rVe values were obtained from the region of interest （ROI） of the infarct zone/mirror area and compared between the two groups. ResultsThere was no significant difference in the NIHSS or mRS score between the two groups before treatment. After 90 days of treatment，the NIHSS and mRS scores declined in both groups，and the observation group had lower scores than the control group （P<0.05）. After treatment，the rKtrans and rVe in the observation group were lower than those in the control group （P<0.01）. ConclusionCompared with conventional Western medical treatment alone，conventional Western medical treatment combined with Tongnaoyin accelerates the repair of the blood-brain barrier in AIS patients，thereby ameliorating neurological impairment after AIS to improve the prognosis.

Diabetes mellitus （DM） is a metabolic disease caused by absolute or relative insulin deficiency and reduced insulin sensitivity in peripheral cells， posing a serious threat to global health. Chronic complications arising in the later stages of DM can lead to the decline or even loss of function in multiple organs， including the eyes， heart， liver， kidneys， nerves， and feet， making them the primary cause of mortality in DM patients. Although modern medicine has made some progress in the treatment of these complications， challenges such as high costs and adverse drug reactions remain. Thus， identifying highly effective drugs with minimal adverse effects has become a top priority. Astragalus membranaceus is a shining gem in the treasure trove of Chinese medicine. Numerous studies have shown that its primary active component， astragaloside Ⅳ， possesses various biological activities， including anti-inflammatory， antioxidant， and antiviral effects， as well as benefits for cardiac and cerebral function， nerve conduction， and myocardial protection. Meanwhile， the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B （PI3K/Akt） signaling pathway plays a crucial role in regulating oxidative stress， inflammatory responses， apoptosis， and autophagy. Extensive research has highlighted the significant role of this pathway in various DM complications， leading to widespread studies on its interaction with astragaloside Ⅳ. This review summarizes research findings on how astragaloside Ⅳ alleviates pancreatic cytotoxicity in DM patients by modulating the PI3K/Akt pathway. Additionally， it highlights its protective effects on basic cardiac function， inhibition of retinal cell damage， improvement of cerebral nerve dysfunction， reduction of chronic kidney and liver damage， and mitigation of neurovascular toxicity in the lower limbs. These insights provide a valuable reference for the clinical application of A. membranaceus and its active monomer， astragaloside Ⅳ， in the treatment of DM and its complications.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of timosaponin BⅡ （TBⅡ） combined with icariin （ICA） on osteoclast （OC）-osteoblast （OB） coupling and decipher the mechanism from the cellular level. MethodsThe cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） was used to assess the effects of different concentrations of TBⅡ and different concentrations of TBⅡ+ICA on the growth of RAW264.7 cells. Soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand （sRANKL） was used to induce the differentiation of RAW264.7 pre-osteoclasts into osteoclasts. The cells were allocated into sRANKL， TBⅡ （1， 5， 10 μmol·L^-1）， and TBⅡ+ICA groups. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining was performed to assess the effects of TBⅡ and TBⅡ+ICA on osteoclast differentiation. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was conducted to examine the effects of TBⅡ+ICA on the expression of key genes involved in osteoclast differentiation and osteoclast-derived coupling factors. The osteogenic differentiation conditioned medium mixed with osteoclast supernatant was used to induce osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Alkaline phosphatase staining and alizarin red S staining were employed to determine the effect of TBⅡ+ICA on osteogenic differentiation. Real-time PCR was employed to evaluate the effects of conditioned medium on key genes involved in osteogenic differentiation. ResultsTBⅡ at 1， 5， 10 μmol·L^-1 had no significant effect on the cell survival rate. Compared with the sRANKL group， TBⅡ inhibited osteoclast differentiation in a dose-dependent manner and achieved the best effect at 10 μmol·L^-1 （P<0.01）. Compared with the sRANKL group， different concentrations of TBⅡ down-regulated the mRNA levels of osteoclast differentiation-related genes c-Fos， RANK， and RANKL （P<0.05）. None of 10 μmol·L^-1 TBⅡ， 10 μmol·L^-1 TBⅡ+10^-4 μmol·L^-1 ICA， or 10 μmol·L^-1 TBⅡ+10^-3 μmol·L^-1 ICA affected the viability of RAW264.7 cells. TBⅡ and/or ICA inhibited osteoclast differentiation （P<0.01）， and TBⅡ + ICA had the best effect （P<0.01）. Compared with the sRANKL group， TBⅡ and/or ICA down-regulated the mRNA levels of c-Fos， RANK， and RANKL （P<0.05）. The single application of TBⅡ and ICA had no significant effect on the mRNA levels of Wnt10b， Cthrc1， and C3a， while TBⅡ+ICA exerted up-regulating effects （P<0.05）. Compared with those in the blank group， the bone differentiation and mineralization abilities of the normal osteogenic induction group and each osteogenic induction + osteoclast supernatant group were improved （P<0.01）. Compared with the blank group， the normal osteogenic induction group and the osteogenic induction + osteoclast supernatant group showed up-regulated mRNA levels of Runx2 and OCN （P<0.01）. ConclusionTBⅡ+ICA can inhibit osteoclast differentiation， maintain the normal osteoclast-osteoblast coupling， and promote osteogenic differentiation.

Objective: Data on syncopal donation-related vasovagal reaction (DRVR) collected from 74 blood centers between 2020 and 2023 was statistically analyzed to provide a reference for developing preventive strategies against syncopal DRVR. Methods: Data on blood donation adverse reactions and basic information of donors from 2020 to 2023 were collected through the information management system at monitoring sentinel sites. Statistical analysis was performed on the following aspects of syncopal DRVR: characteristics of donors who experienced syncope, reported incidence, triggers, duration, presence and occurrence time of syncope-related trauma, clinical management including outpatient and inpatient treatment, and severity grading. Results: From 2020 to 2023, 45 966 donation-related adverse reactions were recorded. Of these, 1 665 (3.72%) cases were syncopal DRVR. The incidence of syncopal DRVR decreased with age, being the highest in the 18-22 age group. Incidence was significantly higher in female donors than male donors, in first-time donors than repeat donors, and in university and individual donors than group donors (all P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference among different blood donation locations (P>0.05). The top three triggers were tension, fatigue, and needle phobia or fear of blood. Among syncopal DRVR cases, 60.36% occurred during blood collection, 87.63% lasted for less than 60 seconds, and 5.05% were accompanied by trauma. Notably, 57.14% of these traumas occurred after donor had left the blood collection site. Syncope severity was graded based on required treatment: grade 1 (fully recovered without treatment, 95.50%); grade 2 (recovered after outpatient treatment, 4.02%); and grade 3 (recovered after inpatient treatment, 0.48%). Conclusion: By analyzing the data of syncopal DRVR cases, it is possible to provide a reference for formulating blood donor safety policies.

Pre-admission is a critical initiative to optimize medical service processes and alleviate the challenge of "difficult access to healthcare. "However, there is currently a lack of standardized protocols for pre-admission procedures. This study aims to systematically analyze key nodes and risk factors in pre-admission process design and propose optimization strategies, providing a foundation for policy formulation and hospital practices. By constructing a "forward-reverse" dual-process model of pre-admission and identifying risk points based on stakeholder theory (patients, hospitals, healthcare administration, and insurance), the study reveals that while pre-admission can reduce the average length of stay, improve bed turnover rates, and enhance patient satisfaction, it also presents risks such as cross-period financial settlement, challenges in insurance policy adaptability, demands for information system integration, and the need for defining medical safety boundaries. To optimize the pre-admission process and mitigate these risks, this study explores framework improvements in areas including eligibility criteria, mode selection, cost settlement, transition between pre-admission and inpatient status, and cancellation of pre-admission, offering practical guidance for public hospitals. The authors argue that pre-admission requires tripartite collaboration among hospitals, insurers, and healthcare administrations: hospitals should establish top-level design, continuously refine processes, and implement dynamic risk assessment mechanisms; insurance providers should support cross-period settlement policies; and healthcare administrations should issue guiding policies or standardized protocols. Through multi-department coordination and collaborative efforts, the optimization and innovation of pre-admission processes can be advanced, ultimately delivering more efficient and convenient healthcare experiences for patients.

In June 1958, the first specialized acupuncture hospital, the Affiliated Acupuncture Experimental Hospital of Jiangsu Provincial School of TCM, was established in Nanjing. This hospital was founded under the initiative of Mr. CHENG Dan'an, the founder of the Chengjiang School of Acupuncture. Centered on clinical acupuncture, the hospital also carried out research and teaching, forming an integrated development model of medical care, education, and research. Its development experience, including a clear hospital-running philosophy, orientation toward solving clinical needs, and deep integration of medical care, education, and research, provides important historical references for the construction of modern specialized acupuncture hospitals.
China ; History, 20th Century ; Acupuncture Therapy/history* ; Humans ; Acupuncture/education* ; Hospitals, Special/history*