Currently, the drug delivery system (DDS) based on nanomaterials has become a hot interdisciplinary research topic. One of the core issues is drug loading and controlled release, in which the key lever is carriers. Vaterite, as an inorganic porous nano-material, is one metastable structure of calcium carbonate, full of micro or nano porous. Recently, vaterite has attracted more and more attention, due to its significant advantages, such as rich resources, easy preparations, low cost, simple loading procedures, good biocompatibility and many other good points. Vaterite, gained from suitable preparation strategies, can not only possess the good drug carrying performance, like high loading capacity and stable loading efficiency, but also improve the drug release ability, showing the better drug delivery effects, such as targeting release, pH sensitive release, photothermal controlled release, magnetic assistant release, optothermal controlled release. At the same time, the vaterite carriers, with good safety itself, can protect proteins, enzymes, or other drugs from degradation or inactivation, help imaging or visualization with loading fluorescent drugs in vitro and in vivo, and play synergistic effects with other therapy approaches, like photodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy, and thermochemotherapy. Latterly, some renewed reports in drug loading and controlled release have led to their widespread applications in diverse fields, from cell level to clinical studies. This review introduces the basic characteristics of vaterite and briefly summarizes its research history, followed by synthesis strategies. We subsequently highlight recent developments in drug loading and controlled release, with an emphasis on the advantages, quantity capacity, and comparations. Furthermore, new opportunities for using vaterite in cell level and animal level are detailed. Finally, the possible problems and development trends are discussed.

With the publication of several phase Ⅱ and Ⅲ clinical studies, the multidisciplinary diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for early resectable non-small cell lung cancer (rNSCLC) are rapidly evolving. These studies have elucidated the significant effects of neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies on improving the prognosis of rNSCLC patients, while also highlighting the urgent need to revise and refine corresponding treatment protocols and clinical pathways. In response, the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer has assembled a diverse, multidisciplinary international expert panel to evaluate current clinical trials related to rNSCLC and to provide diagnostic, staging, and treatment recommendations for rNSCLC patients in accordance with the 8th edition of the AJCC-UICC staging system. The consensus recommendations titled "Neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatments for early stage resectable non-small cell lung cancer: Consensus recommendations from the International Associationfor the Study of Lung Cancer" outline 20 recommendations, 19 of which received over 85% agreement from the experts. The recommendations indicate that early rNSCLC patients should undergo evaluation by a multidisciplinary team and complete necessary imaging studies. For stage Ⅱ patients, consideration should be given to either adjuvant therapy following surgery or direct neoadjuvant/perioperative treatment, while stage Ⅲ patients are recommended to receive neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy followed by surgery. Postoperatively, adjuvant immunotherapy should be considered based on the expression levels of programmed cell death ligand 1, along with testing for other oncogenic driver mutations. For patients with epidermal growth factor receptor or anaplastic lymphoma kinase mutations sensitive to tyrosine kinase inhibitors, corresponding adjuvant targeted therapy is recommended. These recommendations aim to provide personalized and precise treatment strategies for early rNSCLC patients to enhance the efficacy of neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies. This article provides an in-depth interpretation of these consensus recommendations.

Objective:To conduct a comprehensive global review of research on toxic leadership behavior among nursing managers and to analyze the current research status.Methods:Literature related to toxic leadership behavior among nursing managers was retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, VIP Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database, and China Biomedical Literature Database. The search period extended from the inception of each database to February 15, 2025. The included literature was then organized, analyzed, and summarized.Results:A total of 28 studies were included. There were 23 studies reported the occurrence of toxic leadership behavior among nursing managers, the incidence of toxic leadership behavior was almost at a moderately low level. There were 8 studies reported the influencing factors of toxic leadership behavior, its influencing factors encompassed three primary aspects: the organizational level, the personal characteristics of nursing managers, and characteristics of the nursing staff group. Assessment tools of toxic leadership behavior included the Toxic Leadership Behaviors of Nurse Managers, the Abuse Management Questionnaire, etc. The adverse consequences included increased nurse turnover intention, decreased nursing quality, and reduced organizational trust, etc. Interventions were planned and implemented from three perspectives: the hospital managers, nursing managers, and the nurses.Conclusions:The factors influencing toxic leadership behavior among nursing managers and its adverse consequences require further exploration. Therefore, more intervention studies are warranted to provide new insights and methods for preventing and reducing toxic leadership behavior.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of minimally invasive double anchoring combined with percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) for Kümmell disease.Methods:The clinical data of 24 patients with Kümmell disease who were treated with minimally invasive double anchoring combined with PKP in Cangzhou People's Hospital from October 2022 to March 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, there were 2 T 10 vertebrae, 5 T 11 vertebrae, 7 T 12 vertebrae, 6 L 1 vertebrae, and 4 L 2 vertebrae. There were 6 males and 18 females. The average age was 72.05±4.52 years (range, 66-80 years). The bone mineral density T value was -3.41±0.77 (range, -2.5-4.5). The stages of Li's Kümmell disease included 13 cases of stage II and 11 cases of stage III. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and volume of bone cement injected were recorded. The vertebral index, vertebral angle and Cobb angle of diseased segment were measured before and after operation. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to assess the degree of pain, the Oswestry disability index (ODI) and the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) low back pain scale were used to assess spinal function. The Medical Outcome Study short form 36 item health survey (SF-36) was used to assess the general health status of the patients. The postoperative symptom recovery was evaluated by Odom criteria. Results:The mean operative time of the 24 patients was 35.32±6.86 min, the injected volume of bone cement was 4.39±1.72 ml, and the intraoperative blood loss was 16.56±5.21 ml. All patients were followed up for 10 to 14 months, with an average of 11.7 months. Postoperative CT examination showed that the screw positions were satisfactory, and no loosening or displacement of bone cement mass occurred. On the first day after surgery, the vertebral body index, vertebral body angle and Cobb angle of diseased segment were 77.71%±2.75%, 12.40°±1.53° and 25.77°±4.49°, respectively, which represented significant improvements from the preoperative values of 43.09%±5.66%, 22.12°±2.92° and 46.98°±5.68° before surgery ( P<0.05). At the last follow-up, the values were 76.18%±2.32%, 12.41°±2.53°, 26.14°±4.87°, respectively, which were significantly improved compared with those before surgery ( P<0.05), but there was no statistical significance compared with the first day after surgery ( P>0.05). The VAS, ODI and JOA scores on the first day after surgery were 2.11±0.87 points, 22.46±5.49 points and 27.68±2.45 points, respectively, which were significantly improved compared with those before surgery 7.50±0.98 points, 76.25±8.56 points and 14.96±4.91 points ( P<0.05). At the last follow-up, the values were 2.26±0.88, 23.87±3.25 and 26.58±2.77, respectively, which were significantly improved compared with those before surgery ( P<0.05), and there was no statistical significance compared with the first day after surgery ( P>0.05). All 24 patients completed SF-36 scale assessment, and the results showed that there were statistically significant differences in physiological function, physiological role, physical pain, general health status, social function scores and mental health between the patients before surgery and the last follow-up ( P<0.05), while there were no statistically significant differences in vitality and emotional function ( P>0.05). At the last follow-up, the Odom criteria showed excellent results in 18 cases, good in 4 cases, and fair in 2 cases. Conclusions:The application of minimally invasive double anchoring (single nail fixation) combined with PKP in the treatment of Kümmell disease can effectively prevent the loosening and displacement of bone cement masses, and the fixation effect is satisfactory, which can restore the height of the injured vertebrum, reduce kyphosis and improve spinal function. The clinical symptoms of the patients were significantly improved, and the quality of life was enhanced.

In the past 40 years,Chinese pediatric cardiac ultrasound technology has made significant progresses from its initial exploration to becoming the core diagnostic tool in pediatric cardiology.The development of pediatric echocardiography in China,including iteration of equipment and technology,clinical application expansion and grassroots promotion standards were reviewed in this article.

The background of revising GB 19083-2023 Protective face mask for medical use was introduced.GB 19083-2023 was compared with GB 19083-2010 Technical requirements for protective face mask for medical use.The revision points were described in detail involving in dead space,total leakage rate,respiratory resistance,resistance to synthetic blood penetration,microbial indicators,biocompatibility and etc,and the convergence between GB 19083-2023 and international mainstream standards was analyzed.References were provided for the understanding of the standard for the production enterprises and consumers.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(1):73-77]

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of cancer related anemia(CRA)in older cancer patients undergoing multi-line anti-tumor treatment.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted,including patients with CRA who were≥65 years old and had received or were currently undergoing multi-line treatment at 9 hospitals in Beijing from June 1,2018 to September 30,2023.Data on gender,age,past history,family history,tumor type,metastasis site,clinical symptoms,blood routine,specialized examination for anemia,anti-tumor and anemia correction treatment were collected.The basic characteristics of the included patients,clinical symptoms,the status of blood cell reduction,treatment conditions,and the distribution of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome characteristics were analyzed.Results A total of 602 patients were included.The tumor types included lung cancer,colorectal cancer,gastric cancer,esophageal cancer,breast cancer,gynecological tumors,lymphoma.The overall median hemoglobin(HGB)level was 99.00(88.00,107.00)g/L.The HGB levels of patients with different tumor types showed significant differences(P<0.001).The HGB levels of patients with gynecological tumors were significantly lower than those of patients with colorectal cancer,lung cancer and esophageal cancer(P<0.05).The most common clinical symptoms were fatigue,loss of appetite,irregular bowel movements and pain.In terms of anti-tumor treatment,405 patients were receiving multi-line anti-tumor treatment(including combined chemotherapy,combined radiotherapy,combined targeted therapy,and combined immunotherapy),197 patients were receiving symptomatic supportive treatment after multi-line anti-tumor treatment.In terms of anemia correction treatment,183 patients received erythropoietin,folic acid,iron,vitamin B12,or blood transfusion,while 293 patients received TCM for correcting anemia(including Chinese patent medicines,Chinese herbal decoctions,combinations of Chinese patent medicines and Chinese herbal decoctions).Specialized tests for anemia,such as serum iron,total iron binding capacity,transferrin saturation,transferrin,erythropoietin et al,have a detection rate of only 3.65%～27.91%.In terms of the characteristics of TCM syndromes,the main TCM syndrome types of the patients were as follows:syndrome of spleen-stomach weakness,syndrome of qi and blood deficiency,syndrome of heart-spleen deficiency,syndrome of spleen-kidney yang deficiency,syndrome of liver and kidney yin deficiency.Some patients also have the accompanying symptoms of internal binding of static blood and poison,phlegm dampness retention.Further comparison revealed that the HGB level of older patients with CRA who had syndrome of spleen-stomach weakness was significantly lower than patients with other symptom types(P<0.001).The HGB level of patients with syndrome of qi and blood deficiency was significantly lower than patients with syndrome of spleen-kidney yang deficiency(P<0.01)and syndrome of liver and kidney yin deficiency(P<0.001).Patients with symptoms of internal binding of static blood and poison,or symptoms of phlegm dampness retention had significantly lower HGB levels compared to those without accompanying symptoms(P<0.01).Conclusion The rate of specialized blood test for anemia in older patients with CRA was relatively low.The most common TCM syndrome types were syndrome of spleen-stomach weakness and syndrome of qi and blood deficiency.The overall treatment rate was also low.The screening,specialized diagnosis and monitoring of older patients with CRA need to be given more attention,and treatment methods such as TCM,Western medicine,and integrated TCM-Western medicine should be selected based on the patient's condition.

Objective:To investigate the distribution and clinical significance of amniotic fluid karyotype results in 2 725 cases from southern Anhui.Methods:The karyotypes of amniotic fluid from 2 725 cases of second-trimester pregnant women treated in our hospital from Jan 2017 to Dec 2023 were collected.The annual abnormal detection rate and overall abnormal rate were analyzed.Meanwhile,the abnormal detection rate was compared among 8 groups of different clinical indication including adverse pregnancy history,advanced maternal age(≥35 years),high risk of Down syndrome screening,high risk of non-invasive prenatal testing(NIPT),nuchal translucency thickness(NT)≥2.5 mm,abnormal ultrasound findings,two or more concurrent positive indications,and others.The abnormal detection rate was calculated within high risk of Down syndrome screening and NIPT.Results:Significant differences in annual abnormal rates were observed from 2017 to 2023(χ2=19.705,P=0.003).Among 2 725 cases,233(8.55%)showed abnormal karyotypes.Among them,abnormal autosomal number was the most prevalent(4.41%,120/2 725),with inversion being the most common chromosome structural abnormality.Significant differences in abnormal rates were noted among the eight clinical indication groups(χ2=438.516,P＜0.01).No statistical difference was found in abnormal detection rates among the three high-risk subgroups of Down syndrome screening(χ2=0.323,P=0.851),while significant differences were observed within the high-risk subgroups of NIPT(χ2=100.901,P＜0.01).Polymorphisms were detected in 65 cases(2.38%).Conclusions:Chromosomal numerical and structural abnormalities have been detected in southern Anhui over the past seven years,with variations across subgroups.Karyotype analysis effectively detects second-trimester fetal chromosomal abnormalities,aiding in the prevention of birth defects and worthing clinical application.

Objective To investigate the effects of Ras-related protein Rab-2B(RAB2B)on the biological behaviors of pancreatic cancer cells and elucidate its underlying mechanism.Methods PANC-1 cells,which exhibit relatively high RAB2B expression,and BXPC-3 cells,which display relatively low RAB2B expression,were selected from five pancreatic cancer cell lines.RAB2B-siRNA and pcDNA3.1-RAB2B plasmids were transfected into PANC-1 and BXPC-3 cells using a cell transfection technique.The CCK-8 assay was employed to evaluate the prolif-erative capacity of pancreatic cancer cells following RAB2B intervention.Wound healing and Transwell chamber assays were utilized to assess the migratory and invasive capabilities of pancreatic cancer cells.Additionally,the mRNA and protein expression levels of RAB2B,NF-κB,and Fibronectin 1(FN1)were analyzed by qRT-PCR and Western blot(WB),respectively.Results RAB2B mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly down-regulated in PANC-1 cells following transfection(P<0.05).CCK-8 assay results demonstrated that the proliferative capacity of PANC-1 cells was markedly reduced(P<0.05),and the wound-healing ability was substantially impaired(P<0.01)upon RAB2B knockdown.Transwell assays revealed a significant decrease in cell migration(P<0.01),while Western blot analysis indicated that the expression levels of phosphorylated p65 and FN1 were notably diminished(P<0.01).Conversely,overexpression of RAB2B reversed these aforementioned alterations.Conclusions Knockdown of RAB2B in PANC-1 cells significantly suppresses cell proliferation and migration,whereas overexpression of RAB2B in BXPC-3 cells markedly promotes these processes.This effect is likely mediated through the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and the subsequent regulation of FN1 expression.

Inflammatory response is a common feature of many acute and chronic diseases,which involves in activation of various cell types.Similar to tumor cells,inflammatory response is regulated by glucose metabolic reprogramming.Cells involved in pro-inflammatory response,such as M1 macrophages,Th1 and Th17 lymphocytes,must generate energy rapidly through glycolysis transformed by glucose metabolic reprogramming to promote inflammation,while cells involved in immune regulation and anti-inflam-matory response,such as regulatory T cells and M2 macrophages,preferentially use fatty acid oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation as a main source for energy production.This article systematically reviews the role of glucose metabolic reprogramming in different stages of inflammatory response,as well as the various molecular mechanisms of glucose metabolic reprogramming in inflammatory response,including activation or inhibition of signaling pathways,epigenetic regulation,post-transcriptional regulation and post-translational modification,which aims to provide a reference for exploring the specific regulatory mechanisms of glucose metabolic reprogramming on inflammatory response and the therapeutic targets of inflammatory-related diseases.