Objective: To investigate the incidence, characteristics, and influencing factors of resolution discrepancies within the minipool (MP) testing model across Chinese blood station laboratories in 2024. Methods: A nationwide, multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted, including 334 blood station laboratories that reported nucleic acid reactive data among enzyme immunoassay non-reactive samples. Of these, 296 laboratories adopted the pool resolution model, with a total of 12 536 273 samples tested. Systematic analysis was performed on resolution data, focusing on the MP-NAT reactivity rate, the pool resolution concordance rate, and the resolution discrepancy rate. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on reagent types, viral targets, and Ct values. Potential causes were further explored through laboratory surveys and re-examination of raw amplification curves. Results: In 2024, the national average MP-NAT reactivity rate was 0.15%. The overall pool resolution concordance rate was 57.86%, which showed a gradual decline as Ct values increased across all reagents. The national average resolution discrepancy rate was 0.081‱(102/12 536 273), with 17.91%(53/296) of laboratories reporting at least one discrepancy. Nine reagent types were associated with these events, exhibiting reagent-specific patterns. For Reagent A2, the predominant discrepancy was HBV reactive pools resolving as HIV (36.36%); for Reagent D1, HBV pools frequently resolved as HCV (38.89%); and for Reagent E, the most common pattern was HIV pools resolving as HBV (48.00%). These resolution discrepancies were strongly associated with high Ct values: the median pool Ct for HBV exceeded 38, while those for HCV and HIV both exceeded 40. Investigations across 16 laboratories revealed that most discrepant samples exhibited “tailing” amplification curves, with some cases linked to cross-contamination or reagent batch-specific issues. Conclusion: While the incidence of resolution discrepancies in the MP-NAT model remains low in China, variations exist across different reagents and laboratories. These discrepancies are closely associated with low viral load, reagent performance, and laboratory operational practices.

Pulpotomy, which belongs to vital pulp therapy, has become a strategy for managing pulpitis in recent decades. This minimally invasive treatment reflects the recognition of preserving healthy dental pulp and optimizing long-term patient-centered outcomes. Pulpotomy is categorized into partial pulpotomy (PP), the removal of a partial segment of the coronal pulp tissue, and full pulpotomy (FP), the removal of whole coronal pulp, which is followed by applying the biomaterials onto the remaining pulp tissue and ultimately restoring the tooth. Procedural decisions for the amount of pulp tissue removal or retention depend on the diagnostic of pulp vitality, the overall treatment plan, the patient's general health status, and pulp inflammation reassessment during operation. This statement represents the consensus of an expert committee convened by the Society of Cariology and Endodontics, Chinese Stomatological Association. It addresses the current evidence to support the application of pulpotomy as a potential alternative to root canal treatment (RCT) on mature permanent teeth with pulpitis from a biological basis, the development of capping biomaterial, and the diagnostic considerations to evidence-based medicine. This expert statement intends to provide a clinical protocol of pulpotomy, which facilitates practitioners in choosing the optimal procedure and increasing their confidence in this rapidly evolving field.
Humans ; Calcium Compounds/therapeutic use* ; Consensus ; Dental Pulp ; Dentition, Permanent ; Oxides/therapeutic use* ; Pulpitis/therapy* ; Pulpotomy/standards*

Instrument separation is a critical complication during root canal therapy, impacting treatment success and long-term tooth preservation. The etiology of instrument separation is multifactorial, involving the intricate anatomy of the root canal system, instrument-related factors, and instrumentation techniques. Instrument separation can hinder thorough cleaning, shaping, and obturation of the root canal, posing challenges to successful treatment outcomes. Although retrieval of separated instrument is often feasible, it carries risks including perforation, excessive removal of tooth structure and root fractures. Effective management of separated instruments requires a comprehensive understanding of the contributing factors, meticulous preoperative assessment, and precise evaluation of the retrieval difficulty. The application of appropriate retrieval techniques is essential to minimize complications and optimize clinical outcomes. The current manuscript provides a framework for understanding the causes, risk factors, and clinical management principles of instrument separation. By integrating effective strategies, endodontists can enhance decision-making, improve endodontic treatment success and ensure the preservation of natural dentition.
Humans ; Root Canal Therapy/adverse effects* ; Consensus ; Root Canal Preparation/adverse effects*

Radiochemotherapy-induced oral mucositis (OM) is a common oral complication in patients with tumors following head and neck radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Erosion and ulcers are the main features of OM that seriously affect the quality of life of patients and even the progress of tumor treatment. To date, differences in clinical prevention and treatment plans for OM have been noted among doctors of various specialties, which has increased the uncertainty of treatment effects. On the basis of current research evidence, this expert consensus outlines risk factors, clinical manifestations, clinical grading, ancillary examinations, diagnostic basis, prevention and treatment strategies and efficacy indicators for OM. In addition to strategies such as basic oral care, anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents, anti-infective agents, pro-healing agents, and photobiotherapy recommended in previous guidelines, we also emphasize the role of traditional Chinese medicine in OM prevention and treatment. This expert consensus aims to provide references and guidance for dental physicians and oncologists in formulating strategies for OM prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, standardizing clinical practice, reducing OM occurrence, promoting healing, and improving the quality of life of patients.
Humans ; Chemoradiotherapy/adverse effects* ; Consensus ; Risk Factors ; Stomatitis/etiology*

The aim of this investigation was to determine the optimal storage medium for testicular hypothermic transportation and identify the ideal concentration for the application of the protective agent 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA). Furthermore, this study aimed to explore the underlying mechanism of the protective effects of 5-ALA. First, we collected and stored mouse testicular fragments in different media, including Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS; n = 5), Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium/Nutrient Mixture F-12 (DMEM/F12; n = 5), and alpha-minimum essential medium (αMEM; n = 5). Storage of testicular tissue in HBSS preserved the integrity of testicular morphology better than that in the DMEM/F12 group ( P < 0.05) and the αMEM group ( P < 0.01). Testicular fragments were subsequently placed in HBSS with various concentrations of 5-ALA (0 [control], 1 mmol l -1 , 2 mmol l -1 , and 5 mmol l -1 ) to determine the most effective concentration of 5-ALA. The 2 mmol l -1 5-ALA group ( n = 3) presented the highest positive rate of spermatogonial stem cells compared with those in the control, 1 mmol l -1 , and 5 mmol l -1 5-ALA groups. Finally, the tissue fragments were preserved in HBSS with control ( n = 3) and 2 mmol l -1 5-ALA ( n = 3) under low-temperature conditions. A comparative analysis was performed against fresh testes ( n = 3) to elucidate the underlying mechanism of 5-ALA. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) for WikiPathways revealed that the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway was downregulated in the 2 mmol l -1 5-ALA group compared with that in the control group (normalized enrichment score [NES] = -1.57, false discovery rate [FDR] = 0.229, and P = 0.019). In conclusion, these data suggest that using 2 mmol l -1 5-ALA in HBSS effectively protected the viability of spermatogonial stem cells upon hypothermic transportation.
Male ; Animals ; Testis/cytology* ; Aminolevulinic Acid/pharmacology* ; Mice ; Organ Preservation/methods* ; Organ Preservation Solutions/pharmacology* ; Cryopreservation/methods*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of low-dose irradiated autologous peripheral blood reinfusion (LDIAPBR) on a rat model of radiation-induced leukopenia. METHODS: The rats were randomly divided into four groups. In the LDIAPBR group, LDIAPBR was performed 1 day before modeling (10% of the total circulating blood volume was withdrawn, irradiated with 100 mGy ex vivo, and completely reinfused). Meanwhile, the normal group and model group only underwent blood withdrawal and reinfusion of the same proportion without blood irradiation. Except for the normal group, all groups were subjected to 1 Gy X-ray whole-body irradiation to establish a radiation-induced leukopenia rat model. The positive drug group received subcutaneous injection of rhG-CSF after modeling. It was monitored that the general condition of the rats, peripheral blood cell counts, immune organ indices, bone marrow nucleated cell counts and viability, and the pathological analysis of bone marrow sections was conducted. RESULTS: The LDIAPBR group exhibited significant improvements in overall condition compared to the model group. Notably, compared with the model group, peripheral blood leukocyte and lymphocyte counts were markedly higher in the LDIAPBR group. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in both the number and viability of nucleated cells in the bone marrow. Pathological examination of bone marrow sections revealed increased nucleated cell density and reduced cavity area in the LDIAPBR group. CONCLUSION LDIAPBR can effectively improve hematological parameters and bone marrow hematopoietic function in a rat model of radiation-induced leukopenia, providing a new approach for the prevention and treatment of radiation-related injuries.
Animals ; Leukopenia/prevention & control* ; Rats ; Blood Transfusion, Autologous ; Whole-Body Irradiation ; Radiation Injuries, Experimental/therapy*

With the increasing demand for dynamic,real-time and rapid qualitative analysis of chemical composition in areas such as emergency response and space exploration,chip-scale mass spectrometers have attracted significant attention.These devices are expected to drive the integration of mass spectrometry with micro/nano-fabrication and intelligent sensing technologies,fostering profound innovation and breakthroughs in analytical chemistry.As an excellent mass analyzer,the ion trap exhibits numerous advantages,and its miniaturization creates favorable conditions for the high-density integration of miniature mass spectrometers.However,the reduction in ion storage capacity may compromise its sensitivity and dynamic range,rendering the study of ion unidirectional ejection in highly miniaturized ion traps of significant practical importance.In this work,a research was conducted on achieving efficient ion unidirectional ejection while maintaining high mass resolution in the extremely miniature hyperbolic linear ion trap(M-HLIT)with a field radius of 1 mm,and an electric field compensation method was proposed,which combined asymmetric electrode stretching and unbalanced RF voltage to achieve high-precision optimization of the electric field composition.Simulations showed that in an ideal structure,this method achieved 100％unidirectional ejection efficiency with the mass resolution of 518,significantly outperforming traditional asymmetric structure method(365)and unbalanced voltage method(321).Following the introduction of ion ejection slots,further optimization through bidirectional stretching and electrical parameters improved the resolution to 790 while maintaining a unidirectional ejection efficiency of 93％.This method eliminated the requirement for additional excitation voltage,offering an ideal solution for the miniature mass analyzer with high detection performance of chip-level mass spectrometers.

Abstract Kidney stones are common and frequently occurring diseases in urology. In recent years, the incidence of urinary stones has increased year by year, affecting people′s quality of life and aggravating the social and economic burden. The occurrence and development of kidney stones are closely related to metabolic factors. This review mainly conducts a systematic overview of the research on the relationship between electrolyte metabolism abnormalities, dyslipidemias and other metabolic disorder diseases and kidney stones in recent years.By exploring the relationship between various metabolic disorder diseases and kidney stones, this review provides reference for exploring the occurrence and development of kidney stones from the perspective of metabolism.

Turning to critical illness is a common stage of various diseases and injuries before death. Patients usually have complex health conditions, while the treatment process involves a wide range of content, along with high requirements for doctor′s professionalism and multi-specialty teamwork, as well as a great demand for time-sensitive treatments. However, this is not matched with critical care professionals and the current state of medical care in China. Telemedicine, which shortens the distance of medical professionals and the gap of disease diagnosis and treatments in various regions through electronic information, can effectively solve the current problem. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a standardized, high-quality visualization telemedicine round system .Therefore, experts have been organized to search domestic and foreign literature on telemedicine round for critically ill patients and to form this consensus based on clinical experiences so as to further improve the level of critical care treatments in regions.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of simultaneous multi-slice(SMS)acquisition combined with single-shot echo-planar imaging(SSEPI)multi-model diffusion weighted imaging(DWI)for breast lesions.Methods Totally 108 cases of breast lesions were retrospectively enrolled and divided into malignant group(n=66)and benign group(n=42)based on pathology.3.0T MR scanner was used to acquire SSEPI and SMS-SSEPI multi-b values DWI,7 derived parameters were obtained through post-processing with mono-exponential,fractional-order calculus(FROC)and continuous-time random walk(CTRW)models.Then the imaging quality and derived parameters of SMS-SSEPI and SSEPI DWI were compared between groups.Spearman correlation analysis was performed to explore the relationships of corresponding parameters between SMS-SSEPI DWI and SSEPI DWI.Diagnostic performance of each parameter for distinguishing malignant and benign lesions was evaluated according to the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC).Results Background noise score of SMS-SSEPI DWI was lower than that of SSEPI DWI(P＜0.05),whereas no significant difference of overall imaging quality,normal anatomical structure depiction,lesion conspicuity,geometric distortion,signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)nor contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR)was found between SMS-SSEPI DWI and SSEPI DWI(all P＞0.05).Parameters derived from SMS-SSEPI DWI were all moderately to highly positively correlated with those from SSEPI DWI(rs=0.66-0.98).Malignant lesions exhibited significantly lower apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC),diffusion coefficient based on FROC(DFROC),fractional order derivative in space(βFROC),diffusion coefficient based on CTRW(DCTRW),temporal diffusion heterogeneity index(αCTRW)and spatial diffusion heterogeneity index(βCTRW)values,but higher spatial parameter(μFROC)value than benign lesions(all P＜0.05).AUC of SMS-SSEPI DWI derived parameters for differentiating malignant from benign lesions were 0.699-0.900,of those from SSEPI DWI were 0.654-0.887,while in both SMS-SSEPI DWI and SSEPI DWI,DFROC had the highest diagnostic efficacy(AUC=0.900,0.887).Conclusion SMS-SSEPI DWI could be used to effectively differentiate malignant and benign breast lesions.