Objective: To analyze the structural changes in whole blood and apheresis platelet donations in Chinese Society of Blood Transfusion (CSBT) sentinel units from 2021 to 2025, and to provide evidence for donor recruitment and blood service management. Methods: Aggregated data reported by sentinel sites were collected and stratified according to six indicators: age, sex, donation history, donation volume, donation site, and organization mode. Pearson χ test, Cramer′V coefficient, Cochran-Armitage trend test and simple linear regression were adopted for analysis. Results: A total of 16 256 973 whole blood donations and 1 576 546 apheresis platelet donations were included. Among whole-blood donations, the proportion of donors aged 18-22 years decreased from 27.30% to 10.60%. The proportion of male donors increased from 58.81% to 63.13%; the proportion of people aged 30 and above increased from 58.40% to 75.30%; the proportion of fixed locations rose from 28.37% to 36.57%; the proportion of social groups increased from 21.69% to 39.69%. The 400-mL donations decreased from 62.12% to 53.46%, while individually initiated voluntary donations remained above 50%. Apheresis platelet donations were predominantly from males, individuals aged 30-39 years, and repeat donors; 2-treatment-unit apheresis platelet donations increased from 67.19% to 74.93%, and individually initiated donations accounted for 92.97%-96.02%. Statistically significant overall annual compositional differences were observed for all six indicators (all P<0.001), whereas linear trends for some sub-categories were not statistically significant. Conclusion: In the participating CSBT sentinel units, among whole blood donations, the proportions of donors aged 18-22 years, university-organized group donations, and donations at blood mobiles decreased, whereas the proportions of organizational group donations and donations at fixed venues increased. The apheresis platelet donation cohort is relatively mature and is evolving toward a high-efficiency donation model. Individual voluntary donation remains the primary organization mode for both donation types. Strategies such as youth donor recruitment, optimized layout of fixed donation sites, and retention of repeat donors should be strengthened to improve the resilience of blood supply.

A centrifugation-free,single-reaction colorimetric method for detection of glucose,utilizing a dual nanozyme cascade system based on gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)and iron-doped carbon dots(FeCDs),was developed in this work.The AuNPs exhibited glucose oxidase-like activity to catalyze glucose oxidation for generation of H2O2,while the FeCDs demonstrated peroxidase-like activity to subsequently catalyze the H2O2-mediated oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine(TMB).To prevent interference from the blue signal generated by self-aggregation of AuNPs in subsequent quantitative detection,the reaction system was terminated with HCl,converting oxTMB into a stable yellow product.Based on changes in the absorbance at 450 nm of this yellow solution,a quantitative relationship was established between glucose concentration and absorbance at 450 nm(A450).Experimental results demonstrated that this sensor achieved a linear detection range of 44 μmol/L to 11.11 mmol/L(R2=0.993)with a detection limit of 30.68 μmol/L and spiked recoveries of 97.9%-104.7%.By integrating smartphone-based color recognition capabilities,a rapid visual detection platform was established for quantification of glucose through RGB analysis.The validation experimental results using commercial glucose injection samples further confirmed the practical application potential of this methodology.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of cancer related anemia(CRA)in older cancer patients undergoing multi-line anti-tumor treatment.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted,including patients with CRA who were≥65 years old and had received or were currently undergoing multi-line treatment at 9 hospitals in Beijing from June 1,2018 to September 30,2023.Data on gender,age,past history,family history,tumor type,metastasis site,clinical symptoms,blood routine,specialized examination for anemia,anti-tumor and anemia correction treatment were collected.The basic characteristics of the included patients,clinical symptoms,the status of blood cell reduction,treatment conditions,and the distribution of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome characteristics were analyzed.Results A total of 602 patients were included.The tumor types included lung cancer,colorectal cancer,gastric cancer,esophageal cancer,breast cancer,gynecological tumors,lymphoma.The overall median hemoglobin(HGB)level was 99.00(88.00,107.00)g/L.The HGB levels of patients with different tumor types showed significant differences(P<0.001).The HGB levels of patients with gynecological tumors were significantly lower than those of patients with colorectal cancer,lung cancer and esophageal cancer(P<0.05).The most common clinical symptoms were fatigue,loss of appetite,irregular bowel movements and pain.In terms of anti-tumor treatment,405 patients were receiving multi-line anti-tumor treatment(including combined chemotherapy,combined radiotherapy,combined targeted therapy,and combined immunotherapy),197 patients were receiving symptomatic supportive treatment after multi-line anti-tumor treatment.In terms of anemia correction treatment,183 patients received erythropoietin,folic acid,iron,vitamin B12,or blood transfusion,while 293 patients received TCM for correcting anemia(including Chinese patent medicines,Chinese herbal decoctions,combinations of Chinese patent medicines and Chinese herbal decoctions).Specialized tests for anemia,such as serum iron,total iron binding capacity,transferrin saturation,transferrin,erythropoietin et al,have a detection rate of only 3.65%～27.91%.In terms of the characteristics of TCM syndromes,the main TCM syndrome types of the patients were as follows:syndrome of spleen-stomach weakness,syndrome of qi and blood deficiency,syndrome of heart-spleen deficiency,syndrome of spleen-kidney yang deficiency,syndrome of liver and kidney yin deficiency.Some patients also have the accompanying symptoms of internal binding of static blood and poison,phlegm dampness retention.Further comparison revealed that the HGB level of older patients with CRA who had syndrome of spleen-stomach weakness was significantly lower than patients with other symptom types(P<0.001).The HGB level of patients with syndrome of qi and blood deficiency was significantly lower than patients with syndrome of spleen-kidney yang deficiency(P<0.01)and syndrome of liver and kidney yin deficiency(P<0.001).Patients with symptoms of internal binding of static blood and poison,or symptoms of phlegm dampness retention had significantly lower HGB levels compared to those without accompanying symptoms(P<0.01).Conclusion The rate of specialized blood test for anemia in older patients with CRA was relatively low.The most common TCM syndrome types were syndrome of spleen-stomach weakness and syndrome of qi and blood deficiency.The overall treatment rate was also low.The screening,specialized diagnosis and monitoring of older patients with CRA need to be given more attention,and treatment methods such as TCM,Western medicine,and integrated TCM-Western medicine should be selected based on the patient's condition.

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of patients with extranasal NK/T-cell lymphoma(NKTCL).Methods:The clinical data of 138 patients with NKTCL diagnosed in 10 medical centers of Huaihai Lymphoma Working Group from June 2015 to April 2021 were collected and analyzed retrospectively.The differences in clinicopathological characteristics of patients with different involvement and efficacy of pegaspargase regimen were compared,as well as perform survival analysis.Results:A total of 138 extranasal NKTCL patients were included,with a median age of 46 years,and the ratio of males to females was approximately 2∶1.There were 39 patients with gastrointestinal involvement,32 patients with oropharyngeal involvement,17 patients with skin involvement,11 patients with lymph node involvement,11 patients with orbital involvement,and 28 patients with other parts involvement.Patients with skin involvement had a higher proportion of advanced disease and a lower proportion of CD56 positive rate compared to those with oropharyngeal involvement.Among the patients with gastrointestinal involvement,the survival rate of patients who received pegaspargase regimen was significantly higher than those who were treated without pegaspargase(P＜0.01).Multivariate analysis showed that serum creatinine was an independent prognostic factor for patients with skin involvement(HR=1.027,95％CI:1.001-1.054,P=0.040),ECOG PS and EBV DNA were independent prognostic factors for patients with gastrointestinal involvement(HR=2.635,95％CI:1.096-6.338,P=0.030;HR=4.772,95％CI:1.092-20.854,P=0.038),and ECOG PS and CA stage were independent prognostic factors for patients with oropharyngeal involvement(HR=13.875,95％CI:2.517-76.496,P=0.002;HR=20.261,95％CI:2.466-166.470,P=0.005).Conclusion:The clinicopathological characteristics of extranasal NKTCL patients with different sites of involvement are vary,and effective individualized treatment need to be further explored.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of a domestically developed robotic surgical system based on fiber-optic dedicated line communication in cross-regional urological telesurgery.Methods:This was multicenter，single-arm，retrospective case series study. The data of patients who underwent urological telesurgeries using the telesurgical system between January 2023 and December 2024 were analyzed. The cohort included 59 patients from seven hospitals across China. Among the patients，47 were male（79.7%）and 12 were female（20.3%），with a median age of 63.0（56.0，68.0）years and a body mass index of（24.7 ± 3.0）kg/m 2. Surgical procedures included 32 radical prostatectomies，24 partial nephrectomies，one radical nephrectomy，one adrenalectomy，and one ureteral reconstruction. The perioperative indicators，pathological results and postoperative complications were analyzed. The network monitoring data were collected，and the perioperative data of patients，remote system monitoring data and costs were compared between the two communication modes of optical transport network（OTN）and cloud-connect network（CCN）. Results:All 59 remote surgeries were successfully completed，with a mean operative time of（138.0 ± 54.0）minutes，median intraoperative blood loss of 50.0（30.0，100.0）ml and a postoperative hospital stay of 5.0（4.0，6.0）days. No cases required reoperation，Clavien-Dindo grade ≥3 complications，or readmission. The geographical distance between the primary and remote surgical sites ranged from 450 to 2 800 km. Network monitoring revealed increased bidirectional latency with distance increasing：the shortest latency time（Hefei-Hangzhou，450 km）was（16.59 ± 0.80）ms，while the longest（Harbin-Hangzhou，2 200 km）latency time was（53.31 ± 0.31）ms. Average frame loss per procedure was 0?1.27 frames. The results of subgroup analysis comparing OTN and CCN communication modes showed no significant differences in operative time［（130.7 ± 70.5）minutes vs.（142.1 ± 42.9）minutes， P = 0.442］，postoperative hospitalization［6.0（4.0，8.0）d vs. 5.0（4.0，6.0）d， P = 0.581］，or readmission rates（0 vs. 0）. However，CCN demonstrated significant cost advantages with 500 RMB per operation vs. 3 000 RMB per operation for OTN. Conclusions:Urological telesurgery using fiber-optic communication is feasible. The CCN mode，with its cost-effectiveness，excellent usability，and multi-point interconnection flexibility，is currently the preferred communication model for telesurgical applications.

Objective To develop a deep learning model based on fundus retinal images to improve the detection rate of mild cognitive impairment(MCI)in patients with coronary heart disease,achieve early intervention and improve prognosis.Methods The study was a single-center cross-sectional study that retrospectively included patients diagnosed with coronary heart disease(CHD)by coronary angiography(≥50％ stenosis of at least one coronary vessel)from Beijing Anzhen Hospital between November 2021 and December 2022.The whole data set was randomly divided into the training set and the testing set according to the ratio of 8∶2 for model development.After that,the patient data of the same center from January 2023 to April 2023 were included in the time verification method to verify the model.The diagnostic criteria for MCI were MMSE＜27 or MoCA＜26.Four kinds of convolutional neural network(CNN)architectures were used to train fundus images,and a comprehensive vision model of MCI detection was established through model integration.The area under the curve(AUC),sensitivity and specificity of the receiver operating curve(ROC)were used to evaluate the performance of the AI model.Results We collected 5 880 eligible fundus images from 3 368 CHD patients.Based on the results of the MMSE scale,the algorithm was labeled,including 2 898 males and 527 MCI patients.The AUC of the deep learning model in the test group is 0.733(95％CI 0.688-0.778),and the sensitivity of the algorithm in the test group is 0.577(95％CI 0.528-0.625)by using the operating point with the maximum sum of sensitivity and specificity.With a specificity of 0.758(95％CI 0.714-0.802),corresponding to a validated AUC of 0.710(95％CI 0.601-0.818).Based on the results of the MoCA scale,the algorithm labels 2 437 males and 1 626 MCI patients.The AUC of the deep learning model in the test group was 0.702(95％CI 0.671-0.733).The operating point with the maximum sum of sensitivity and specificity was selected,and the sensitivity of the algorithm was 0.749(95％CI 0.719-0.778)and the specificity was 0.561(95％CI 0.527-0.595),corresponding to the AUC value of the verification group was 0.674(95％CI 0.622-0.726).Conclusions The deep learning algorithm model based on fundus images has good diagnostic performance,and may be used as a new non-invasive,convenient and rapid screening method for MCI in CHD population.

BACKGROUND:The reduction of contact area,edge load,and stress increase of adjacent cartilage caused by knee cartilage defect are considered to easily cause degenerative changes in this tissue,which may develop into knee osteoarthritis.Growth factors are considered to be a treatment method to promote the healing of damaged cartilage and delay the progression of degenerative arthritis.OBJECTIVE:To analyze the hotspots and prospects of growth factor-promoted knee cartilage regeneration research by bibliometric methods.METHODS:The first author retrieved 321 articles related to growth factor-promoted knee cartilage regeneration research from the Web of Science core set database.VOSviewer 1.6.19 software was used to analyze the publication volume,country,institution,keyword,and literature citation status of the articles,and investigate the research hotspots.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)From 2000 to 2024,the annual number of publications in the field of growth factor-promoted knee cartilage regeneration showed an overall upward trend,with the highest number of publications in 2021.Harvard University in the United States published the most papers.(2)Keyword analysis showed that the frequency of keywords such as growth factor,cartilage,cartilage repair,platelet-rich plasma,and cartilage regeneration was high.In addition,the keyword co-occurrence network diagram showed that growth factor was closely related to keywords such as cartilage repair and cartilage regeneration,indicating that growth factor research plays an important role in the field of cartilage regeneration.(3)The results of literature citation analysis showed that the combination of platelet-rich plasma and muscle-derived stem cells may provide a new and effective treatment strategy for patients with osteoarthritis,which can deepen the understanding of cartilage repair mechanisms by promoting stem cell proliferation and cartilage formation.Fibroblast growth factor 2,fibroblast growth factor 18,and insulin growth factor 1 play a key role in cartilage repair and can promote chondrocyte proliferation and matrix synthesis.In particular,fibroblast growth factor 18 can promote the repair of damaged cartilage,thereby alleviating patients'pain and dysfunction,which deserves further in-depth study in the future.The latest research has developed a new Polyhedrin Delivery System(PODS)that can continuously release growth factors such as bone morphogenetic protein 2 and 7,significantly promoting chondrocyte proliferation and cartilage repair.This system provides a new perspective and potential therapy for the treatment of osteoarthritis.(4)Therefore,bone morphogenetic protein 2,7,insulin growth factor 1,and recombinant human fibroblast growth factor 18 are promising growth factor therapies for promoting cartilage regeneration.In the future,further in-depth research on the mechanism of action of growth factors,optimization of treatment strategies,and strengthening of long-term efficacy and safety evaluation are needed.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) manual, sperm concentration should be measured using an improved Neubauer hemocytometer, while sperm motility should be measured by manual assessment. However, in China, thousands of laboratories do not use the improved Neubauer hemocytometer or method; instead, the Makler counting chamber is one of the most widely used chambers. To study sources of error that could impact the measurement of the apparent concentration and motility of sperm using the Makler counting chamber and to verify its accuracy for clinical application, 67 semen samples from patients attending the Department of Andrology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University (Chengdu, China) between 13 September 2023 and 27 September 2023, were included. Compared with applying the cover glass immediately, delaying the application of the cover glass for 5 s, 10 s, and 30 s resulted in average increases in the sperm concentration of 30.3%, 74.1%, and 107.5%, respectively (all P < 0.0001) and in the progressive motility (PR) of 17.7%, 30.8%, and 39.6%, respectively (all P < 0.0001). However, when the semen specimens were fixed with formaldehyde, a delay in the application of the cover glass for 5 s, 10 s, and 30 s resulted in an average increase in the sperm concentration of 6.7%, 10.8%, and 14.6%, respectively, compared with immediate application of the cover glass. The accumulation of motile sperm due to delays in the application of the cover glass is a significant source of error with the Makler counting chamber and should be avoided.
Humans ; Male ; Sperm Motility/physiology* ; Sperm Count ; Semen Analysis/methods* ; Spermatozoa/physiology* ; Time Factors

Objective:To explore the effect of the defect area and volume of intra-articular impacted fragments (IAIF) on the contact stress of the ankle joint surface.Methods:A 23-year-old male volunteer, 168 cm in height and 60 kg in weight, with no history of trauma or anatomic abnormality of the ankle, was selected. On the basis of a normal ankle finite-element model, IAIF-defect finite-element models were established. The first group consisted of IAIF-defect models with identical area but different volumes: on the distal tibial articular surface the defect area was 4 mm × 5 mm (20 mm 2), and the heights were 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm and 6 mm. The second group consisted of IAIF-defect models with identical defect volume but different areas. The defect volume was 90 mm 3, while the defect areas on the distal tibial articular surface were 2 mm×3 mm, 3 mm×3 mm, 3 mm×5 mm, 3 mm×6 mm, and 5 mm×6 mm, with corresponding heights of 15 mm, 10 mm, 6 mm, 5 mm, and 3 mm. Under a 600 N vertical load the contact stress of the ankle joint was calculated, and the finite-element data were recorded and analyzed. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze, separately for the two groups, the correlation between IAIF defect and the maximum contact stress (MCS) of the distal tibial articular surface, and simple linear regression analysis was performed to obtain regression equations. Equivalence zero testing was used to verify the correlations and to compare their differences. Results:For IAIF defects with the same area but different volumes, including 4 mm×5 mm×2 mm, 4 mm×5 mm×3 mm, 4 mm×5 mm×4 mm, 4 mm×5 mm×5 mm, and 4 mm× 5 mm×6 mm, the corresponding maximum contact stress (MCS) on the distal tibial joint surface were 3.846 MPa, 3.839 MPa, 3.835 MPa, 3.833 MPa, and 3.831 MPa, respectively, with an average of 3.837 MPa. The mean ±1% range is from 3.799 MPa to 3.875 MPa. The correlation analysis showed that the IAIF defects with the same area but different volumes were negatively correlated with contact stress ( r=-0.956, P=0.011). The linear regression equation was MCS=-0.0002×VI+3.851, where VI denotes IAIF volume. Equivalence zero testing confirmed that all measured values lay within the predefined ±1 % margin, satisfying the equivalence null hypothesis. For IAIF defects of identical volume (90 mm 3) but varying articular surface areas—2 mm×3 mm, 3 mm×3 mm, 3 mm×5 mm, 3 mm×6 mm and 5 mm×6 mm—the corresponding MCS values were 2.147 MPa, 2.812 MPa, 3.622 MPa, 4.476 MPa and 6.186 MPa, respectively (mean 3.849 MPa; equivalence band 3.811-3.887 MPa at ±1% of the mean). Correlation analysis demonstrated a strong positive relationship between identical-volume varying-area IAIF defects and contact stress ( r=0.996, P<0.001). The linear regression equation was MCS=0.168×AI+1.236, where AI denotes IAIF area. Equivalence zero testing indicated that none of the measured values fell within the predefined ±1% margin, failing to satisfy the equivalence null hypothesis. Conclusion:In posterior ankle fractures, the volume change of IAIF defects has no clinical significance in relation to MCS, showing a small negative correlation. However, the area change of IAIF defects is clinically significant in relation to MCS, demonstrating a larger positive correlation.