Aim To investigate the effect of Dahuang Tangluo pills(DHTL)on NOD-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)/cysteine aspartate proteolytic enzyme-1(caspase-1)/apodermic D(GSDMD)pathway-media-ted pyroptosis in db/db mice with diabetic kidney dis-ease(DKD)and the underlying mechanism.Methods Eight db/m mice were selected as control group,and forty db/db mice were randomly divided into mod-el group,low dose group,medium dose group,high dose group and dapagliflozin group,with eight mice in each group.The control group and model group were given equal volume normal saline intragastric adminis-tration,the low,medium and high dose groups were given DHTL solution of 0.9,1.8 and 3.6 mg·kg-1,respectively,and the dapagliflozin group was given dapagliflozin tablet solution of 1.5 mg·kg-1,and the six groups were given intragastric administration once a day for 10 weeks.The body weight of mice was meas-ured daily and the dose was adjusted during adminis-tration.Fasting blood glucose(FBG)and body weight were measured after administration.The levels of 24-hour urinary total protein(24h-UTP),blood creatinine(Scr)and urea nitrogen(BUN)were measured by au-tomatic biochemical analyzer.The levels of interleukin-1 β(IL-1β),interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-18(IL-18)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in re-nal tissue of mice were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The pathological changes of renal tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.The DNA damage in mouse kid-ney tissue was observed using in situ end labeling(TUNEL)staining.The mRNA and protein expres-sions of NLRP3,caspase-1 and GSDMD in mouse kid-ney tissues were detected by Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot.Results Compared with the control group,FBG,body weight,IL-1β,IL-6,IL-18 and TNF-α in the model group significantly increased(P＜0.01).The mRNA and protein expressions of NLRP3,caspase-1 and GSDMD in mouse kidney tis-sues significantly increased(P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,the levels of FBG,body weight,IL-1β,IL-6,IL-18 and TNF-α in each administration group significantly decreased(P＜0.05).The patho-logical morphology of renal tissue was improved in dif-ferent degrees,and the number of positive cells in re-nal tissue was significantly reduced(P＜0.05).The mRNA and protein expressions of NLRP3,caspase-1 and GSDMD in renal tissue of mice in high and medi-um dose of DHTL and dapagliflozin group significantly decreased(P＜0.05).Conclusions DHTL can im-prove the renal injury of DKD,and its mechanism may be through the regulation of NLRP3/caspase-1/GSD-MD pathway to inhibit pyroptosis and relieve the in-flammatory response of DKD mice.

Aim To explore the protective effect of an-thocyanin B2(PCB2)on hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)induced oxidative damage and apoptosis in human oli-godendrocytes(MO3.13)and the underlying mecha-nism.Methods The optimal concentration of H2O2 and PCB2 for action was screened,and divided into normal group,PCB2 group(100 mg·L-1 PCB2 treat-ment for 24 hours),H2 O2 model group(500 μmol·L-1 H2O2 treatment for 24 hours),and H2O2+PCB2 group(500 μmol·L-1 H2O2 and 100 mg·L-1 PCB2 co-treated for 24 hours).FRAP method was used to detect the antioxidant capacity of PCB2;CCK-8 meth-od was used to detect the survival rate of cells in each group,while LDH method was used to assess cytotoxic-ity.Microenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and ELISA were used to examine the levels of LDH,NO,H2O2,as well as the activities of CAT and SOD in each group of cells.Immunofluorescence and Western blot were used to detect the protein expression levels of NRF2,xCT,HO-1,ferritin,and GPX4 in each group of cells.FerroOrange fluorescent probe was used to de-tect the intracellular content of ferrous ions(Fe2+).Results H2O2 could induce MO3.13 oxidative dam-age and lead to cell ferroptosis,while PCB2 could alle-viate MO3.13 oxidative damage and ferroptosis.Com-pared with the H2O2 model group,PCB2 intervention could significantly increase LDH content in MO3.13,reduce NO and H2O2 content,and improve SOD and CAT activity,and up-regulate the protein expression levels of NRF2,xCT,HO-1,ferritin,and GPX4.Conclusion PCB2 can enhance cellular antioxidant capacity and alleviate H2O2 induced MO3.13 oxidative damage through the NRF2/HO-1/xCT/GPX4 axis.

Aim To explore the protective effect of PPARδ agonist GW501516 on neuro-vascular unit(NVU)injury induced by high glucose in vitro and its mechanism.Methods SD rat hippocampal neurons(Neu),astrocytes(Ast)and brain microvascular en-dothelial cells(BMEC)were isolated,purified and cultured in vitro,and NVU co-culture system was estab-lished.NVU co-culture system cells were divided into the control group,high glucose group(HG group),HG+GW501516 low,medium and high concentration groups(25,50 and 100 nmol·L-1)and HG+GW501516(100 nmol·L-1)+ANA12(TrkB inhibi-tor,5 μmol·L-1)group.NUV barrier function was e-valuated by transendothelial resistance(TEER)test and leakage test;the proliferative activity of Neu cells in co-culture system was detected by CCK-8 assay;the levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1β in cell supernatant were detected by ELISA;the levels of SOD,MDA and NO in Neu cells were detected by chemical method;the apoptosis level was detected by flow cytometry;the protein expression levels of PPARδ,Bax,Bcl-2,cleaved caspase-3,and BDNF/TrkB pathway-related proteins BDNF,p-TrkB,and TrkB in Neu cells were detected by Western blot.Re-sults Compared with the control group,the TEER val-ue decreased and leakage value increased in HG group;the proliferation activity of Neu cells decreased,the levels of TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β in supernatant and MDA and NO in Neu cells increased,and the SOD lev-el decreased;Neu cell apoptosis rate and expression levels of Bax and Cleaved caspase-3 increased,while the expression levels of PPARδ,Bcl-2,BDNF and p-TRKB/TrkB decreased(P＜0.05).Compared with the HG group,after treatment with different concentra-tions of GW501516,TEER value increased,leakage value decreased,proliferation activity of Neu cells in-creased,levels of TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β in supernatant and MDA and NO in Neu cells decreased,and SOD level increased,and apoptosis rate of Neu cells and ex-pression levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 were de-creased,and expression levels of PPARδ,Bcl-2,BDNF and p-TRKB/TrkB increased(P＜0.05)in a dose-dependent manner.However,ANA12 intervention re-versed the effect of GW501516 on NVU damage under high glucose conditions.Conclusion PPARδ agonist GW501516 improves in vitro NVU injury induced by high glucose by activating BDNF/TrkB signaling path-way.

Objective To investigate the effect of varying ureteral wall thickness(UWT)at the site of ureteral stones on the clinical efficacy of ureteroscopic lithotripsy(URL).Methods The clinical data of 164 patients with ureteral stones in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.According to different UWT,the patients were divided into the mild thickening group(84 cases,UWT<3.16 mm),the moderate thickening group(31 cases,UWT 3.16 to 3.49 mm),and the severe thickening group(49 cases,UWT>3.49 mm),and the differences of clinical related indicators among the three groups were compared.Results The incidence of postoperative renal colic and leukocyte disorder in the mild thickening group and the moderate thickening group were lower than those in the severe thickening group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The postoperative catheterization time in the mild thickening group and the moderate thickening group were shorter than that in the severe thickening group,and the incidences of secondary lithotripsy,residual stones and stone return to kidney in the mild thickening group and the moderate thickening group were lower than those in the severe thickening group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The length of hospital stay and hospitalization cost in the mild thickening group and the moderate thickening group were shorter/less than those in the severe thickening group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Conclusion With the increase of UWT(especially when UWT>3.49 mm),the incidence of postoperative complications and hospitalization cost of URL increase to varying degrees,and the surgical efficacy decreases.In clinical work,UWT measurement holds potential value in predicting the surgical efficacy and complications of URL.

Objective:To analyze the construction of human resources in specialized public health institutions in China,with a view to providing reference for strengthening the construction of human resources in public health in China.Methods:Based on the data of China Health and Wellness Statistical Yearbook,descriptive statistical analysis,Gini coefficient and health resource agglomeration were used to analyze the quantity and quality of human resources in specialized public health institutions and the equity of human resource allocation in different regions of China from 2012 to 2021.Results:From 2012 to 2021,the average annual growth rate of the number of specialized public health institution personnel nationwide was 4.10%,and the average annual growth rate of the number of specialized public health institution personnel per 1 000 population was 3.71%.In 2021,the Gini coefficient of human resources in China's specialized public health institutions allocated by population was 0.1002,and the Gini coefficient of the allocation of human resources according to the geographic area was 0.6706,and 21 provinces'health resource agglomeration value were greater than 1.Conclusion:the total amount of human resources in China's specialized public health institutions has steadily increased during the decade,and the quality has been greatly improved,but there is still a gap with the expected development goal;the development of human resources in different specialized public health institutions is not balanced;demographic fairness is better than geographic fairness in the allocation of human resources in public health,and there are significant inter-provincial differences.

Traumatic supraorbital fissure syndrome (TSOFS) is a symptom complex caused by nerve entrapment in the supraorbital fissure after skull base trauma. If the compressed cranial nerve in the supraorbital fissure is not decompressed surgically, ptosis, diplopia and eye movement disorder may exist for a long time and seriously affect the patients′ quality of life. Since its overall incidence is not high, it is not familiarized with the majority of neurosurgeons and some TSOFS may be complicated with skull base vascular injury. If the supraorbital fissure surgery is performed without treatment of vascular injury, it may cause massive hemorrhage, and disability and even life-threatening in severe cases. At present, there is no consensus or guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of TSOFS that can be referred to both domestically and internationally. To improve the understanding of TSOFS among clinical physicians and establish standardized diagnosis and treatment plans, the Skull Base Trauma Group of the Neurorepair Professional Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Neurotrauma Group of the Neurosurgery Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, Neurotrauma Group of the Traumatology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, and Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized relevant experts to formulate Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic supraorbital fissure syndrome ( version 2024) based on evidence of evidence-based medicine and clinical experience of diagnosis and treatment. This consensus puts forward 12 recommendations on the diagnosis, classification, treatment, efficacy evaluation and follow-up of TSOFS, aiming to provide references for neurosurgeons from hospitals of all levels to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of TSOFS.

Objective:To improve the aqueous solubility, biocompatibility, fluorescence, and sonosensitivity of curcumin, this study aims to transform curcumin into curcumin-derived carbon dots (Cur-CDs) to enhance the efficacy of sonodynamic therapy (SDT) of atherosclerosis (AS).Methods:Cur-CDs were synthesized via a hydrothermal method. The morphology was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, while Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were applied to analyze the chemical composition and surface functional groups. Optical properties were examined by UV-visible spectrophotometry and fluorescence spectroscopy. Cell proliferation and viability assay and a hemolysis experiment were performed to assess biocompatibility. The sonosensitivity of Cur-CDs was determined by the measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by Cur-CDs.To verify the effect of Cur-CDs-mediated SDT on macrophage phenotype, the M1 and M2 macrophage marker genes were detected via real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The ability of Cur-CDs in plaque detection was assessed through in vivo fluorescence imaging and ex vivo aortic fluorescence imaging. Atherosclerotic plaque mice were divided into five groups: control group, curcumin group, Cur-CDs group, curcumin + low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) group, and Cur-CDs+ LPIUS group. Aortic Oil red O staining and blood lipid level measurements were conducted to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of SDT on the plaques.Results:Cur-CDs exhibited a spherical morphology and a distinct lattice structure with the diameter of (1.87±0.35)nm. The aqueous solubility of Cur-CDs was about 10 5 times that of curcumin because of their abundant oxygen-containing hydrophilic functional groups.Cur-CDs at concentrations up to 500 mg/L had no significant impact on cell proliferation and viability, with a negligible hemolysis rate of <1%, indicating good biocompatibility of Cur-CDs. Cur-CDs exhibited a stable and excellent fluorescence with the maximum excitation and emission wavelengths of 420 nm and 530 nm, respectively. Cur-CDs had the potential to be used for plaque fluorescence imaging, with the fluorescence intensity at the plaque being significantly greater than that of curcumin( P<0.01). It was observed that Cur-CDs activated by LIPUS were capable of producing ROS, including 1O 2, ·OH, and ·O 2-, with the total amount of ROS exceeding that of curcumin( P<0.05). Cur-CDs-mediated SDT facilitated the transformation of macrophage phenotype from M1 to M2, with a more pronounced effect than that observed with curcumin-mediated SDT. Oil red O staining revealed the most significant reduction in plaque area and lipid content in the Cur-CDs+ LIPUS group, which was about three times greater than that in the curcumin+ LIPUS group, confirming the excellent efficacy of Cur-CDs-mediated SDT on plaques. Conclusions:The successfully prepared Cur-CDs exhibit superior aqueous solubility, biocompatibility, fluorescence, and sonosensitivity than curcumin, contributing to the significant improvement in sonodynamic efficacy on plaques.

Based on the long bud stage phenotype of a new Lonicera japonica Flos variety "Huajin 6", using "Huajin 6" and "Da Mao Hua" as materials, probing the mechanism of its phenotype formation. Detection of endogenous Jasmonic acid hormones (JAs) content; the genes related to jasmonic acid (JA) synthesis were identified by transcriptome analysis of Lonicera japonica; flower buds and flowers of "Huajin 6" and "Da Mao Hua" were collected at different periods, and the qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time PCR) technique was used to analyze the trend of the expression of synthesis-related enzyme genes in Lonicera japonica Flos during the bud stage. The study found that the content of JAs in "Huajin 6" Lonicera japonica Flos was significantly lower than that in "Da Mao Hua"; applying exogenous methyl-jasmonate (MeJA) to "Huajin 6" can restore its flowering phenotype, making it close to wild type Lonicera japonica Flos; there are significant differences in the expression of two allene oxide synthase genes (AOS), three lipoxygenase genes (LOX), and two allene oxide cyclase genes (AOC) in the flowers and buds of "Huajin 6" and "Da Mao Hua" at different periods. It is hypothesized that the low expression of JA synthesis-related enzyme genes in " Huajin 6" leads to the blockage of JA synthesis, which causes the formation of the long bud phenotype. This study laid a certain foundation for the genetic breeding of Lonicera japonica, provided a new idea for the improvement of Lonicera japonica varieties, and provided a reference for the study of JAs in plant flower organs.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of adult skeletal fluorosis caused by drinking tea-type endemic fluorosis in Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (hereinafter referred to as Yushu Prefecture), Qinghai Province, and provide scientific basis for prevention and control of the disease.Methods:In August 2021, one village was selected as a survey site in six counties (cities) in Yushu Prefecture, including Nangqian, Chindu, Yushu, Zadoi, Qumarlêb, and Zhiduo. Drinking water samples and 10 brick tea samples were collected from each village to determine the fluoride content in water and brick tea; at least 100 permanent residents aged ≥ 25, who had a habit of drinking brick tea and had lived in the local area for more than 5 years, were selected for X-ray imaging to examine the prevalence of adult skeletal fluorosis.Results:A total of 75 samples of residential drinking water were collected, with a fluoride content of (0.21 ± 0.05) mg/L, ranging from 0.11 to 0.34 mg/L; 60 samples of brick tea, with a fluoride content of (626.70 ± 157.27) mg/kg, ranging from 324.00 to 2 102.00 mg/kg. A total of 1 136 adults were examined, and 318 cases of skeletal fluorosis were diagnosed, with a detection rate of 27.99%. Among them, the detection rates of mild, moderate, and severe skeletal fluorosis were 20.95% (238/1 136), 6.07% (69/1 136), and 0.97% (11/1 136), respectively, with mild symptoms being the main. The detection rates of skeletal fluorosis in males and females were 29.09% (121/416) and 27.36% (197/720), respectively, with no statistically significant difference between the gender (χ 2 = 0.39, P = 0.533). Comparison of the skeletal fluorosis in different gender, the differences were statistically significant (χ 2 = 22.31, P < 0.001). The detection rates of skeletal fluorosis in the age groups of 25 - 35, 36 - 45, 46 - 55, 56 - 65, 66 - 75, and ≥76 years old were 6.86% (7/102), 22.37% (51/228), 24.02% (92/383), 37.44% (73/195), 43.48% (70/161), and 37.31% (25/67), respectively. The differences between the groups were statistically significant (χ 2 = 59.84, P < 0.001). Moreover, there was a statistically significant difference in the composition of skeletal fluorosis among different age groups ( H = 37.66, P < 0.001). The Spearman correlation analysis results showed that the severity of adult skeletal fluorosis was positively correlated with age ( r = 0.34, P < 0.001). Conclusions:There is a certain degree of prevalence of adult skeletal fluorosis in Yushu Prefecture. And as age increases, the condition of skeletal fluorosis becomes more severe.

Objective:To investigate the mid-and long-term clinical efficacy of modified Colonna arthroplasty in the treatment of unilateral dislocation type developmental dysplasia of hip (DDH) in adolescents.Methods:A total of 28 adolescent DDH patients with unilateral dislocation who underwent modified Colonna capsular arthroplasty from January 2016 to January 2018 in the 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of People's Liberation Army were retrospectively analyzed. There were 4 males and 24 females, aged 16.5±5.0 years (range, 10-25 years). The mean body mass index was 21.2±1.1 kg/m 2 (range, 18.7-24.1 kg/m 2). According to DDH classification, 10 cases were Tonnis type III and 18 cases were Tonnis type IV. The postoperative lateral center-edge angle, acetabular coverage, femoral anteversion angle and leg length discrepancy were measured. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, visual analogue scale (VAS) of hip pain, Harris hip score (HHS) and congenital dislocation of the hip score were recorded. Results:All patients successfully completed the operation and were followed up for 72.1±5.2 months (range, 60-84 months). The operation time was 81.6±4.3 min (range, 70-90 min), the intraoperative blood loss was 177.5±12.6 ml (range, 160-200 ml), and the hospital stay was 6.8±0.7 days (range, 6-9 days). The VAS score of the hip joint was 1.8±0.6 before operation and 2.3±0.6 at the last follow-up, and the difference was not statistically significant ( t=2.845, P=0.224). The preoperative HHS score was 57.1±5.9, and it increased to 87.3±4.0 at the last follow-up, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=-22.141, P=0.001). At the last follow-up, the femoral anteversion angle was 17.0°±1.5°, which was lower than that before operation 41.6°±2.4°, with a statistically significant difference ( t=-44.868, P=0.008). The leg length discrepancy was 10.2±2.3 mm, which was lower than that before operation (26.4±6.1 mm), with a statistically significant difference ( t=-12.892, P<0.001). The lateral center-edge angle was 28° (26°, 30°), and the acetabular coverage rate was 78% (76%, 79%). The curative effect evaluation standard score of congenital dislocation of the hip was 24 (16.7, 25.7) points, including 7 excellent cases, 14 good cases, 4 fair cases, and 3 poor cases. The excellent and good rate was 75% (21/28). Conclusion:The modified Colonna arthroplasty for the treatment of unilateral dislocation DDH in adolescents has good mid-and long-term hip function recovery and radiographic improvement.