To address the challenges associated with traditional medical treatment modalities that hinder the efficiency of healthcare delivery,and to facilitate the sharing of medical service information across multiple campuses via mobile platforms,the First Affiliated Hospital to Zhejiang University School of Medicine has proactively leveraged digital intelligence to innovate its medical service model.This program involved the development of a comprehensive process guidance service applet on the Alipay platform specifically for outpatient services.The applet offers intelligent support services,standardizes electronic authentication processes,coordinates medical resources across various hospital locations,and establishes an integrated service delivery system that seamlessly combines online and offline interactions.This approach has optimized the outpatient treatment process,enhanced the patient experience,and fostered standardized management of medical services across multiple campuses.

Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics and treatment outcomes of venomous snake bites in Yunnan Province from 2023 to 2024.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 1,727 snakebite cases collected from 16 administrative regions in Yunnan Province between January 2023 and December 2024,focusing on the following indicators:(1)demographic characteristics(age and gender distribution);(2)characteristics of injury events(location,time distribution,and affected body parts);(3)composition of venomous snake species;(4)clinical features and treatment protocols;(5)efficacy evaluation indicators(time for local symptom relief,duration of hospital stay,and follow-up results).Results High-incidence areas for snake bites in Yunnan Province included Wenshan(308/1727),Kunming(285/1727),Qujing(270/1727),Lincang(139/1727),Baoshan(120/1727),and Dali(105/1727),with incidents primarily occurring from June to September.The most frequently encountered venomous snake species were Ovophis and Trimeresurus,known for their hemotoxic venom.Bite victims were mainly young adults.Clinical manifestations primarily included pain and swelling,with bites mainly occurring on limbs and in mountainous or forested areas.Anti-venom treatment concentrated on anti-ancistrodon acutus serum.Swelling generally subsided within 2(2,3)days,with an average hospital stay of 4(3,5)days.96.46%of patients receiving standardized treatment fully recovered,with a follow-up disability rate of 0.35%.Conclusion The incidents of venomous snake bites in Yunnan Province have significant regional and seasonal concentration,with Wenshan,Kunming,Qujing and other areas being high-risk areas.The peak period of incidents is from June to September in summer,and the main types of snakes causing injuries are those containing blood toxins;The victim group is mainly young people,and bites often occur in the limbs,with typical symptoms of pain and swelling;The main treatment is anti snake serum;Snake bite patients who receive formal diagnosis and treatment have a higher recovery rate and a lower follow-up disability rate,but there is still a need to raise public awareness of standardized diagnosis and treatment for snake bites.

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of semantic and orthographic processing in school-age children with different reading abilities using event-related potential (ERP).Methods:Children aged 7-11 years old were recruited from the Learning Difficulties Clinic of Changzhou Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University and local elementary schools from September 2022 to December 2024. All the participants were divided into three groups: developmental dyslexia (DD) group ( n=28), DD-risk group ( n=21), and normal control (NC) group ( n=30). All subjects completed ERP tasks including Chinese character semantic priming and pseudo-character judgment tasks. The P200 and N400 amplitudes as well as behavioral indicators were recorded. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA by SPSS 27.0 software. Results:(1) P200 amplitude comparison: a significant interaction effect of task condition × electrode location × group was observed ( F(4, 152)=3.243, P=0.014, ηp2=0.079). Specifically, during the pseudo-character judgment task, the amplitude in the left frontal-central brain region was significantly higher than that in the right frontal-central brain region in the NC group ( P=0.003). In the semantic-related and semantic-unrelated tasks, the amplitudes of the DD group and DD-risk group were significantly higher than those of the NC group (all P<0.05). In the left frontal-central brain region, no significant difference in amplitude was found among the three groups in the pseudo-character task. In the right frontal-central brain region, the amplitude of the DD group and DD-risk group were still significantly higher than that of the NC group in the pseudo-character task (both P<0.05). (2) N400 amplitude comparison: the interaction effect of task condition × electrode location × group( F(4, 152)=2.237, P=0.068, ηp2=0.056), task condition × group( F(4, 152)=0.778, P=0.541, ηp2=0.020), electrode location × group( F(2, 76)=2.178, P=0.120, ηp2=0.054), task condition × electrode location( F(2, 152)=2.751, P=0.067, ηp2=0.035)were not significant.The main effect of group was significant ( F(2, 76)=10.346, P<0.001, ηp2=0.214). The amplitudes in the DD group and DD-risk group were significantly lower than that in the NC group ( P<0.05). The main effect of task condition was also significant ( F(2, 152)=53.710, P<0.01, ηp2=0.414). The amplitudes followed the order: pseudo-character judgment > semantically unrelated > semantically related (all P<0.05). The main effect of electrode location was significant ( F(1, 76)=4.511, P=0.037, ηp2=0.056). The amplitudes in the left frontal-central brain region((-2.54±0.33)μV) were significantly higher than those in the right frontal-central brain region((-1.94±0.30)μV) across all three groups( P<0.05). (3) Accuracy comparison: a significant interaction effect of task condition × group was observed ( F(4, 152)=10.260, P<0.01, ηp2=0.213). Specifically, for semantically related and unrelated tasks, accuracies in the DD group and DD-risk group were significantly lower than those in the NC group (all P<0.05), with no significant difference between the DD group and DD-risk group ( P>0.05). During the pseudo-character judgment task, no significant difference in accuracy was found among the three groups ( P>0.05). (4)Reaction time comparison: the interaction effect of task condition × group was not significant( F(2, 76)=2.896, P=0.063, ηp2=0.083). The main effect of group was significant ( F(2, 76)=11.181, P<0.01, ηp2=0.259). The reaction time in the DD-risk group was significantly longer than those in the DD group and NC group (both P<0.05). Conclusion:Chinese children with DD exhibit deficits in both semantic and orthographic processing: enhanced P200 amplitudes (reflecting insufficient attentional allocation and/or inefficient orthographic processing), preserved yet diminished N400 effects (indicating impaired semantic integration while automatic semantic priming remains intact). Children at risk for DD show similar neural profiles, suggesting that semantic and orthographic processing abnormalities may represent stable neurobiological markers of reading disorder development.

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of semantic and orthographic processing in school-age children with different reading abilities using event-related potential (ERP).Methods:Children aged 7-11 years old were recruited from the Learning Difficulties Clinic of Changzhou Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University and local elementary schools from September 2022 to December 2024. All the participants were divided into three groups: developmental dyslexia (DD) group ( n=28), DD-risk group ( n=21), and normal control (NC) group ( n=30). All subjects completed ERP tasks including Chinese character semantic priming and pseudo-character judgment tasks. The P200 and N400 amplitudes as well as behavioral indicators were recorded. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA by SPSS 27.0 software. Results:(1) P200 amplitude comparison: a significant interaction effect of task condition × electrode location × group was observed ( F(4, 152)=3.243, P=0.014, ηp2=0.079). Specifically, during the pseudo-character judgment task, the amplitude in the left frontal-central brain region was significantly higher than that in the right frontal-central brain region in the NC group ( P=0.003). In the semantic-related and semantic-unrelated tasks, the amplitudes of the DD group and DD-risk group were significantly higher than those of the NC group (all P<0.05). In the left frontal-central brain region, no significant difference in amplitude was found among the three groups in the pseudo-character task. In the right frontal-central brain region, the amplitude of the DD group and DD-risk group were still significantly higher than that of the NC group in the pseudo-character task (both P<0.05). (2) N400 amplitude comparison: the interaction effect of task condition × electrode location × group( F(4, 152)=2.237, P=0.068, ηp2=0.056), task condition × group( F(4, 152)=0.778, P=0.541, ηp2=0.020), electrode location × group( F(2, 76)=2.178, P=0.120, ηp2=0.054), task condition × electrode location( F(2, 152)=2.751, P=0.067, ηp2=0.035)were not significant.The main effect of group was significant ( F(2, 76)=10.346, P<0.001, ηp2=0.214). The amplitudes in the DD group and DD-risk group were significantly lower than that in the NC group ( P<0.05). The main effect of task condition was also significant ( F(2, 152)=53.710, P<0.01, ηp2=0.414). The amplitudes followed the order: pseudo-character judgment > semantically unrelated > semantically related (all P<0.05). The main effect of electrode location was significant ( F(1, 76)=4.511, P=0.037, ηp2=0.056). The amplitudes in the left frontal-central brain region((-2.54±0.33)μV) were significantly higher than those in the right frontal-central brain region((-1.94±0.30)μV) across all three groups( P<0.05). (3) Accuracy comparison: a significant interaction effect of task condition × group was observed ( F(4, 152)=10.260, P<0.01, ηp2=0.213). Specifically, for semantically related and unrelated tasks, accuracies in the DD group and DD-risk group were significantly lower than those in the NC group (all P<0.05), with no significant difference between the DD group and DD-risk group ( P>0.05). During the pseudo-character judgment task, no significant difference in accuracy was found among the three groups ( P>0.05). (4)Reaction time comparison: the interaction effect of task condition × group was not significant( F(2, 76)=2.896, P=0.063, ηp2=0.083). The main effect of group was significant ( F(2, 76)=11.181, P<0.01, ηp2=0.259). The reaction time in the DD-risk group was significantly longer than those in the DD group and NC group (both P<0.05). Conclusion:Chinese children with DD exhibit deficits in both semantic and orthographic processing: enhanced P200 amplitudes (reflecting insufficient attentional allocation and/or inefficient orthographic processing), preserved yet diminished N400 effects (indicating impaired semantic integration while automatic semantic priming remains intact). Children at risk for DD show similar neural profiles, suggesting that semantic and orthographic processing abnormalities may represent stable neurobiological markers of reading disorder development.

To address the challenges associated with traditional medical treatment modalities that hinder the efficiency of healthcare delivery,and to facilitate the sharing of medical service information across multiple campuses via mobile platforms,the First Affiliated Hospital to Zhejiang University School of Medicine has proactively leveraged digital intelligence to innovate its medical service model.This program involved the development of a comprehensive process guidance service applet on the Alipay platform specifically for outpatient services.The applet offers intelligent support services,standardizes electronic authentication processes,coordinates medical resources across various hospital locations,and establishes an integrated service delivery system that seamlessly combines online and offline interactions.This approach has optimized the outpatient treatment process,enhanced the patient experience,and fostered standardized management of medical services across multiple campuses.

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), as the third most abundant solid nutrient in breast milk, are critical for early infants growth. HMOs are not only involved in the development of the immune system, maintaining inflammation balance, regulating gut microbiota, and participating in the maturation of the digestive system, but also in the improvement of the brain's nervous system and the development of advanced cognitive functions such as learning and memory. However, the role of HMOs in regulating neural development remains unclear. Related studies have focused on the mechanism of the microbiota-gut-brain axis, indicating that there is a practical interaction between the gut and brain. The function of HMOs in children's neurocognition and the biological process of disorders via this mechanism has also been preliminary reported. This review aims to review the structural characteristics and species-specific characteristics of HMOs, and analyze the potential pathways of HMOs in infant nervous system development from the perspective of the microbiota-gut-brain axis.

Preterm infants significantly lag behind full-term infants in various behavioral and cognitive aspects of language development. The maturity of the nervous system in preterm infants may be a key factor limiting their language development. In terms of brain structure, preterm infants typically have smaller brain volumes, slower developmental speeds, and are more susceptible to injury, which may hinder the development of information processing and language abilities. Functionally, the brain activity patterns of preterm infants differ from those of full-term infants, involving different brain activation regions and network connectivity when processing language-related tasks. This suggests that preterm infants may require more effort or adopt different neural pathways for language comprehension and output. This article reviews the research progress on the neural mechanisms of language development in preterm infants to provide insights for further research in this area.

Objective: To investigate the molecular typing and drug resistance of Salmonella in market-sold raw livestock meats in Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide the basis for the prevention and control of drug-resistant Salmonella. Methods: Salmonella isolates were detected and serotyped from raw livestock meat samples collected from supermarkets, agricultural markets and restaurants in Shaoxing City between March and November 2023. Molecular typing was performed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Antibiotic resistance phenotypes and resistance gene analyses were conducted using broth microdilution method and whole genome sequencing. Results: A total of 34 Salmonella isolates were detected from 329 samples and the positive rate was 10.33%. There were 14 serotypes, with S. Rissen (9 isolates, 26.47%) and S. London (8 isolates, 23.53%) being dominant. PFGE typing revealed 31 band patterns and 23 banding pattern clusters of Salmonella, and the similarity ranged from 30.80% to 100.00%, without dominant band patterns. MLST identified 15 sequence typing (ST) types, and S. Rissen were all ST469 and S. London were all ST155. Salmonella strains exhibited high levels of resistance to tetracycline (44.12%) and ampicillin (35.29%). Thirteen resistance patterns were identified, with 8 multidrug resistant patterns (29.41%). There were 8 classes of 14 resistance genes, with aminoglycoside resistance gene aac(6' )-Iaa found in 100.00% of the strains. The highest concordance rate between the resistance phenotype and gene was observed for phenicol antibiotics (97.06%), while there was no concordance between the quinolone resistance phenotype and genes. Conclusions S. Rissen and S. London are the predominant serotypes in market-sold raw livestock meats in Shaoxing City. The PFGE band types of the Salmonella isolates show polymorphism distribution, and MLST are mainly ST469 and ST155. The isolates have high levels of resistance to tetracycline and ampicillin, manifesting multidrug resistance.

Objective:To explore the developmental characteristics of event-related potential(ERP) in cognitive function of recognition memory in children aged 6-12.Methods:A total of 130 normal children were divided into seven age groups (6 ( n=20), 7 ( n=17), 8 ( n=23), 9 ( n=24), 10 ( n=19), 11 ( n=15), and 12 years old ( n=12)) to perform a picture study-recognition task and record the reaction time, accuracy, and ERP components of all participants. SPSS 22.0 software was used for data analysis. Single factor analysis of variance and trend of variance were used to compare the response time and accuracy of 7 groups of children during the recognition stage. Pearson correlation analysis was used to study the correlation between the amplitude of the central midline N2 component and age. Paired t-test was used to examine the old/new effects of the amplitude of midfrontal N2 and midparietal P3 waves. Results:(1) The differences of recognition ability ( F(6, 123)=2.476, P<0.05), old picture reaction time ( F(6, 123)=6.461, P<0.001), and new picture reaction time ( F(6, 123)=4.163, P<0.001) among 7 age groups of children were statistically significant. Recognition ability of children aged 6 (0.61±0.24) was lower than those of 8-12 years old children((0.76±0.27), (0.76±0.10), (0.73±0.11), (0.75±0.10), (0.70±0.17) respectively)(all P<0.05). The reaction time of the old picture showed no difference among the children aged 6-9 (all P>0.05), and the reaction time of old picture of children aged 12 was shorter than those of 6-10 years old children (all P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the reaction time of new pictures among the children aged 6-10 (all P>0.05), and which in children aged 12 was shorter than those in 6-10 years old children(all P<0.01). (2) Age was positively correlated with the amplitude of the N2 component in the central region under the new ( r=0.488, P<0.001) and old picture( r=0.452, P<0.001) conditions. (3)At 6 years old, children showed old/new effects on the mid-frontal electrodes. At 7 years old, there were no old/new effects in either the mid-frontal or mid-parietal regions. From 8 to 9 years old, old/new effects appeared in the mid-parietal lobe. At 10 years old, old/new effects were present in both the mid-frontal and mid-parietal regions. At 11 years old, the mid-parietal lobe showed old/new effects. Finally, at 12 years old, negative old/new effects could be observed in both the mid-frontal and mid-parietal regions. Conclusion:There are three periods of changes in the behavior of picture recognition memory in school-age children. At ages 6-7, the accuracy rate is relatively low; at ages 8-9, it improves; and between ages 10-12, the accuracy rate stabilizes while also enabling faster judgments.Children's recognition memory retrieval process is more complex than their behavioral performance. Children have different tendencies toward strategies, but strategic transitions in recognition processing are not always beneficial for performance.

Objective:To explore the developmental characteristics of Chinese semantic and orthographic processing in normal school-age children by event-related potential (ERP) technique.Methods:Children aged 7-11 in an ordinary primary school in Changzhou were randomly selected and divided into 7-year old group ( n=21 ), 8-year old group ( n=21), 9-year old group ( n=19), 10-year old group ( n=20) and 11- year old group ( n=22) according to their age.ERP was recorded while subjects completed the Chinese character semantic activation task and pseudo word judgment task. Then the N400 and P200 amplitudes of school-age children under the conditions of semantic correlation, semantic uncorrelation and pseudo word judgment were collected, and the data were analyzed by three factors mixed design ANOVA.Data of behavioral accuracy and response time were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni correction was used for multiple hypothesis testing. The statistical software was SPSS 25.0. Results:(1)Behavioral results: the accuracy of semantic related and semantic unrelated tasks of children in the five groups aged 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 were statistically significant ( F=15.55, 4.01, both P<0.01), and the accuracy of children in the 7-year old group was significantly lower than those in the other four groups (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the accuracy of pseudo word judgment task among the five groups ( F=0.68, P=0.609). The response time of children in the five groups under semantic related and semantic unrelated tasks was significantly different ( F=3.90, 3.13, both P<0.05). The response time of the 11-year old group under semantic related tasks was significantly shorter than those of the 7-, 8- and 9-year old groups (all P<0.05). The response time of the 7-year old and 11-year old groups under semantic unrelated tasks was significantly shorter than those of the 8-, 9- and 10-year old groups (all P<0.05). (2)ERP results: N400 amplitudes of 7-, 8-, 9-, 10- and 11-year old children under semantic related tasks were significantly smaller than those under semantic unrelated tasks and pseudo word judgment tasks (all P<0.05). The N400 amplitude of the subjects gradually decreased with the increase of age, except that there was no statistical difference between the 10-year old and 11-year old groups under the semantic related task, between the 8-year old and 9-year old groups under the semantic unrelated task and the pseudo word judgment task, and between the 10-year old and 11-year old groups (all P>0.05), there were statistical differences between the other age groups (all P<0.05). P200 amplitude of semantic related task at 7-, 8-, 9- and 10-year old was significantly higher than that at semantic unrelated task (all P<0.05), and the amplitude of semantic related task at 7-, 8-, 10- and 11-year old was significantly higher than that at pseudo word judgment (all P<0.05). The amplitude of P200 gradually increased with age, and there were significant differences in pairwise comparison among other age groups ( P<0.05), except semantic related task and unrelated task among 7-, 8- and 9-year old groups, between 10- and 11-year old groups, and pseudo word task between 7- and 8- years old groups, 10- and 11- year old groups (all P>0.05). Conclusion:The semantic processing and orthographic processing of school-age children develop with age in a unique way. The age of 7 is an important period for cognitive development of Chinese language.The age of 8-9 may be a sensitive period for the development of brain plasticity, and the development slows down at the age of 10-11.