AIM: To observe the clinical outcomes of Phorcides analytic engine-assisted topography-guided personalized laser assisted in situ keratomileusis(LASIK)for the treatment of myopia and astigmatism in virgin eyes with the refractive astigmatism significantly deviating from corneal topography.METHODS: Retrospective clinical study. A total of 32 cases(42 eyes)with myopia and astigmatism that received corneal topography-guided personalized LASIK in the Ophthalmology Refractive Surgery Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from December 2019 to March 2021 were selected. The uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA), best corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA), refractive state and aberrations before and at 6 mo after surgery were recorded.RESULTS: There were 15 males and 17 females, with an age of 23.00(18.00, 29.25)years old; preoperative sphere was -5.75(-6.25, -4.00)D, and cylinder was -0.75(-1.38, -0.25)D. At 6 mo postoperatively, the UDVA exceeded the preoperative CDVA in 19 eyes(45%). The spherical equivalent(SEQ)of all eyes(100%)was -0.50 to +0.50 D at 6 mo postoperatively, and the postoperative SEQ of 23 eyes(55%)was -0.13 to +0.13 D. There were 33 eyes(79%)had a postoperative astigmatism ≤ 0.25 D, the target-induced astigmatism(TIA)was 0.94±0.96 D, and the surgically induced astigmatism(SIA)was 0.94±0.86 D, with no statistical significance between TIA and SIA(P>0.05). The astigmatism axial deviation ranged from -5° to +5° in 33 eyes(79%)at 6 mo postoperatively. Compared to pre-operation, the total higher-order aberrations and spherical aberrations within the central 6 mm diameter of the anterior corneal surface increased at 6 mo postoperatively(Z=-3.778, P<0.001; Z=-4.929, P<0.001); the postoperative coma aberrations had no change(Z=-1.763, P=0.078); the postoperative trefoil aberrations decreased(Z=-2.490, P=0.013). Compared to pre-operation, the Strehl ratio of the anterior corneal surface increased significantly at 6 mo after surgeries(t=-5.401, P=0.013).CONCLUSION: Using the Phorcides analytic engine to assist topography-guided personalized LASIK for the treatment of myopia and astigmatism in virgin eyes with the refractive astigmatism significantly deviating from topography-measured astigmatism can achieve good therapeutic effects. Postoperative UDVA exceeded preoperative CDVA in nearly half of the eyes, and the quality of postoperative corneal imaging was improved.

This study investigates the mechanism by which Xintong Granules improve myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury(MIRI) through the regulation of gut microbiota and their metabolites, specifically short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs). Rats were randomly divided based on body weight into the sham operation group, model group, low-dose Xintong Granules group(1.43 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)), medium-dose Xintong Granules group(2.86 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)), high-dose Xintong Granules group(5.72 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)), and metoprolol group(10 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)). After 14 days of pre-administration, the MIRI rat model was established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. The myocardial infarction area was assessed using the 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TTC) staining method. Apoptosis in tissue cells was detected by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL) assay. Pathological changes in myocardial cells and colonic tissue were observed using hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-6(IL-6), creatine kinase MB isoenzyme(CK-MB), and cardiac troponin T(cTnT) in rat serum were quantitatively measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) kits. The activities of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), creatine kinase(CK), and superoxide dismutase(SOD) in myocardial tissue, as well as the level of malondialdehyde(MDA), were determined using colorimetric assays. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing, and fecal SCFAs were quantified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). The results show that Xintong Granules significantly reduced the myocardial infarction area, suppressed cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and decreased serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines(TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), myocardial injury markers(CK-MB, cTnT, LDH, and CK), and oxidative stress marker MDA. Additionally, Xintong Granules significantly improved intestinal inflammation in MIRI rats, regulated gut microbiota composition and diversity, and increased the levels of SCFAs(acetate, propionate, isobutyrate, etc.). In summary, Xintong Granules effectively alleviate MIRI symptoms. This study preliminarily confirms that Xintong Granules exert their inhibitory effects on MIRI by regulating gut microbiota imbalance and increasing SCFA levels.
Animals ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects* ; Rats ; Male ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/genetics* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Humans ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism* ; Interleukin-6/genetics* ; Malondialdehyde/metabolism*

This study primarily aimed to investigate the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) and other common pathogens of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in spermatozoa of infertile men and their effects on semen parameters. These pathogens included Ureaplasma urealyticum, Ureaplasma parvum, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium , herpes simplex virus 2, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and Staphylococcus aureus . A total of 1951 men of infertile couples were recruited between 23 March 2023, and 17 May 2023, at the Department of Reproductive Medicine of The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (Kunming, China). Multiplex polymerase chain reaction and capillary electrophoresis were used for HPV genotyping. Polymerase chain reaction and electrophoresis were also used to detect the presence of other STIs. The overall prevalence of HPV infection was 12.4%. The top five prevalent HPV subtypes were types 56, 52, 43, 16, and 53 among those tested positive for HPV. Other common infections with high prevalence rates were Ureaplasma urealyticum (28.3%), Ureaplasma parvum (20.4%), and Enterococcus faecalis (9.5%). The prevalence rates of HPV coinfection with Ureaplasma urealyticum, Ureaplasma parvum, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium , herpes simplex virus 2, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus agalactiae , and Staphylococcus aureus were 24.8%, 25.4%, 10.6%, 6.4%, 2.4%, 7.9%, 5.9%, 0.9%, and 1.3%, respectively. The semen volume and total sperm count were greatly decreased by HPV infection alone. Coinfection with HPV and Ureaplasma urealyticum significantly reduced sperm motility and viability. Our study shows that coinfection with STIs is highly prevalent in the semen of infertile men and that coinfection with pathogens can seriously affect semen parameters, emphasizing the necessity of semen screening for STIs.
Humans ; Male ; Infertility, Male/epidemiology* ; Coinfection/microbiology* ; Papillomavirus Infections/virology* ; Adult ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases/complications* ; China/epidemiology* ; Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification* ; Chlamydia trachomatis/isolation & purification* ; Prevalence ; Mycoplasma genitalium/isolation & purification* ; Ureaplasma urealyticum/isolation & purification* ; Neisseria gonorrhoeae/isolation & purification* ; Enterococcus faecalis/isolation & purification* ; Streptococcus agalactiae/isolation & purification* ; Herpesvirus 2, Human/genetics* ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolation & purification* ; Semen/virology* ; Sperm Motility ; Spermatozoa/microbiology* ; Human Papillomavirus Viruses

OBJECTIVES: To study the effects of early respiratory training combined with swallowing function training on physical development and neurodevelopment at a corrected gestational age of 6 months in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). METHODS: A total of 69 BPD infants who could not be fed completely orally were prospectively selected from the Department of Neonatology of Hunan Children's Hospital between January 2018 and January 2021. Based on a random number table, the infants were divided into a conventional group (35 cases) and a training group (34 cases) (with 8 cases lost to follow-up; the final follow-up included 31 cases in the training group and 30 cases in the conventional group). Both groups received routine clinical treatment and care, while the training group additionally received respiratory and swallowing function training until the infants could independently feed orally. The weight, length, Gesell Developmental Schedule (GDS) results, readmission rate, and multiple readmission rate (two or more admissions) were compared between the two groups at a corrected age of 6 months. RESULTS: At corrected gestational age of 6 months, the training group had higher weight, length, and GDS scores in personal-social, language, gross motor, fine motor, and adaptive development compared to the conventional group (P<0.05). The readmission rate and multiple readmission rate were lower in the training group compared to the conventional group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Early respiratory training combined with swallowing function training for BPD infants in a neonatal intensive care unit setting helps improve physical and neurological development and reduces the readmission rate.
Humans ; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/physiopathology* ; Prospective Studies ; Male ; Female ; Infant ; Deglutition/physiology* ; Gestational Age ; Infant, Newborn ; Breathing Exercises ; Child Development

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of miR-483-5p on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells proliferation and stemness, as well as the attenuating effect of Pien Tze Huang (PZH). METHODS: Differentially expressed miRNA between HepG2 cells and hepatic cancer stem-like cells (HCSCs) were identified by a miRNA microarray assay. miR-483-5p mimics were transfected into HepG2 cells to explore the effects of miR-483-5p on cell proliferation and stemness. HepG2 cells and HCSCs were treated with PZH (0, 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 mg/mL) to explore the effects of PZH on the proliferation and stemness, both in non-induced state and the state induced by miR-483-5p mimics. RESULTS: miR-483-5p was significantly up-regulated in HCSCs and its overexpression increased cell proliferation and stemness in HepG2 cells (P<0.05). PZH not only significantly inhibited proliferation in HepG2 cells, but also significantly suppressed the cell proliferation and self-renewal of HCSCs (P<0.05). The effects of miR-483-5p mimics on proliferation and stemness of HepG2 cells were partially abolished by PZH. CONCLUSIONS miR-483-5p promotes proliferation and enhances stemness of HepG2 cells, which were attenuated by PZH, demonstrating that miR-483-5p is a potential molecular target for the treatment of HCC and provide experimental evidence to support clinical use of PZH for patients with HCC.
Humans ; MicroRNAs/metabolism* ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects* ; Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy* ; Hep G2 Cells ; Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects*

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of the gastric oxyntic gland adenoma(GOGA).Methods We collected 18 samples of GOGA,histopathological features and immunohistochemical staining were assessed.Main features of pathological diagnosis,treatment methods and follow-up were retrospectively analyzed.Results There were 18 patients,including 9 females and 9 males,aged from 36 to 86 years old.The endoscopic im-age showed a flat lesion with whitish in color or a polypoid protrusions.The size ranged from 0.3 cm to 0.8 cm.Hema-toxylin and eosin staining showed irregular glandular structures in the mucosal lamina propria,with branched and anas-tomosed patterns.The tumour demonstrating composed of chief cells hyperplasia with mild nuclear atypia.All lesions were confined to the mucous lamina propria.There was no atrophic within the peripheral gastic mucosa.Immunohisto-chemical examination showed positive for Pepsinogen-Ⅰ and MUC6.Gene mutation were analyzed in 2 cases using next generation sequence technology,and no KRAS and GNAS mutation had been detected.Endoscopic surgical treatment was performed in 11 cases,and biopsy forceps removal was carried out in 7 cases.No recurrence or metastasis was ob-served during the follow-up period of 1 to 58 months.Conclusion GOGA is a rare lesion,and appears to behave bio-logically benign.A full understanding of its histological morphology and biological behavior can improve the diagnostic ability of clinincans,and facilitate further research in the future.

Aim To investigate the effects of SAHA on the expression of P-gp and the pharmacokinetic pa-rameters of its substrate phenytoin sodium in rats under hypoxic environments.Methods Wistar rats were randomly divided into the normioxic group,the hypoxic model group,and the low-,medium-and high-dose vorinostat(SAHA)groups.Liver tissues were col-lected,and the expression levels of P-gp and HDAC5 were detected by Real-time PCR and Western blot.The morphological changes of liver tissues were ob-served by HE staining.Following intragastric adminis-tration of 50 mg·kg-1 phenytoin sodium to each group,blood samples were collected,and the plasma concentration of phenytoin sodium was determined u-sing UFLC-MS/MS to calculate pharmacokinetic pa-rameters.Results Compared with the normoxic group,the expression of HDAC5 in the liver tissues of hypoxia model rats increased,while the expression of P-gp decreased.After SAHA treatment,HDAC5 expression decreased,and P-gp expression increased.Among the SAHA groups,the medium-dose group showed the most significant effect,and HE staining re-sults indicated that this concentration did not cause damage to rat liver tissues.Compared with the normox-ic group,the AUC,Cmax,and T1/2 of phenytoin sodium in hypoxia model rats were significantly raised.After administration of the medium dose of SAHA,the AUC,Cmax,MRT,and T1/2 were significantly reduced,while CLZ/r was significantly increased.Conclusions Un-der hypoxic environments,the expression of P-gp in rat liver tissue is significantly downregulated,leading to increased systemic exposure of phenytoin,reduced clearance,and consequently elevated blood concentra-tions,raising the risk of central nervous system toxici-ty.In contrast,SAHA suppresses HDAC5 expression,thereby activating P-gp transcription and enhancing its efflux function.This results in decreased systemic ex-posure and improved clearance of phenytoin,signifi-cantly reducing drug accumulation in body and ulti-mately lowering the risk of adverse effects.

In response to existing issues in preventive medicine education in China, Chongqing Medical University has implemented a series of reform measures in the major of preventive medicine since 2017. The construction of national first-class major of preventive medicine adopted the concept of "student-centered and market-oriented". This major scientifically formulated the talent cultivation goal of "cultivating high-quality, innovative, and application-oriented talents", constructed a curriculum system centered around professional competency training, emphasized a teaching mode that integrated "digital intelligence empowerment" and "combination of theory and practice". Moreover, we aimed to advance the ideological and political education reform of the courses, refine the diversified evaluation system, and bolster the development of teaching staff and the assurance of teaching quality. Following these reforms, the major has made significant achievements in talent cultivation effectiveness, curriculum system development, and teaching mode innovation. In the future, the major will persist in deepening the digital intelligence transformation, fostering interdisciplinary integration, enhancing international cooperation, and continuously advancing the construction and reform of preventive medicine as a national first-class major.

Objective To develop an expert consensus on the subcutaneous injection of targeted drugs for breast cancer,to guide clinical nursing practice.Methods A consensus building group was established to create the initial draft of the consensus based on a review of literature.From December 2023 to February 2024,a total of 84 experts from various fields including breast cancer clinical nursing or medical practice,pharmacology,cancer hospital nursing or medical management were invited to participate in 2 rounds of expert letter consultations.Additionally,an on-site expert discussion meeting and an online expert finalization meeting were conducted to finalize the draft"consensus".Results The finalized consensus includes sections covering basic drug introduction,drug injection nursing(injection personnel,injection preparation,injection points,observation and recording after injection),nursing care for adverse reactions,patient education and follow-up.Conclusion This consensus is scientific and practical.It can serve as a valuable reference for clinical practice related to subcutaneous therapy using targeted drugs for breast cancer.

Objective To compare six representative Chinese standards related to hearing disability in terms of conceptual frame-works,definitions,classification,grading and assessment.Methods Using the framework of International Classification of Functioning,Disability and Health(ICF),World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0(WHODAS 2.0),International Classification of Diseases,Elev-enth revision(ICD-11),and World Report on Hearing(WRH),six national standards,such as Disability Assess-ment and Code for Life Insurance(Insurance Standard),Specification for Ability Assessment of Older Adults(El-derly Standard),Grading of Disability due to Human Body Injury(Judicial Standard),Standard for Identify Work Ability—Gradation of Disability Caused by Work-related Injuries and Occupational Diseases(Work Injury Stan-dard),Standard for Assessment of Disability Grades of Military Personnel(Military Standard),and Classification and Grading Criteria of Disability(Disability Classification Standard),were analyzed in dimensions of defini-tions,coding systems,classification and grading methods,and assessment approaches.Results In terms of definitions,Insurance Standard was relatively comprehensive,covering the dimensions of body func-tion,activities and participation in ICF,which was consistent with the definition of functional hearing in the WRH.Elderly Standard focused on body function.Judicial,Work Injury and Military Standards were more in-clined to physiological damage,emphasizing auditory structure and sensory functions.Although Disability Clas-sification Standard covering dimensions of activities and participation,it did not elaborate on functional out-comes.In terms of classification and grading,different from the WRH's recommendation of 20 dB HL as the stan-dard for hearing impairment,most of the six standards still used 40 dB HL or above as the threshold.For grading levels,Insurance Standard had nine grades,while Judicial,Work Injury and Military Standards had seven grades,Elderly Standard had three grades,and Disability Classification Standard had four grades.The basis for grading relied more on physiological measurements rather than functional performance.In terms of coding systems,only Insurance Standard referred to ICF codes,while the others mostly used self-defined numerical sequences or grade codes.In terms of assessment methods,the WRH advocated a comprehensive assessment integrating auditory ability,self-reports and participation restrictions.However,currently,only Elderly Standard involved subjective sensory scoring,and the others still mainly relied on objective methods,such as pure-tone audiometers,lacking assessment dimensions for social participation and environmental factors.Conclusion Hearing disability should be defined from three levels:hearing structure and function,activity and participa-tion,and environmental factors.However,China's six standards adopt different definitions,classifications,grad-ing systems and assessment methods due to their varying purposes and application scenarios.The majority of these standards are primarily based on body function,specifically hearing loss.Future standards for hearing dis-ability need to consider the introduction of the concept of functional hearing,to determine hearing loss and its im-pact on activity and participation.