The overuse of antibiotics in animal husbandry has resulted in escalating animal safety con-cerns,highlighting the urgent need for a safe and effective alternative to traditional acidifiers.necessita-ting the development of safe and effective alternatives to traditional acidifiers.This study investigates the antibacterial activity and underlying mechanisms of rare-earth organic acid complexes (Re-SOA),a promising alternative to traditional acidifiers,against three common poultry and livestock pathogens:Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,and Salmonella.A series of Re-SOA were synthesized via a liq-uid-phase method.Structural characterization using infrared spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectros-copy,and Raman spectroscopy confirmed successful complexation.The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum sterilization concentration (MBC) were determined using the Oxford cup method and agar dilution method,respectively.The results indicated a synergistic antibacterial effect of the Re-SOA complexes,demonstrating significantly enhanced antibacterial activity compared to organic acids (SOA) and rare-earth ions (Re3+) alone.The antibacterial activity of the Re-SOA complexes followed the order:Yb-SOA>Gd-SOA>La-SOA,with Yb-Ac (Ac:acetic acid) exhibiting MIC values of 0.27,0.53,and 0.53 mmol·L-1,and MBC values of 0.53,0.53,and 0.53 mmol·L-1 against the three path-ogenic bacteria,respectively.Further investigation into the cellular mechanisms of action using field e-mission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM),transmission electron microscopy (TEM),and tran-scriptome sequencing revealed that Re-SOA effectively inhibits bacterial growth by targeting key metabolic pathways,including carbohydrate metabolism,energy metabolism,amino acid metabolism,and biofilm formation.Re-SOA,as a novel antibacterial agent,exhibits high efficacy and safety.This research pro-vides a promising approach for developing novel antibacterial agents and offers a potential solution to the critical issue of antibiotic resistance in animal husbandry.

The overuse of antibiotics in animal husbandry has resulted in escalating animal safety con-cerns,highlighting the urgent need for a safe and effective alternative to traditional acidifiers.necessita-ting the development of safe and effective alternatives to traditional acidifiers.This study investigates the antibacterial activity and underlying mechanisms of rare-earth organic acid complexes (Re-SOA),a promising alternative to traditional acidifiers,against three common poultry and livestock pathogens:Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,and Salmonella.A series of Re-SOA were synthesized via a liq-uid-phase method.Structural characterization using infrared spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectros-copy,and Raman spectroscopy confirmed successful complexation.The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum sterilization concentration (MBC) were determined using the Oxford cup method and agar dilution method,respectively.The results indicated a synergistic antibacterial effect of the Re-SOA complexes,demonstrating significantly enhanced antibacterial activity compared to organic acids (SOA) and rare-earth ions (Re3+) alone.The antibacterial activity of the Re-SOA complexes followed the order:Yb-SOA>Gd-SOA>La-SOA,with Yb-Ac (Ac:acetic acid) exhibiting MIC values of 0.27,0.53,and 0.53 mmol·L-1,and MBC values of 0.53,0.53,and 0.53 mmol·L-1 against the three path-ogenic bacteria,respectively.Further investigation into the cellular mechanisms of action using field e-mission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM),transmission electron microscopy (TEM),and tran-scriptome sequencing revealed that Re-SOA effectively inhibits bacterial growth by targeting key metabolic pathways,including carbohydrate metabolism,energy metabolism,amino acid metabolism,and biofilm formation.Re-SOA,as a novel antibacterial agent,exhibits high efficacy and safety.This research pro-vides a promising approach for developing novel antibacterial agents and offers a potential solution to the critical issue of antibiotic resistance in animal husbandry.

BACKGROUNDBacterial vaginosis (BV) is one of the most common infectious diseases among sexually active women and is associated with the increased acquisition of a variety of sexually transmitted diseases. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of a non-antibiotic sucrose gel against an antibiotic metronidazole gel for the treatment of BV.

METHODSA randomized, double-blinded, multi-center, parallel-group, placebo-controlled phase III clinical trial was conducted at eight hospitals in China. A total of 560 subjects with clinically diagnosed BV were randomly assigned into three groups for vaginally receiving sucrose, metronidazole, and placebo gels, respectively, twice daily for five consecutive days. The efficacy of therapeutic cure, defined as an achievement of both microbiologic cure (a Nugent score of 3 or less) and clinical cure (a resolution of the clinical findings from the baseline visit), was evaluated at the 1st and 2nd test-of-cure (TOC) visits at 7-10 and 21-35 days after the start of treatment, respectively.

RESULTSTherapeutic cure rates for sucrose, metronidazole, and placebo gel groups were 83.13%, 71.30% and 0.92%, at the 1st TOC, and 61.04%, 66.67% and 7.34%, at the 2nd TOC, respectively. While there was no significant difference between the sucrose and metronidazole gel groups at the 2nd TOC (P = 0.305), and sucrose gel was more effective than metronidazole gel at the 1st TOC (P = 0.009).

CONCLUSIONThese findings suggest that sucrose gel restores normal vaginal flora more rapidly than metronidazole gel and can be used as a novel treatment for BV.

Administration, Intravaginal ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Humans ; Metronidazole ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Middle Aged ; Sucrose ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; Vaginosis, Bacterial ; drug therapy ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo objectively assess the effect of Qiming Granule in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy (DR) by fluorescence fundus angiography (FFA).

METHODSIn a multi-center, randomized, parallel controlled clinical trial, patients with DR were randomly assigned to the control group (calcium dobesilate capsule) and the test group (Qiming Granule). Changes in the retinal blood circulation time were recorded by FFA after 3 months of medication.

RESULTSSignificant reduction was observed in the retinal arterio-venous circulation time (AVCT) in both groups (P<0.01), the value was 7.635+/-3.149 s before treatment and 5.165 +/-3.382 s after treatment in the treated group, and 7.737+/-3.413 s and 5.313+/-3.472 s in the control group respectively. Qiming Granule also reduced the arm-to-retinal circulation time (ARCT, P<0.05). The value was 17.867+/-3.872 s before treatment and 15.643+/-4.648 s after treatment in the treated group, and 17.217+/-3.833 s and 16.312+/-3.613 s in the control group (P>0.05) respectively. The ARCT in the tested group was reduced, with a statistically significant difference post-medication (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONAs a Chinese medicine complex prescription, Qiming Granule may alleviate retinal hypoxia and ischemia by increasing retinal blood flow and improving the blood circulation.

Aged ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; complications ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retinal Vessels ; drug effects ; physiopathology