In recent decades,the incidence of human papillomavirus(HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma(OPSCC)has shown a marked increase.Significant changes have also occurred in the OPSCC diagnosis and treatment paradigm.Deter-mining HPV status prior to treatment is now essential,and radiotherapy/chemotherapy,immunotherapy,and minimally invasive surgical techniques have progressively emerged as key modalities for managing OPSCC.However,alongside these paradigm shifts,a comprehen-sive technical consensus guiding the entire diagnostic and therapeutic process for OPSCC patients is currently lacking.Given China's large population base and the rising incidence of OPSCC,an expert panel convened to develop a clinical technical consensus on OPSCC diagno-sis and management tailored to China's specific context.This consensus aims to further enhance and standardize understanding of OPSCC management techniques among relevant healthcare professionals.

Objective:This study applies an integrated SWOT-CLPV framework combined with stakeholder analysis to systematically assess the strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats of China's disease control inspector system,while identifying its control factors,leverage points,key problems,and vulnerabilities.Methods:Drawing on literature review,policy document analysis,and expert interviews with seven public health professionals,we extracted and categorized SWOT elements.A CLPV interaction analysis was conducted alongside stakeholder mapping to evaluate internal dynamics and systemic risks.Results:The inspector system demonstrates strengths in policy innovation and medical-public health integration,with external opportunities stemming from rising public health awareness and digital health advancements.However,the system faces weak endogenous momentum,limited leverage,and prominent control constraints and problem-prone areas,especially among grassroots institutions and inspectors themselves.Cross-sectoral coordination barriers and uneven local implementation contribute to significant institutional vulnerabilities.Conclusion:To enhance implementation and resilience,the system requires capacity building for key actors,improved governance structures,incentive and evaluation reforms,and strengthened coordination mechanisms to support the sustained and adaptive development of public health supervision.

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics,immunophenotype,high-risk human papillomavirus(hrHPV)infection status,treatment,and prognosis of cervical carcinoma exhibiting adenoid cystic car-cinoma(ACC)features.Methods Clinical data from 10 cases of cervical cancer with ACC features were collected.A retrospective analysis was proformed on the patients'clinicopathological data,histological features,and immunopheno-type(EnVision method),along with in situ hybridization detection of hrHPV E6/E7 mRNA covering 18 hrHPV types.Results The median age of the patients was 67.5 years,comprising 4 biopsy specimens and 6 surgical specimens.Except for 2 cases detected incidentally during physical examination,the remaining 8 cases presented with unexplained vaginal bleeding or contact bleeding.The mean tumor diameter was 4.5 cm(range:2.5 to 9.0 cm),and tumor stages were available for 8 patients(5 cases in stage Ⅰ and 1 case each in stages Ⅱ,Ⅲ,and Ⅳ).The follow-up period was 8 to 42 months,excluding 1 case lost to follow-up,2 cases(Ⅲ C1 and ⅣB)died within 1 year after surgery.Histologi-cally,4 cases exhibited pure ACC morphology,while 5 cases were mixed carcinomas(combined with squamous cell carcinoma,adenoid basal cell carcinoma,high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma,or carcinosarcoma,respectively).The characteristic ACC morphology manifested as cribriform,pseudo-glandular,tubular,trabecular,and/or solid pat-terns with one case mixed carcinoma's lymph node metastasis showing only ACC morphology.Immunohistochemically,all 10 tumors exhibited diffuse strong positivity for p16 and p63,a high Ki67 proliferation index(40％to 90％),and wild-type p53 expression,and in 50％of cases,only a minority of cells were positive for c-MYB.Additionally,SOX10 was positive in 8 of 9 cases and CD117 was positive in 7 of 10 cases,respectively.In situ hybridization for hrHPV E6/E7 mRNA confirmed the presence of transcriptionally active HPV infection in all cases.Conclusion Cervical cancer with ACC features is rare,and predominantly occurs in postmenopausal elderly women.It represents an HPV-associat-ed high-grade carcinoma in which clinical stage is a critical prognostic factor.Immunohistochemical staining for CD117 and SOX10 aids in the pathological diagnosis of this tumor type.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)is a malignant lesion originating from the oral mucosal squamous epithelium,account-ing for over 80％of oral and maxillofacial malignancies.Key etiological factors include tobacco,alcohol abuse,and betel quid chewing.In China,its incidence has shown an overall upward trend,posing a significant threat to public health.OSCC exhibits high local invasive-ness,making early diagnosis critical for improving prognosis.Its clinical management requires close multidisciplinary collaboration among oral and maxillofacial surgery,head and neck surgery,radiation oncology,medical oncology,reconstructive surgery,radiology,patholo-gy,and nutritional support teams.Given the increasing disease burden of OSCC and rapid development of multidisciplinary collaborative models,an expert panel has formulated this integrated management consensus based on evidence-based medicine and extensive deliber-ation.Centered on the'Prevention-Screening-Diagnosis-Treatment-Rehabilitation'framework,the consensus provides comprehensive guidance for the entire disease course of OSCC patients,aiming to standardize clinical practice.

AIM To investigate the effects of Heixiaoyao Powder on neuroinflammation in APP/PS1 transgenic mice.METHODS The 16-week-old male APP/PS1 transgenic mice were randomly divided into the model group,the BBG group(P2X7R specific antagonist,30 mg/kg)and high,medium and low dose Heixiaoyao Powder groups of(22.10,11.05,5.53 g/kg),in contrast to the male C57BL/6J mice of the same age and the same strain of the blank groups,with 12 mice in each group.When normal saline by gavage was dosed upon the blank group and the model group,and the other groups were treated with corresponding drug by gavage.After 90 days of administration,the mice had their learning and memory ability detected by Morris water maze test;their hippocampal pathological changes observed with HE staining;their MyD88 expression detected by immunofluorescence staining;their hippocampal levels of pro-inflammatory factors(TNF-α,IL-6),anti-inflammatory factors(IL-10),ATP and amyloid protein β(Aβ)detected by ELISA;their hippocampal mRNA expressions of P2X7R,TLR4,MyD88 and NF-κB-P65 detected by RT-qPCR method;and their hippocampal protein expressions of P2X7R,TLR4,MyD88,NF-κB-P65 and p-NF-κB-P65 detected by Western blot.RESULTS Compared with the blank group,the model group demonstrated prolonged escape latency and reduced frequency in crossing platform(P＜0.01);decreased number of hippocampal neurons,deranged neurons,and darker cytoplasm staining;increased immunofluorescence expression of hippocampal MyD88(P＜0.01);decreased IL-10 level(P＜0.01);increased levels of TNF-α,IL-6,ATP and Aβ(P＜0.01);increased mRNA and protein expressions ofP2X7R,TLR4 and MyD88(P＜0.01),and increased protein expression of p-NF-κB-P65(P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,the groups intervened with Heixiaoyao Powder or BBG demonstrated shortened escape latency and increased frequency in crossing platform(P＜0.01);more number of neatly arranged hippocampal neurons;increased hippocampal IL-10 level(P＜0.01),decreased levels of TNF-α,IL-6,ATP and Aβ(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);decreased mRNA and protein expressions of P2X7R,TLR4 and MyD88(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);and decreased protein expression of p-NF-κB-P65(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Except the low dose Heixiaoyao Powder group,the other treatment groups shared decreased immunofluorescence expression of MyD88(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).CONCLUSION Heixiaoyao Powder can significantly improve the learning and memory ability of APP/PS1 model mice,and its mechanism may lie in its function in alleviating cerebral neuroinflammation by reducing the abnormal Aβ aggregation via inhibiting the activation of ATP/P2X7R/NF-κB signaling pathway.

AIM To investigate the differences between boiled powder and decoction of Ermiao Powder.METHODS GC-MS was used to identify volatile constituents,after which the content determination of linalool,4-terpineol,α-terpineol,β-eucalyptol and taxifolin in distillate was performed,evaporation rate curve was drawn.The rat model for collagen-induced arthritis was established,then HE and SO/FG staining were conducted,and body weight,footpad swelling degree,arthritis score,immune organ(spleen,thymus)indices,serum inflammatory factors(IL-10,IL-6),ankle joint structure(foot claw swelling,micro-CT)and locomotor ability were detected.RESULTS Total 43 and 26 volatile constituents were identified in boiled powder and decoction,respectively.With the extension of boiling time,the average evaporation rates of 5 volatile constituents in the boiled powder distillate demonstrated the trends of first increase and then decrease,which reached a maximum at 15-20 min;those in the decoction distillate displayed the trends of decrease,which were not detected after 15 min except for β-eucalyptol.Compared with the decoction,the boiled powder exhibited stronger effects on improving foot swelling and arthritis score,alleviating pathological changes in joint tissues,inhibiting inflammatory factors and restoring motor ability.CONCLUSION More volatile constituents are observable in the boiled powder of Ermiao Powder than those in its decoction,along with stronger anti-rheumatoid arthritis activity.The optimal decocting endpoint is determined to be within 15 min in boiling water.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)is a malignant lesion originating from the oral mucosal squamous epithelium,account-ing for over 80％of oral and maxillofacial malignancies.Key etiological factors include tobacco,alcohol abuse,and betel quid chewing.In China,its incidence has shown an overall upward trend,posing a significant threat to public health.OSCC exhibits high local invasive-ness,making early diagnosis critical for improving prognosis.Its clinical management requires close multidisciplinary collaboration among oral and maxillofacial surgery,head and neck surgery,radiation oncology,medical oncology,reconstructive surgery,radiology,patholo-gy,and nutritional support teams.Given the increasing disease burden of OSCC and rapid development of multidisciplinary collaborative models,an expert panel has formulated this integrated management consensus based on evidence-based medicine and extensive deliber-ation.Centered on the'Prevention-Screening-Diagnosis-Treatment-Rehabilitation'framework,the consensus provides comprehensive guidance for the entire disease course of OSCC patients,aiming to standardize clinical practice.

To elucidate the mechanism by which steaming affects the quality of Curcuma kwangsiensis root tubers, methods such as LSCM, RVA, dual-wavelength spectrophotometry, LF-NMR, and LC-MS were employed to qualitatively and quantitatively detect changes in starch gelatinization characteristics, water distribution, and material composition of C. kwangsiensis root tubers under different steaming durations. Based on multivariate statistical analysis, the correlation between differences in gelatinization parameters, water distribution, and terpenoid material composition was investigated. The results indicate that steaming affects both starch gelatinization and water distribution in C. kwangsiensis. During the steaming process, transformations occur between amylose and amylopectin, as well as between semi-bound water and free water. After 60 min of steaming, starch gelatinization and water distribution reached an equilibrium state. The content of amylopectin, the amylose-to-amylopectin ratio, and parameters such as gelatinization temperature, viscosity, breakdown value, and setback value were significantly correlated(P≤0.05). Additionally, the amylose-to-amylopectin ratio was significantly correlated with total free water and total water content(P≤0.05). Steaming induced differences in the material composition of C. kwangsiensis root tubers. Clustering of primary metabolites in the OPLS-DA model was distinct, while secondary metabolites were classified into 9 clusters using the K-means clustering algorithm. Differential terpenoid metabolites such as(-)-α-curcumene were significantly correlated with zerumbone, retinal, and all-trans-retinoic acid(P<0.05). Curcumenol was significantly correlated with isoalantolactone and ursolic acid(P<0.05), while all-trans-retinoic acid was significantly correlated with both zerumbone and retinal(P<0.05). Alpha-tocotrienol exhibited a significant correlation with retinal and all-trans-retinoic acid(P<0.05). Amylose was extremely significantly correlated with(-)-α-curcumene, curcumenol, zerumbone, retinal, all-trans-retinoic acid, and α-tocotrienol(P<0.05). Amylopectin was significantly correlated with zerumbone(P<0.05) and extremely significantly correlated with(-)-α-curcumene, curcumenol, zerumbone, retinal, all-trans-retinoic acid, and 9-cis-retinoic acid(P<0.01). The results provide scientific evidence for elucidating the mechanism of quality formation of steamed C. kwangsiensis root tubers as a medicinal material.
Curcuma/chemistry* ; Starch/chemistry* ; Multivariate Analysis ; Water/chemistry* ; Terpenes/analysis* ; Plant Roots/chemistry* ; Plant Tubers/chemistry* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the inhibitory effect of Tanreqing Injection (TRQ) on the activation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in macrophages infected with influenza A virus and the underlying mechanism based on mitophagy pathway. METHODS: The inflammatory model of murine macrophage J774A.1 induced by influenza A virus [strain A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1), PR8] was constructed and treated by TRQ, while the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant Mito-TEMPO and autophagy specific inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) were used as controls to intensively study the anti-inflammatory mechanism of TRQ based on mitophagy-mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS)-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. The levels of NLRP3, Caspase-1 p20, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 II (LC3II) and P62 proteins were measured by Western blot. The release of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) was tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, the mtROS level was detected by flow cytometry, and the immunofluorescence and co-localization of LC3 and mitochondria were observed under confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS: Similar to the effect of Mito-TEMPO and contrary to the results of 3-MA treatment, TRQ could significantly reduce the expressions of NLRP3, Caspase-1 p20, and autophagy adaptor P62, promote the expression of autophagy marker LC3II, enhance the mitochondrial fluorescence intensity, and inhibit the release of mtROS and IL-1β (all P<0.01). Moreover, LC3 was co-localized with mitochondria, confirming the type of mitophagy. CONCLUSION TRQ could reduce the level of mtROS by promoting mitophagy in macrophages infected with influenza A virus, thus inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and the release of IL-1β, and attenuating the inflammatory response.
Mitophagy/drug effects* ; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/metabolism* ; Animals ; Macrophages/virology* ; Inflammasomes/drug effects* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Mice ; Mitochondria/metabolism* ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism* ; Influenza A virus/physiology* ; Interleukin-1beta/metabolism* ; Cell Line ; Injections

OBJECTIVE: To explore the potential effects and mechanisms of Liang-Ge-San (LGS) for the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) through network pharmacology analysis and to verify LGS activity through biological experiments. METHODS: The key ingredients of LGS and related targets were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform. ARDS-related targets were selected from GeneCards and DisGeNET databases. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were performed using the Metascape Database. Molecular docking analysis was used to confirm the binding affinity of the core compounds with key therapeutic targets. Finally, the effects of LGS on key signaling pathways and biological processes were determined by in vitro and in vivo experiments. RESULTS: A total of LGS-related targets and 496 ARDS-related targets were obtained from the databases. Network pharmacological analysis suggested that LGS could treat ARDS based on the following information: LGS ingredients luteolin, wogonin, and baicalein may be potential candidate agents. Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK14), recombinant V-Rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (RELA), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) may be potential therapeutic targets. Reactive oxygen species metabolic process and the apoptotic signaling pathway were the main biological processes. The p38MAPK/NF-κ B signaling pathway might be the key signaling pathway activated by LGS against ARDS. Moreover, molecular docking demonstrated that luteolin, wogonin, and baicalein had a good binding affinity with MAPK14, RELA, and TNF α. In vitro experiments, LGS inhibited the expression and entry of p38 and p65 into the nucleation in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBE) cells induced by LPS, inhibited the inflammatory response and oxidative stress response, and inhibited HBE cell apoptosis (P<0.05 or P<0.01). In vivo experiments, LGS improved lung injury caused by ligation and puncture, reduced inflammatory responses, and inhibited the activation of p38MAPK and p65 (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION LGS could reduce reactive oxygen species and inflammatory cytokine production by inhibiting p38MAPK/NF-κ B signaling pathway, thus reducing apoptosis and attenuating ARDS.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome/enzymology* ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism* ; NF-kappa B/metabolism* ; Animals ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Humans ; Male ; Network Pharmacology ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Mice