Objective:To investigate the application effects of learning pyramid theory combined with constructivism in the standardized training of nurses in the department of gastroenterology.Methods:We randomly divided 104 gastroenterology nurses who received standardized training from October 2021 to October 2023 into observation group and control group, with 52 nurses in each group. The control group received conventional teaching, while the observation group received a combination of learning pyramid theory and constructivist teaching. The two groups were compared in terms of theoretical and practical scores, core competencies, self-learning abilities, and professional values scores before and after training. SPSS 23.0 was used to perform the t-test. Results:After training, the two groups showed improvements in all the tests; and the scores were all significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group: theoretical knowledge [(88.61±15.62) vs. (81.76±14.27)], skill practice [(82.91±15.17) vs. (76.40±13.82)], Competency Inventory for Registered Nurses scale score [(157.83±21.73) vs. (125.40±15.77)], self-learning ability score [(123.38±21.62) vs. (97.43±15.23)], and Nurse Professional Values scale score [(89.15±14.63) vs. (78.52±12.84)].Conclusions:The teaching model of learning pyramid theory and constructivism theory can enhance standardized training effectiveness for gastroenterology nurses.

Objective To establish a molecular method for the identification of Aucklandia lappa Decne.and its common adulterants,Inula helenium L.,based on tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system(ARMS).Methods After the analysis and comparison of internal transcribed spacer 2(ITS2)sequence differences between Aucklandia lappa Decne.and Inula helenium L.,single-nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)sites were found to design specific primers for identification,the ARMS method was established to specifically amplify samples from different sources,and identification was carried out according to the size of specific amplification bands.Results The results showed that 170 bp and 271 bp specific bands could be amplified by Aucklandia lappa Decne.and Inula helenium L.,respectively,under the following conditions:annealing temperature 56℃,cycle number 25,primer concentration ratio of internal and external primers 1∶4,agarose gel concentration 1.5%and using 2×TSINGKE Master Mix(blue),the detection limit of adulterates in Aucklandia lappa Decne.and Inula helenium L.mixture sample was 5%.The 23 samples collected from the market were identified,results comparison was the same among ARMS detection,DNA barcoding,and plant classification.Conclusion The ARMS method established in this study can accurately identify Aucklandia lappa Decne.and Inula helenium L.,which has the characteristics of strong specificity and high sensitivity and simple operation,can provide basic research for solving the problem of admixture identification and technical support for the quality control of Aucklandia lappa Decne.medicinal materials.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor autoantibody (AT1-AA) and semen parameters. Methods： The semen samples of 820 male patients who were treated in the Reproductive Medicine Center of Taiyuan Central Hospital from August 2022 to August 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The levels of AT1-AA and Ang Ⅱ of semen were detected by ELISA, and the function of AT1-AA was detected by cardiomyocyte beating assay in suckling rats. The patients were divided into low group, median group and high group according to the OD values of AT1-AA. The differences in general data and semen parameters between different groups were analyzed. And the correlation between AT1-AA level and semen parameters in semen of all study subjects was analyzed by the method of Spearman analysis. And the relationships between AT1-AA OD value, Ang Ⅱ level and semen parameters in the AT1-AA high value group were analyzed as well. RESULTS: AT1-AA was present in semen with good function. There was no significant difference in the general data of patients in different AT1-AA levels (P>0.05). In the comparison of semen parameters among the groups with different levels of AT1-AA, there were differences in sperm concentration, PR concentration, NP％, and ALH among the three groups (P<0.05). And AT1-AA OD value was positively correlated with total sperm count, sperm concentration, PR concentration, and NP％, and negatively correlated with semen volume (P<0.05). In the AT1-AA high value group, the OD value of AT1-AA in semen was negatively correlated with inactive sperm, and positively correlated with total motility (［PR+NP］％), curve rate, mean path rate, and ALH. However, there was no correlation between the level of Ang Ⅱ in semen and semen parameters (P>0.05). CONCLUSION The presence of AT1-AA in semen may be associated with the promotion of sperm motility.
Male ; Humans ; Autoantibodies ; Sperm Motility ; Semen ; Retrospective Studies ; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/immunology* ; Animals ; Rats ; Angiotensin II ; Adult ; Sperm Count ; Semen Analysis ; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/immunology*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of acupuncture on advanced cancer patients by meta-analysis. METHODS: Nine databases (the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and WanFang Data) were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on acupuncture in advanced cancer patients published from inception to February 13, 2023 and updated to June 1, 2023. Primary outcomes were quality of life (QOL), while secondary outcomes were pain, fatigue, and adverse events (side effects). Data synthesis was performed using RevMan V.5.3 to calculate pooled effect sizes. RoB-2 was used for the risk of bias, and the quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) tool. RESULTS: Totally 17 RCTs involving 1,178 participants were included, 15 of which were pooled for meta-analysis. Most studies demonstrated some concern for the overall risk of bias. The pooled data indicated that acupuncture was associated with improved QOL [mean difference (MD)=6.67, 95% confidence interval (CI): 5.09 to 8.26], pain (MD=-1.18, 95% CI -2.28 to -0.08), and adverse events (risk ratio=0.30, 95% CI: 0.26 to 0.57) compared with control groups. Fatigue outcome was not included. Heterogeneity was substantial, and GRADE evidence was very low for both QOL and pain. CONCLUSIONS Acupuncture could benefit patients with advanced cancer and is considered safe compared with usual care. However, the evidence regarding QOL and pain outcomes requires further validation. It is crucial to encourage the development of high-quality studies to strengthen this evidence. (Registry No. CRD42023423539).
Humans ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Neoplasms/therapy* ; Quality of Life ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Treatment Outcome

Gut microbial communities are likely remodeled in tandem with accumulated physiological decline during aging, yet there is limited understanding of gut microbiome variation in advanced age. Here, we performed a metagenomics-based enterotype analysis in a geographically homogeneous cohort of 367 enrolled Chinese individuals between the ages of 60 and 94 years, with the goal of characterizing the gut microbiome of elderly individuals and identifying factors linked to enterotype variations. In addition to two adult-like enterotypes dominated by Bacteroides (ET-Bacteroides) and Prevotella (ET-Prevotella), we identified a novel enterotype dominated by Escherichia (ET-Escherichia), whose prevalence increased in advanced age. Our data demonstrated that age explained more of the variance in the gut microbiome than previously identified factors such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or diet. We characterized the distinct taxonomic and functional profiles of ET-Escherichia, and found the strongest cohesion and highest robustness of the microbial co-occurrence network in this enterotype, as well as the lowest species diversity. In addition, we carried out a series of correlation analyses and co-abundance network analyses, which showed that several factors were likely linked to the overabundance of Escherichia members, including advanced age, vegetable intake, and fruit intake. Overall, our data revealed an enterotype variation characterized by Escherichia enrichment in the elderly population. Considering the different age distribution of each enterotype, these findings provide new insights into the changes that occur in the gut microbiome with age and highlight the importance of microbiome-based stratification of elderly individuals.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Bacteroides ; China ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/microbiology* ; Escherichia coli/classification* ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics* ; Metagenomics ; East Asian People

Objective To establish a molecular method for the identification of Aucklandia lappa Decne.and its common adulterants,Inula helenium L.,based on tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system(ARMS).Methods After the analysis and comparison of internal transcribed spacer 2(ITS2)sequence differences between Aucklandia lappa Decne.and Inula helenium L.,single-nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)sites were found to design specific primers for identification,the ARMS method was established to specifically amplify samples from different sources,and identification was carried out according to the size of specific amplification bands.Results The results showed that 170 bp and 271 bp specific bands could be amplified by Aucklandia lappa Decne.and Inula helenium L.,respectively,under the following conditions:annealing temperature 56℃,cycle number 25,primer concentration ratio of internal and external primers 1∶4,agarose gel concentration 1.5%and using 2×TSINGKE Master Mix(blue),the detection limit of adulterates in Aucklandia lappa Decne.and Inula helenium L.mixture sample was 5%.The 23 samples collected from the market were identified,results comparison was the same among ARMS detection,DNA barcoding,and plant classification.Conclusion The ARMS method established in this study can accurately identify Aucklandia lappa Decne.and Inula helenium L.,which has the characteristics of strong specificity and high sensitivity and simple operation,can provide basic research for solving the problem of admixture identification and technical support for the quality control of Aucklandia lappa Decne.medicinal materials.

Objective:To evaluate the clinically curative effect of intervention treatment of electronic bronchoscope in treating tracheobronchial tuberculosis at clinical activity stage.Methods:Sixty patients with tracheobronchial tuberculosis at clinical activity stage(type I,II,III and VI)who admitted to Liuzhou People's Hospital from September 2020 to September 2023 were selected,and they were divided into drug group(anti-tuberculosis drug treatment)and combination group(anti-tuberculosis drug treatment+interventional treatment with electronic bronchoscope)by the random number table method,with 30 cases in each group.The curative effects of the two groups were observed,and the negative conversion rate of sputum bacteria,clinical symptom scores(cough symptom,expectoration symptom)before and after treatment,Modified British Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale(mMRC)score between two groups were compared,and the differences in indicators of pulmonary function such as forced expiratory volume in the first second(FEV1),forced vital capacity(FVC)and maximum voluntary ventilation(MVV)between the two groups also were compared.And then,the incidence of complications was calculated.Results:During the 1,2 and 3 months of follow-up,there were respectively 21 cases,27 cases and 30 cases occurred negative conversion of sputum bacteria in 30 patients of the combination group,and there were respectively 15 cases,18 cases and 23 cases occurred negative conversion of sputum bacteria in 30 patients of the drug group.At the 1st month of follow-up,the negative conversion rate of sputum bacteria in combination group was higher than that in drug group,while there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups(P＞0.05).At the 2nd and 3rd month of follow-up,the negative conversion rate of sputum bacteria in the combination group was higher than that in the drug group,and the differences were statistically significant(x2=7.200,7.925,P<0.05).The effective rate of treatment of the combination group was 100%,which was higher than 80%of the drug group,and the difference of that between two groups was significant(x2=6.667,P<0.05).After 2 months of treatment,the mMRC score,cough symptom score and expectoration symptom score of the combination group were all lower than those of the drug group,and the differences were statistically significant(t=3.504,3.950,3.530,P<0.05).The improvement effects of FEV1,FVC and MVV of the combination group were all better than those of the drug group,and the differences were statistically significant(t=6.626,4.966,4.097,P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:Anti-tuberculosis drug therapy combined with electronic bronchoscopy intervention has a good therapeutic effect in clinically active tracheobronchial tuberculosis.

Objective:To evaluate the clinically curative effect of intervention treatment of electronic bronchoscope in treating tracheobronchial tuberculosis at clinical activity stage.Methods:Sixty patients with tracheobronchial tuberculosis at clinical activity stage(type I,II,III and VI)who admitted to Liuzhou People's Hospital from September 2020 to September 2023 were selected,and they were divided into drug group(anti-tuberculosis drug treatment)and combination group(anti-tuberculosis drug treatment+interventional treatment with electronic bronchoscope)by the random number table method,with 30 cases in each group.The curative effects of the two groups were observed,and the negative conversion rate of sputum bacteria,clinical symptom scores(cough symptom,expectoration symptom)before and after treatment,Modified British Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale(mMRC)score between two groups were compared,and the differences in indicators of pulmonary function such as forced expiratory volume in the first second(FEV1),forced vital capacity(FVC)and maximum voluntary ventilation(MVV)between the two groups also were compared.And then,the incidence of complications was calculated.Results:During the 1,2 and 3 months of follow-up,there were respectively 21 cases,27 cases and 30 cases occurred negative conversion of sputum bacteria in 30 patients of the combination group,and there were respectively 15 cases,18 cases and 23 cases occurred negative conversion of sputum bacteria in 30 patients of the drug group.At the 1st month of follow-up,the negative conversion rate of sputum bacteria in combination group was higher than that in drug group,while there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups(P＞0.05).At the 2nd and 3rd month of follow-up,the negative conversion rate of sputum bacteria in the combination group was higher than that in the drug group,and the differences were statistically significant(x2=7.200,7.925,P<0.05).The effective rate of treatment of the combination group was 100%,which was higher than 80%of the drug group,and the difference of that between two groups was significant(x2=6.667,P<0.05).After 2 months of treatment,the mMRC score,cough symptom score and expectoration symptom score of the combination group were all lower than those of the drug group,and the differences were statistically significant(t=3.504,3.950,3.530,P<0.05).The improvement effects of FEV1,FVC and MVV of the combination group were all better than those of the drug group,and the differences were statistically significant(t=6.626,4.966,4.097,P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:Anti-tuberculosis drug therapy combined with electronic bronchoscopy intervention has a good therapeutic effect in clinically active tracheobronchial tuberculosis.

Objective:To investigate the application effects of learning pyramid theory combined with constructivism in the standardized training of nurses in the department of gastroenterology.Methods:We randomly divided 104 gastroenterology nurses who received standardized training from October 2021 to October 2023 into observation group and control group, with 52 nurses in each group. The control group received conventional teaching, while the observation group received a combination of learning pyramid theory and constructivist teaching. The two groups were compared in terms of theoretical and practical scores, core competencies, self-learning abilities, and professional values scores before and after training. SPSS 23.0 was used to perform the t-test. Results:After training, the two groups showed improvements in all the tests; and the scores were all significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group: theoretical knowledge [(88.61±15.62) vs. (81.76±14.27)], skill practice [(82.91±15.17) vs. (76.40±13.82)], Competency Inventory for Registered Nurses scale score [(157.83±21.73) vs. (125.40±15.77)], self-learning ability score [(123.38±21.62) vs. (97.43±15.23)], and Nurse Professional Values scale score [(89.15±14.63) vs. (78.52±12.84)].Conclusions:The teaching model of learning pyramid theory and constructivism theory can enhance standardized training effectiveness for gastroenterology nurses.

Objective To study the in vitro expression of three phenylalanine hydroxylase(PAH)mutants(p.R243Q,p.R241C,and p.Y356X)and determine their pathogenicity.Methods Bioinformatics techniques were used to predict the impact of PAH mutants on the structure and function of PAH protein.Corresponding mutant plasmids of PAH were constructed and expressed in HEK293T cells.Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the mRNA expression levels of the three PAH mutants,and their protein levels were assessed using Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results Bioinformatics analysis predicted that all three mutants were pathogenic.The mRNA expression levels of the p.R243Q and p.R241C mutants in HEK293T cells were similar to the mRNA expression level of the wild-type control(P>0.05),while the mRNA expression level of the p.Y356X mutant significantly decreased(P<0.05).The PAH protein expression levels of all three mutants were significantly reduced compared to the wild-type control(P<0.05).The extracellular concentration of PAH protein was reduced in the p.R241C and p.Y356X mutants compared to the wild-type control(P<0.05),while there was no significant difference between the p.R243Q mutant and the wild type control(P>0.05).Conclusions p.R243Q,p.R241C and p.Y356X mutants lead to reduced expression levels of PAH protein in eukaryotic cells,with p.R241C and p.Y356X mutants also affecting the function of PAH protein.These three PAH mutants are to be pathogenic.[Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics,2024,26(2):188-193]