Objective: To explore the impact of personalized early treatment appliances (ETA) on the relationship between dental and maxillofacial structures in patients with ClassⅡ malocclusion during the replacement phase, and to provide a basis for clinical treatment. Methods: This study was reviewed and approved by the Medical Ethics Committee, and informed consent was obtained from patients. From May 2023 to December 2023, 15 patients with Angle ClassⅡ malocclusion accompanied by mandibular retraction and anterior deep overjet during mixed dentition were enrolled in this study (8 males and 7 females; mean age 8.8 years). Each patient received a customized domestically manufactured ETA that was created based on dental arch dimensions, overjet severity, and occlusal relationships assessed from study models. Patients were instructed to wear the appliance for at least 2 hours during the day and throughout the night. The treatment duration was 6 months, at which time the changes in cephalometric data before treatment (T0) and after treatment (T1) were compared using Uceph software Results: The angle between sella, nasion and supramentale point B (SNB) of the patients increased significantly by (1.03 ± 1.74°) compared to before treatment (P = 0.039). The angle between subspinale point A and supramentale point B (ANB), the distance between point A and point B on the FH plane (wits value), the overjet, and the overbite decreased by (0.47 ± 0.61°), (2.48 ± 2.11) mm, (2.48 ± 3.42) mm, and (0.79 ± 1.40) mm, respectively, compared to before treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The angle between sella, nasion and subspinale point A (SNA), the angle between the FH and MP planes (FMA), the angle between the long axis of the L1 and MP plane (IMPA), the angle between the MP plane and SN plane (MP-SN), the distance from S to Go divided by the distance from N to Me (S-Go/N-Me), and the distance of the FH plane perpendicular from G point to the Pog point (G Vert Pog) increased compared to before treatment, while the angle between the SGn and FH planes (Y-axis) and the angle between the long axis of the L1 and FH plane (FMIA) decreased compared to before treatment, but there was no statistical difference (P>0.05). Conclusion Personalized, customized ETA orthodontic appliances can effectively improve the sagittal and vertical relationships between the maxilla and mandible in patients with ClassⅡ malocclusion.

As a hot spot in clinical research today, immune checkpoint inhibitor has been recommended by guidelines in the first- and second-line treatments of advanced cervical cancer as immune monotherapy or combination therapy. It has also achieved good efficacy in clinical practice. In locally advanced cervical cancer, immune checkpoint inhibitors have been included in the guidelines for adjuvant therapy, and good tumor regression effects have been achieved in clinical practice. Based on the results of existing trials, immune checkpoint inhibitors have also shown good clinical potential as neoadjuvant therapy. Furthermore, the issue of immunotherapy rechallenge has increasingly captured clinicians’ attention, offering a potential new therapeutic strategy for cervical cancer patients with prior immunotherapy exposure. In this article, the clinical application and research progress of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of cervical cancer in recent years are summarized to provide valuable ideas and directions for clinical treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the genetic causal relationship of leukocyte telomere length (LTL) with prostatitis, orchitis and epididymitis by two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). METHODS: Using LTL as the exposure factor and prostatitis, orchitis and epididymitis as outcome factors, we mined the Database of Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS). Then, we analyzed the causal relationship of LTL with prostatitis, orchitis and epididymitis by Mendelian randomization using inverse variance weighting (IVW) as the main method and weighted median and MR-Egger regression as auxiliary methods, determined the horizontal multiplicity by MR-Egger intercept test, and conducted sensitivity analysis using the leaving-one-out method. RESULTS: A total of 121 related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in this study. IVW showed LTL to be a risk factor for prostatitis (OR = 1.383, 95% CI: 1.044－1.832, P = 0.024), and for orchitis and epididymitis as well (OR = 1.770, 95% CI: 1.275－2.456, P = 0.000 6). CONCLUSION Genetic evidence from Mendelian randomized analysis indicates that shortening of LTL reduces the risk of prostatitis, orchitis and epididymitis.
Humans ; Male ; Mendelian Randomization Analysis ; Epididymitis/genetics* ; Prostatitis/genetics* ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Leukocytes ; Orchitis/genetics* ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Telomere ; Risk Factors

Hearing loss is the most prevalent disabling disease. Cochlear implantation（CI） serves as the primary intervention for severe to profound hearing loss. This consensus systematically explores the value of genetic diagnosis in the pre-operative assessment and efficacy prognosis for CI. Drawing upon domestic and international research and clinical experience, it proposes an evidence-based medicine three-tiered prognostic classification system（Favorable, Marginal, Poor）. The consensus focuses on common hereditary non-syndromic hearing loss（such as that caused by mutations in genes like GJB2, SLC26A4, OTOF, LOXHD1） and syndromic hereditary hearing loss（such as Jervell & Lange-Nielsen syndrome and Waardenburg syndrome）, which are closely associated with congenital hearing loss, analyzing the impact of their pathological mechanisms on CI outcomes. The consensus provides recommendations based on multiple round of expert discussion and voting. It emphasizes that genetic diagnosis can optimize patient selection, predict prognosis, guide post-operative rehabilitation, offer stratified management strategies for patients with different genotypes, and advance the application of precision medicine in the field of CI.
Humans ; Cochlear Implantation ; Prognosis ; Hearing Loss/surgery* ; Consensus ; Connexin 26 ; Mutation ; Sulfate Transporters ; Connexins/genetics*

Neuropathic pain, a debilitating condition caused by dysfunction of the somatosensory nervous system, remains difficult to treat due to limited understanding of its molecular mechanisms. Bioinformatics analysis identified cerebellin 2 (CBLN2) as highly enriched in human and murine proprioceptive and nociceptive neurons. We found that CBLN2 expression is persistently upregulated in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) following spinal nerve ligation (SNL) in mice. In addition, transcription factor SOX11 binds to 12 cis-regulatory elements within the Cbln2 promoter to enhance its transcription. SNL also induced SOX11 upregulation, with SOX11 and CBLN2 co-localized in nociceptive neurons. The siRNA-mediated knockdown of Sox11 or Cbln2 attenuated SNL-induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. High-throughput sequencing of DRG following intrathecal injection of CBLN2 revealed widespread gene expression changes, including upregulation of numerous NF-κB downstream targets. Consistently, CBLN2 activated NF-κB signaling, and inhibition with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate reduced CBLN2-induced pain hypersensitivity, proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines production, and neuronal hyperexcitability. Together, these findings identified the SOX11/CBLN2/NF-κB axis as a critical mediator of neuropathic pain and a promising target for therapeutic intervention.
Animals ; Neuralgia/metabolism* ; Ganglia, Spinal/metabolism* ; Up-Regulation ; Mice ; NF-kappa B/metabolism* ; SOXC Transcription Factors/genetics* ; Male ; Neuroinflammatory Diseases/metabolism* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics* ; Hyperalgesia/metabolism* ; Signal Transduction ; Spinal Nerves

Objective:To evaluate the feasibility of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for the screening of fetal chromosome aneuploidies in twin pregnancies.Methods:A total of 2 745 women with twin-pregnancies were subjected for NIPT screening. Chromosomal karyotyping and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) were carried out on amniotic fluid samples from those with a high risk for fetal chromosome aneuploidies, and the diagnosis and pregnancy outcome were followed up. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and false positive rate of the NIPT were calculated.Results:Compared with other chromosomal abnormalities, NIPT had a higher efficacy for trisomy 21 and sex chromosomal aneuploidy (SCA) in twin pregnancies (with sensitivity being 100%, 100%, and specificity being 99.93%, 99.9%, respectively). It is difficult to evaluate the efficacy for trisomies 18 and 13 due to the limited data. For chromosome microdeletions and microduplications spanning 15 ~ 21 Mb, NIPT also had a certain detection rate. Compared with women with natural conception, NIPT had a higher detection rate for those with twin pregnancies by assisted reproduction ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:It is feasible to use NIPT for the detection of chromosome aneuploidies in women with twin pregnancies.

Objective The aim of this study is to analyze the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms and its relationship with the socio-economic position(SEP)among the elderly people in Dai rural areas of Jinggu County,Yunnan province.Methods A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey among 1409 people aged 60 and over in Dai rural areas of Jinggu County,Yunnan Province.The individual SEP index was constructed using the principal component analysis.Results The prevalence of anxiety symptoms,depression symptoms,and mixed anxiety-depressive disorder symptoms was 4.8%,52.0%,and 4.2% among them,2.6%,49.4%,and 2.3% among the males,and 6.8%,54.5%,and 6.0% among the females respectively.Females had the higher prevalence of anxiety symptoms and mixed anxiety-depressive disorder symptoms than males(P<0.05).Elderly people with the higher level of education,annual per capita household income and SEP had the lower prevalence of anxiety symptoms and mixed anxiety-depressive disorder symptoms than their counterparts(both P<0.05).The prevalence of depression symptoms increased with age(P<0.01).The difference in the prevelence of depression symptoms among the elderly people with the different numbers of chronic conditions was statistically significant(P<0.01).The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the elderly people with lower SEP were more likely to suffer from the anxiety symptoms(OR=0.707,95% CI:0.566～0.883),depression symptoms(OR=0.492,95% CI:0.438～0.552),and mixed anxiety-depressive disorder symptoms(OR=0.602,95% CI:0.469～0.773).Conclusion There are significant socio-economic differences in the prevalence of anxiety symptoms and depression symptoms among the elderly people in Dai rural areas of Jinggu County,Yunnan province.Future mental health interventions should more focus on females,elderly people with advanced age,multiple chronic diseases and low SEP,so as to reduce the occurrence of depression symptoms and anxiety symptoms.

Objective: To investigate the rifampicin resistance status and its influencing factors among elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province, so as to provide the basis for improving drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis prevention and control strategies. Methods: Patients aged over 60 years with pulmonary tuberculosis treated in tuberculosis designated hospital was selected. Demographic information, history of previous disease, history of diagnosis and treatment and drug sensitivity test were collected. Rifampicin resistance among elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and its influencing factors was analyzed. Results: Totally 249 elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were included, with an average of (69.75±4.36) years. There were 147 males and 102 females, with a gender ratio of 1.44∶1. There were 183 treatment-naïve patients (73.49%) and 66 retreated patients (26.51%). Rifampicin resistance was found in 21 cases, with a drug resistance rate of 8.43%. Among them, there were 7 treatment-naïve patients (3.83%), and 14 retreated patients (21.21%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that retreated elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis had a higher risk of rifampicin resistance (OR=10.551, 95%CI: 1.344-82.857). Conclusion The rifampicin resistance rate of 249 elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis was 8.43% and was associated with the type of treatment.

Background Diurnal temperature range (DTR) is closely associated with cardiovascular health in the elderly, but there is a lack of research on the relationship between DTR and ischemic heart disease (IHD) in the elderly. Objective To investigate the effect of DTR on daily hospital admissions for IHD in people 65 years and older in Wuhan. Methods The study obtained data on elderly inpatients with IHD from all secondary and tertiary hospitals in Wuhan between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2018, along with synchronous meteorological and air pollution data. Daily DTR was calculated as the difference between the maximum and minimum temperatures in a day. We employed distributed lag nonlinear models based on quasi-Poisson distribution to analyze the association between DTR and hospitalization risk in individuals aged 60 years and above. We assessed the extreme effects of DTR by selected DTR percentiles (the 1st percentile, P₁: 1.8 ℃; the 5th percentile, P₅: 2.9 ℃; the 95th percentile, P₉₅: 14.3 ℃; and the 99th percentile, P₉₉: 16.2 ℃) on hospitalization for IHD in the elderly population. Additionally, we conducted stratified analyses by gender, age (60-74 years and ≥75 years) and different subtypes (acute IHD and chronic IHD) to investigate the effects of DTR on hospitalizations for IHD across different genders, ages, and subtypes. Results This study included a total of 64212 first-time IHD hospitalizations among individuals aged 65 years and above in Wuhan from 2017 to 2018. The results showed a "J"-shaped exposure-response relationship between DTR and the cumulative risk of IHD hospitalization with a lag of 7 d; the optimal DTR was 5.0 ℃, and as DTR increased or the lag time lengthened, the risk of hospitalization for IHD in the elderly population increased. Extremely high DTR (P₉₉: 16.2 ℃) had a significant impact on the day of exposure (lag 0), with a cumulative RR of 1.58 (95%CI: 1.25, 1.99) at a lag of 7 d. The overall effects of DTR on IHD for different genders, ages, and subtypes of IHD exhibited similar patterns to the effects for overall population. High DTR had a significantly higher impact on hospitalization for chronic IHD (RR=1.46, 95%CI: 1.20, 1.79), compared to acute IHD (RR=1.29, 95%CI: 1.04, 1.61). At a cumulative lag of 7 d, elderly individuals aged 60-74 (RR=1.78, 95% CI: 1.30, 2.42) were more affected by high DTR in terms of IHD hospitalizations compared to those aged ≥75 (RR=1.35, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.70). Conclusion High DTR significantly increases the risk of hospitalization for IHD among elderly individuals. The effect of high DTR is particularly pronounced in patients with chronic IHD and elderly individuals aged 60–74 years.

Hepatic ascites is one of the common and difficult complications in the decompensated stage of liver cirrhosis， and its incidence is increasing. In clinical practice， the prognosis of patients with hepatic ascites after surgery is worse， and the disease is recurrent. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has certain advantages in treating hepatic ascites. However， there is no uniform standard for the preparation of animal models of hepatic ascites in accordance with TCM evidence. Therefore， this paper summarized the literature on animal models of hepatic ascites and analyzed the existing animal models of hepatic ascites based on the clinical diagnostic criteria of hepatic ascites in TCM and western medicine. The results show that the commonly used modeling methods for hepatic ascites mainly include the single-factor method， composite factor induction method， surgical method， and immunization method. Most of them are guided by western medicine theories， and their pathogenic mechanisms are mostly consistent with those of western medicine and are different from TCM evidence. Therefore， it is suggested that TCM intervening factors should be imposed in the process of model preparation， so as to prepare an animal model of hepatic ascites that meets the clinical evidence characteristics of TCM and western medicine.