Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of malaria and provide a basis for developing improved prevention and control measures. Methods Data were obtained from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Malaria surveillance data for Nanning City from January 1,2023, to December 31,2024, were exported from the Infectious Disease Reporting Information Management Subsystem. The characteristics of the two groups of malaria cases were compared. Results A total of 103 imported malaria cases were reported in Nanning City in 2024, representing a 38.32% decrease compared with the same period of the previous year. No statistically significant difference were observed between cases reported in 2023 and 2024 in terms of average age, gender ratio, proportion of parasite species, and monthly reporting distribution;however, statistically significant differences were found in the proportion of reporting areas and current residence areas(χ2= 13.572 and 10.355, respectively; P = 0.001 and 0.035, respectively). The proportion of cases reported in Shanglin County and the proportion of cases residing in Shanglin County were both lower than those during the same period of the previous year. Conclusions The high aggregation of imported malaria cases in Nanning City has decreased. Medical institutions in areas other than Shanglin County should strengthen their vigilance against malaria.

OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of Jiawei xiaochaihu decoction against hippocampal neuronal apoptosis in acute epileptic model mice. METHODS Thirty-six male KM mice were randomly divided into four groups with 9 mice in each group： normal control group （normal saline）， epilepsy model group （normal saline）， Jiawei xiaochaihu decoction group [7 g/（kg·d）] and carbamazepine group [positive control， 30 mg/（kg·d）]. Except for the normal control group， the acute epilepsy model was established in the other groups. After successful modeling， mice in each group were given corresponding drugs or normal saline by intragastric administration once a day for 2 consecutive weeks. After drug intervention， the ultrastructure and pathological morphology of hippocampal CA1 region were observed. The number of TUNEL-positive cells in hippocampus was detected， and the expression levels of protein kinase B （AKT）， Caspase-3， B-cell lymphoma-extra large （Bcl-xL）， Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax）， as well as the ratio of phosphorylated AKT（p-AKT） to AKT were determined. RESULTS Compared with the normal control group， severe ultrastructural and pathological damages were observed in the hippocampal CA1 region of epilepsy model group； the number of TUNEL-positive cells was significantly increased （ P ＜0.05）. The expression levels of p-AKT and Bcl-xL were significantly down-regulated （ P ＜0.05）， while the Bax and Caspase-3 were significantly up-regulated （ P ＜0.05），accompanied by a remarkable decrease of p-AKT/AKT ratio （ P ＜0.05）. Compared with the epilepsy model group， hippocampal tissue ultrastructure， pathological damage， and the aforementioned indicators were significantly improved in Jiawei xiaochaihu decoction group （ P ＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Jiawei xiaochaihu decoction can inhibit hippocampal neuronal apoptosis in acute epileptic mice， and its mechanism may be related to activating AKT phosphorylation， increasing p-AKT/AKT ratio， up-regulating Bcl-xL expression and down-regulating the expression of Bax and Caspase-3.

OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of Jiawei xiaochaihu decoction against hippocampal neuronal apoptosis in acute epileptic model mice. METHODS Thirty-six male KM mice were randomly divided into four groups with 9 mice in each group： normal control group （normal saline）， epilepsy model group （normal saline）， Jiawei xiaochaihu decoction group [7 g/（kg·d）] and carbamazepine group [positive control， 30 mg/（kg·d）]. Except for the normal control group， the acute epilepsy model was established in the other groups. After successful modeling， mice in each group were given corresponding drugs or normal saline by intragastric administration once a day for 2 consecutive weeks. After drug intervention， the ultrastructure and pathological morphology of hippocampal CA1 region were observed. The number of TUNEL-positive cells in hippocampus was detected， and the expression levels of protein kinase B （AKT）， Caspase-3， B-cell lymphoma-extra large （Bcl-xL）， Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax）， as well as the ratio of phosphorylated AKT（p-AKT） to AKT were determined. RESULTS Compared with the normal control group， severe ultrastructural and pathological damages were observed in the hippocampal CA1 region of epilepsy model group； the number of TUNEL-positive cells was significantly increased （ P ＜0.05）. The expression levels of p-AKT and Bcl-xL were significantly down-regulated （ P ＜0.05）， while the Bax and Caspase-3 were significantly up-regulated （ P ＜0.05），accompanied by a remarkable decrease of p-AKT/AKT ratio （ P ＜0.05）. Compared with the epilepsy model group， hippocampal tissue ultrastructure， pathological damage， and the aforementioned indicators were significantly improved in Jiawei xiaochaihu decoction group （ P ＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Jiawei xiaochaihu decoction can inhibit hippocampal neuronal apoptosis in acute epileptic mice， and its mechanism may be related to activating AKT phosphorylation， increasing p-AKT/AKT ratio， up-regulating Bcl-xL expression and down-regulating the expression of Bax and Caspase-3.

Objective:To investigate the impact of different CT reconstruction kernels on the quantitative analysis of small pulmonary vessels in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and high-risk patients.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional study. Clinical and imaging data of 73 COPD and high-risk patients visiting the China-Japan Friendship Hospital between March and April 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent high-resolution CT of the chest and pulmonary function tests, with the ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity (FEV 1/FVC) obtained. The raw CT data were reconstructed using different kernels: the FC86 group used the adaptive iterative dose reduction(AIDR) 3D standard lung sharp reconstruction algorithm, the FC18 group used the AIDR 3D standard Body standard reconstruction algorithm, the advanced intelligent clear-IQ engine(AiCE) Lung group used the AiCE deep learning reconstruction algorithm for lung, and the AiCE Body group used the AiCE deep learning reconstruction algorithm for body. Image signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and image noise were calculated. The pulmonary vessel segmentation & Measurement software was used to segment and extract pulmonary arteries and veins of four groups in thin-slice whole-lung CT imaging, obtaining the ratio of small pulmonary arteries (%V artery<5) and the ratio of small pulmonary veins (%V vein<5). The One-way repeated measures ANOVA or Friedman test was used to compare the differences in SNR, CNR, image noise, %V artery<5, and %V vein<5 among the four groups, followed by Bonferroni post hoc or Bonferroni-Dunn test with P-value correction to analysis differences between subgroups. The correlations between %V artery<5 and FEV 1/FVC, as well as between %V vein<5 and FEV 1/FVC were analyzed using Spearman rank correlation analysis in all four groups. Results:The overall differences in image noise, SNR, and CNR in the AiCE Lung, AiCE Body, FC18, and FC86 groups were statistically significant ( P<0.001). Except for the difference in CNR values between the AiCE Lung group and the FC18 group, which was not statistically significant ( P=0.192), all differences were statistically significant ( P<0.016 7). The overall differences in %V artery<5 values and %V vein<5 values in the AiCE Lung, AiCE Body, FC18, and FC86 groups were statistically significant ( P<0.001). The %V artery<5 and %V vein<5 values in the FC18 group were lower than those in the AiCE Lung, AiCE Body, and FC86 groups ( P<0.016 7), and the rest of the differences were not statistically significant ( P>0.016 7). %V artery<5 and %V vein<5 were positively correlated with FEV 1/FVC in all 4 groups ( P<0.05), with the highest correlation coefficient between %V vein<5 and FEV 1/FVC in the AiCE Body group ( r=0.501, P=0.001). Conclusions:DLR-AiCE-based kernel reconstruction optimizes image quality and significantly affects the results of quantitative parameters of small pulmonary vessels. The reconstruction kernel prioritized for quantitative analysis of small vessels within the lungs in COPD based on the CT scanner in this study is AiCE Body.

AIM To study the chemical constituents from the stems and leaves of Dendrobium formosum Roxb.ex Lindl.and their biological activities.METHODS The 95％ethanol extract from the stems and leaves of D.formosum was isolated and purified by silica gel,Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative HPLC,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.Their inhibitory activities onα-glucosidase were determined by PNPG method,and their in vitro anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated by RAW264.7 model.RESULTS Fifteen compounds were isolated and identified as coniferyl p-coumarate(1),(-)-pinoresinol(2),2,5,7-trihydroxy-4-methoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene(3),naringenin(4),spiropreussomerin A(5),7-hydroxy-14-de-O-methyl-lasiodiplodin(6),(4S,5S,6Z,8E)-5-hydroxydeca-6,8-dien-4-olide(7),(6S,9R)-blumenol C(8),p-hydroxybenzoic acid(9),m-hydroxybenzoic acid(10),p-hydroxy benzenepropanoic acid(11),5,7-dihydroxy-isobenzofuran(12),2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-ethanol(13),β-sitostenone(14),β-sitosterol(15).The IC50 values of compounds 1 and 4 on α-glucosidase inhibition were(65.60±3.31)and(98.95±2.53)μmol/L,respectively.Compound 3 presented inhibitory activity on NO production in RAW 264.7 cells,with IC50 value of(3.97±0.12)μmol/L.CONCLUSION Compounds 5-6,8 and 12 are isolated from Orchidacae family for the first time,and 2-15 are first isolated from this plant.Compounds 1 and 4 have α-glucosidase inhibitory activities,and 3 has anti-inflammatory activity.

Objective:To investigate serological characteristics of Rhnull with anti-Rh29 and its rare gene sequence.Methods:Microcolumn gel method was used for ABO and RhCcDEe blood typing,accidental antibody identification and cross matching.RHD/RHCE genotype and sequencing analysis were performed by PCR-SSP method.RHAG gene was sequenced by fluorescence PCR method.Antigen or protein associated with Rh complex was detected by flow cytometry.Results:Blood group of the patient was A,Rh pheno-type was typed as group C-c-D-E-e,presented with symptoms of anemia,proportion of globular and oral erythrocytes in blood smear was 6.0%and 0.8%,respectively,RH genotype was CCDee,and immune anti-Rh29 high-frequency antigen were developed.RHAG gene sequencing revealed exons 8,9 and 10 deletion.Conclusion:Mechanism of"regulator"type Rhnull generation in this study is caused by deletion of exons 8,9 and 10 in RHAG gene.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the inhibitory effects of Bruceine A(BA)on colon cancer and its underlying mechanisms.METHODS Human colon cancer HT-29 and HCT116 cells were treated with various concentrations of BA(0,1,2,5,10,20,40,80 μmol·L-1).Cell viability was assessed using the Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8).Flow cytometry,wound healing assays,and Transwell assays were employed to evaluate the effects of BA on cell apoptosis,cell cycle,invasion,and migration.Mo-lecular docking simulations were used to assess the binding of BA to GSK-3β protein,and Western blot analysis was used to examine protein expression related to the cell cycle,epithelial-mesenchymal transition,and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.An HT-29 cell subcutaneous xenograft mouse model was established.After tumor formation,mice were randomly divided into three groups(six mice per group):a blank group,a low-dose BA group(0.1 mg·kg-1),and a high-dose BA group(0.2 mg·kg-1).Mice were ad-ministered the drug for 19 d,then sacrificed,and tumor tissues were collected.Tumor volume changes over time were observed;Ki67 immunohistochemistry was used to assess cell proliferation in tumor tissues;Western blot analysis of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway protein expression was conducted.RESULTS Compared with the blank group,BA could significantly inhibit the proliferation of HT-29 and HCT116 cells,with IC50 values of 10.80 μmol·L-1 and 17.96 μmol·L-1,respectively.Flow cytometry results showed that BA significantly induced apoptosis of HT-29 cells(P<0.01,P<0.001),and arrested the cell cycle at the S phase,accompanied by de-creased expression of cycle-related proteins CDK2 and Cyclin A(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001).BA inhibited cell migration and in-vasion ability(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001),reduced the expression of EMT-related proteins Snail,Vimentin,and N-Cadherin(P<0.01,P<0.001),and upregulated the expression of E-Cadherin protein.In addition,BA inhibited the expression of β-catenin and p-GSK3β proteins.Wnt agonist LiCl could significantly antagonize the anti-colon cancer effect of BA;Wnt inhibitor XAV939 could enhance the anti-colon cancer effect of BA.In the in vivo experiment,compared with the blank group,the tumor volume of the low-dose and high-dose BA groups was significantly reduced(P<0.05,P<0.001).Immunohistochemistry results showed that compared with the blank group,the expression of Ki67 in tumor tissues of the low-dose and high-dose BA groups was significantly reduced(P<0.001).Western blot results further proved that BA inhibited the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.CONCLUSION BA inhibits the viability,invasion,and migration of colon cancer HT-29 cells,induces apoptosis,and causes cell cycle arrest.Additionally,it significantly suppresses the growth of subcutaneous HT-29 cell xenografts in vivo,possibly related to the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Objective:To observe the effects of auricular point compression and exercise therapy on glycolipid metabolism,oxidative stress and sleep quality in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients with poor glycemic control.Methods:This study was a single-center randomized controlled study,86 T2DM patients with poor glycemic control who were treated in our hospital from June 2022 to June 2024 were divided into control group(received conventional treatment,n=43)and observation group(received auricular point compression and exercise therapy,n=43)by using the random number table method.The clinical efficacy,blood lipid indexes,blood glucose indexes,oxidative stress indexes and sleep quality were compared between the two groups.Results:The total clinical effective rate,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and Glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)of the observation group after treatment were higher than those of the control group,and the fasting blood glucose(FBG),glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c),Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance(HOMA-IR),total cholesterol(TC),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),triglycerides(TG),reactive oxygen species(ROS),malondialdehyde(MDA)and Pittsburgh sleep Quality Index(PSQI)score were lower than those of the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion:Auricular point compression and exercise therapy can regulate glycolipid metabolism in T2DM patients with poor glycemic control,improve the degree of oxidative stress and sleep quality.

Objective To compare five time series models and predict the monthly incidence of bacillary dysentery in Qinghai Province in 2024,and provide reference for the prevention and control.Methods The epidemic charac-teristics of bacterial dysentery in Qinghai Province from 2014 to 2023 were analyzed.R4.3.1 software was used for establishing seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average(SARIMA)model,Holt-Winters triple exponential smoothing(Holt Winters)model,exponential smoothing(ETS)model,neural network autoregression(NNAR)model,and trigonometric seasonality,Box-Cox transformation,ARMA errors,trend and seasonal components(TBATS)model.Fitting effect of the models was analyzed and accuracy was compared.Results From 2014 to 2023,a total of 5 833 cases of bacterial dysentery were reported in Qinghai Province,without deaths,male to fe-male ratio being 1.23∶1.The highest incidence was reported in 2016(15.45 per 100 000 people),and the lowest in-cidence was reported in 2023(3.68 per 100 000 people).Incidence increased from 2014 to 2016,then decreased,showing an obvious overall downward trend.Case number in＜5 years age group was the highest,accounting for 29.76％of the total cases(n=1 736).Regarding population distribution,the top three were children in childcare institutions and scattered children(35.56％),farmers(24.65％),and students(12.62％).Except the additive Holt-Winters model,the predicted trends of the other four models were consistent with actuality.The ETS model had the best fitting effect,with a relatively balanced overall performance(training set:MAE=0.13,RMSE=0.21,MAPE=19.55％;testing set:MAE=0.11,RMSE=0.16,MAPE=28.66％).It is recommended to pre-dict the incidence of bacillary dysentery in Qinghai Province based on ETS model.Conclusion From 2014 to 2023,bacterial dysentery in Qinghai Province showed a downward trend,with the peak of the epidemic from June to Au-gust.Preschool and scattered children were high-risk groups.Among the five prediction models,ETS model has the best fitting effect,and can be used to predict the incidence of bacillary dysentery.

Objective To compare five time series models and predict the monthly incidence of bacillary dysentery in Qinghai Province in 2024,and provide reference for the prevention and control.Methods The epidemic charac-teristics of bacterial dysentery in Qinghai Province from 2014 to 2023 were analyzed.R4.3.1 software was used for establishing seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average(SARIMA)model,Holt-Winters triple exponential smoothing(Holt Winters)model,exponential smoothing(ETS)model,neural network autoregression(NNAR)model,and trigonometric seasonality,Box-Cox transformation,ARMA errors,trend and seasonal components(TBATS)model.Fitting effect of the models was analyzed and accuracy was compared.Results From 2014 to 2023,a total of 5 833 cases of bacterial dysentery were reported in Qinghai Province,without deaths,male to fe-male ratio being 1.23∶1.The highest incidence was reported in 2016(15.45 per 100 000 people),and the lowest in-cidence was reported in 2023(3.68 per 100 000 people).Incidence increased from 2014 to 2016,then decreased,showing an obvious overall downward trend.Case number in＜5 years age group was the highest,accounting for 29.76％of the total cases(n=1 736).Regarding population distribution,the top three were children in childcare institutions and scattered children(35.56％),farmers(24.65％),and students(12.62％).Except the additive Holt-Winters model,the predicted trends of the other four models were consistent with actuality.The ETS model had the best fitting effect,with a relatively balanced overall performance(training set:MAE=0.13,RMSE=0.21,MAPE=19.55％;testing set:MAE=0.11,RMSE=0.16,MAPE=28.66％).It is recommended to pre-dict the incidence of bacillary dysentery in Qinghai Province based on ETS model.Conclusion From 2014 to 2023,bacterial dysentery in Qinghai Province showed a downward trend,with the peak of the epidemic from June to Au-gust.Preschool and scattered children were high-risk groups.Among the five prediction models,ETS model has the best fitting effect,and can be used to predict the incidence of bacillary dysentery.