To thoroughly implement the strategic deployment outlined in the Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Promoting the Inheritance and Innovative Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine regarding research on dominant diseases of traditional Chinese medicine and to uphold the development philosophy of equal emphasis on traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine，the China Association of Chinese Medicine has fully played a leading academic role by systematically organizing and conducting a series of academic youth salons on clinical dominant diseases of traditional Chinese medicine. On September 13，2024，the 36^th Youth Salon on Clinical Dominant Diseases was successfully held in Nanjing，focusing on the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine and the integrative traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of erectile dysfunction （ED）. The conference brought together leading experts from traditional Chinese medicine，western medicine，and interdisciplinary fields，facilitating in-depth multidisciplinary discussions that led to key consensus on optimizing traditional Chinese medicine treatment protocols for ED，researching and developing new drugs of traditional Chinese medicine，and advancing interdisciplinary development in traditional Chinese medicine. This salon systematically sorted out the clinical strengths and distinctive features of traditional Chinese medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of ED. Based on current research foundations and clinical needs，it identified key directions for future scientific layout and scientific research tackling： （1） Standardization of syndrome differentiation system of traditional Chinese medicine for ED. （2） Optimization and standardization of intervention methods of integrated traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine. （3） High-quality clinical research guided by evidence-based medicine. （4） In-depth analysis of the pharmacological mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of ED. （5） Clinical translation and application promotion of new drugs of traditional Chinese medicine. （6） Interdisciplinary integration and innovation in traditional Chinese medicine. For each research direction，key focus areas，expected objectives，and clinical value were further refined，along with the establishment of a scientifically sound priority funding level evaluation system. Therefore，building on the series of salons on the ED-focused dominant diseases of traditional Chinese medicine，this paper provides standardized guidance for clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine in ED management，effectively contributing to the high-quality development of traditional Chinese medicine. It serves as a valuable reference for national scientific and technological strategic layout， research and development decision-making in new drugs of traditional Chinese medicine，research topic planning，and clinical guideline formulation.

Radical prostatectomy (RP) is the main therapeutic method for early localized prostate cancer.With the advancement of technology，robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) is widely applied，which can enable better achievement of the “five wins”, including long-term tumor control，recovery of urinary control，negative surgical margins，preservation of erectile function，and reduced postoperative complications，thereby improving the treatment efficacy.This paper reviews the various surgical approaches (transabdominal，transperitoneal，transvesical，transperineal，single-hole)，current status of optional surgical equipment (da Vinci surgical robot，domestic robot)，and advantages and limitations of RARP，so as to provide reference for clinicians in choosing the optimal surgical method for prostate cancer.

Neuronal reprogramming is an innovative technique for converting non-neuronal somatic cells into neurons that can be used to replace lost or damaged neurons, providing a potential effective therapeutic strategy for central nervous system (CNS) injuries or diseases. Transcription factors have been used to induce neuronal reprogramming, while their reprogramming efficiency is relatively low, and the introduction of exogenous genes may result in host gene instability or induce gene mutation. Therefore, their future clinical application may be hindered by these safety concerns. Compared with transcription factors, small-molecule compounds have unique advantages in the field of neuronal reprogramming, which can overcome many limitations of traditional transcription factor-induced neuronal reprogramming. Here, we review the recent progress in the research of small-molecule compound-mediated neuronal reprogramming and its application in CNS regeneration and repair.
Humans ; Cellular Reprogramming/drug effects* ; Neurons/cytology* ; Animals ; Transcription Factors ; Small Molecule Libraries/pharmacology* ; Nerve Regeneration

Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) is a prevalent metabolic and endocrine disorder. Long-term hyperglycemia can lead to severe chronic complications, imposing substantial economic burdens on both society and patients. Despite the availability of various hypoglycemic agents for clinical use, these agents often fail to meet the therapeutic needs of T2DM and its complications. Consequently, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies and drugs. Lithocarpus litseifolius(L. litseifolius), commonly referred to as "cordyceps on trees", has a long history of use in traditional medicine and can be applied in tea, sugar, and medicine. Research indicates that L. litseifolius extracts are rich in dihydrochalcones, including trilobatin, phloridzin, and phloretin, which exhibit a range of pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, and cardioprotective effects. These properties suggest potential applications in the treatment of T2DM and its complications. This review systematically compiled and organized the relevant literature from the past decade on dihydrochalcones(trilobatin, phloridzin, and phloretin) from L. litseifolius extracts. It highlighted recent research progress regarding their role in treating T2DM and its complications through mechanisms such as reducing insulin resistance, regulating glucose transport, improving glucose and lipid metabolism, modulating enzyme activity, regulating gut microbiota, and alleviating inflammation and oxidative damage. The purpose of this review is to provide a reference and basis for future research on the prevention and treatment of T2DM and its complications using dihydrochalcones(trilobatin, phloridzin, and phloretin) from L. litseifolius extracts.
Chalcones/chemistry* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism* ; Humans ; Animals ; Elaeocarpaceae/chemistry* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Hypoglycemic Agents/chemistry* ; Plant Extracts/chemistry*

This paper aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of action of the Yiqi Fumai Formula(YQFM), a kind of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), on mice with experimental heart failure based on the "heart-gut axis" theory. Based on the network pharmacology integrated with the group collaboration algorithm, the active ingredients were screened, a "component-target-disease" network was constructed, and the potential pathways regulated by the formula were predicted and analyzed. Next, the model of experimental heart failure was established by intraperitoneal injection of adriamycin at a single high dose(15 mg·kg~(-1)) in BALB/c mice. After intraperitoneal injection of YQFM(lyophilized) at 7.90, 15.80, and 31.55 mg·d~(-1) for 7 d, the protective effects of the formula on cardiac function were evaluated using indicators such as ultrasonic electrocardiography and myocardial injury markers. Combined with inflammatory factors in the cardiac and colorectal tissue, as well as targeted assays, the relevant indicators of potential pathways were verified. Meanwhile, 16S rDNA sequencing was performed on mouse fecal samples using the Illumina platform to detect changes in gut flora and analyze differential metabolic pathways. The results show that the administration of injectable YQFM(lyophilized) for 7 d significantly increased the left ventricular end-systolic internal diameter, fractional shortening, and ejection fraction of cardiac tissue of mice with experimental heart failure(P<0.05). Moreover, markers of myocardial injury were significantly decreased(P<0.05), indicating improved cardiac function, along with significantly suppressed inflammatory responses in cardiac and intestinal tissue(P<0.05). Additionally, the species of causative organisms was decreased, and the homeostasis of gut flora was improved, involving a modulatory effect on PI3K-Akt signaling pathway-related inflammation in cardiac and colorectal tissue. In conclusion, YQFM can affect the "heart-gut axis" immunity through the homeostasis of the gut flora, thereby exerting a therapeutic effect on heart failure. This finding provides a reference for the combination of TCM and western medicine to prevent and treat heart failure based on the "heart-gut axis" theory.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Heart Failure/microbiology* ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Male ; Disease Models, Animal ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects* ; Heart/physiopathology* ; Humans ; Signal Transduction/drug effects*

The zebrafish model has attracted much attention due to its strong reproductive ability, short research cycle, and ease of maintenance. It has always been an important vertebrate model system, often used to carry out human disease research. Its motor behavior features have the advantages of being simpler, more intuitive, and quantifiable. In recent years, it has received widespread attention in the study of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for the treatment of sleep disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, fatigue, epilepsy, and other diseases. This paper reviews the characteristics of zebrafish motor behavior and its applications in the pharmacodynamic verification and mechanism research of TCM extracts, active ingredients, and TCM compounds, as well as in active ingredient screening and safety evaluation. The paper also analyzes its advantages and disadvantages, with the aim of improving the breadth and depth of zebrafish and its motor behavior applications in the field of TCM research.
Zebrafish/physiology* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods* ; Animals ; Sleep Wake Disorders/physiopathology* ; Epilepsy/physiopathology* ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/physiopathology* ; Fatigue/physiopathology* ; Behavior, Animal/physiology* ; Motor Activity/physiology*

Epicutaneo-cava catheters(ECC)placement plays an important role in fluid management,drug therapy and nutritional support in very low birth weight infants(VLBWI).This study reviews the selection of ECC catheters,preparation for ECC catheterization,catheterization procedures,catheter positioning and tracking,and revelations and recommendations in light of the clinical needs of VLBWI,with the aim of optimizing the clinical management of VLBWI,increasing the success rate of ECC catheterization in NICUs,decreasing the risk of complications,improving the prognosis of the children,and enhancing the quality of their clinical care.

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne infectious disease with a high mortality rate. Many countries worldwide have already reported local transmission, and the number of reported cases has been increasing yearly, with an ever-expanding region. No specific treatment drugs or vaccines have seriously threatened public health safety in epidemic regions. This article reviews the epidemiological characteristics, transmission routes, and control measures of SFTS.

Objective:To investigate the staging criteria of renal tuberculosis，and to analyze the diagnostic and therapeutic characteristics as well as prognostic outcomes at different stages.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 134 patients with renal tuberculosis who were admitted to the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University between January 2019 and December 2023.The study cohort included 62 males and 72 females，with a mean age of（46.63 ± 13.52）years and a mean body mass index（BMI）of（22.85 ± 3.73）kg/m 2. A total of 107 patients resided in rural areas. Sixty patients had a history of pulmonary tuberculosis. Tuberculous lesions were located in the left kidney in 72 cases and in the right kidney in 62 cases. The main presenting complaints included irritative lower urinary tract symptoms in 85 patients and systemic symptoms in 92 patients. Ureteral involvement was observed in 97 patients，bladder involvement in 32 patients，and genital involvement in 9 patients. Based on computed tomography（CT）findings，the number，extent，and degree of renal destruction caused by tuberculous lesions were comprehensively evaluated in axial，coronal，and sagittal planes. The primary staging criteria included lesion diameter（2 cm）and the proportion of renal volume involved by the lesion（one-third，one-half，and two-thirds）. Renal tuberculosis was classified into three stages and six subtypes：Stage Ⅰa，a solitary lesion with a diameter ≤ 2 cm；Stage Ⅰb，a solitary lesion >2 cm or multiple lesions confined within one-third of the renal volume；Stage Ⅱa，lesions involving more than one-third but confined within one-half of the renal volume；Stage Ⅱb，lesions involving more than one-half but confined within two-thirds of the renal volume；Stage Ⅲa，lesions involving more than two-thirds of the renal volume with a glomerular filtration rate（GFR）of the affected kidney <10 ml/min；and Stage Ⅲb，complete renal calcification，presenting as an “autonephrectomy”. Among the 134 patients included in this study，7 were classified as Stage Ⅰa，17 as Stage Ⅰb，20 as Stage Ⅱa，19 as Stage Ⅱb，62 as Stage Ⅲa，and 9 as Stage Ⅲb. The severity of hydronephrosis was graded as follows：mild，renal pelvic separation <2 cm；moderate，2-3 cm；and severe，>3 cm. Prior to treatment，the mean renal pelvic separation was（1.76 ± 0.92）cm in Stage Ⅰa，（1.69 ± 0.81）cm in Stage Ⅰb，and（1.10 ± 0.82）cm in Stage Ⅱa，corresponding to mild to moderate hydronephrosis. All 7 patients in Stage Ⅰa underwent ureteroscopic examination and double-J stent placement，combined with a 6-month short-course anti-tuberculosis regimen consisting of isoniazid，rifampicin，pyrazinamide，and ethambutol for 2 months（intensive phase），followed by isoniazid and rifampicin for 4 months（continuation phase）. Among the 17 patients in Stage Ⅰb，13 presented with hydronephrosis and underwent ureteroscopic examination and double-J stent placement in combination with 6 months of anti-tuberculosis therapy，while 4 patients with isolated renal tuberculosis received anti-tuberculosis therapy alone for 6 months.Of the 20 patients in Stage Ⅱa，4 with hydronephrosis underwent ureteroscopic examination and double-J stent placement plus 6 months of anti-tuberculosis therapy，whereas 16 underwent nephroureterectomy. All 19 patients in Stage Ⅱb underwent nephroureterectomy. Among the 62 patients in Stage Ⅲa，60 underwent nephroureterectomy，while 2 refused surgery and were treated with the 6-month short-course anti-tuberculosis regimen. Of the 9 patients in Stage Ⅲb，8 underwent nephroureterectomy；in 1 patient，surgery was not performed due to severe adhesions in the operative field，and the patient received the 6-month short-course anti-tuberculosis regimen instead. Follow-up assessments included clinical symptoms，erythrocyte sedimentation rate（ESR），serum creatinine，degree of renal pelvic separation，and imaging findings from urinary tract CT. Efficacy was evaluated according to the following criteria：Cure was defined as clinical stability with all of the following conditions：① improvement of systemic symptoms，including absence of flank pain，fever，and lower urinary tract irritative symptoms，with normalization of erythrocyte sedimentation rate（ESR）；② negative urine culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis；and ③ complete calcification of renal lesions and/or no evidence of tuberculous lesions at other sites. Stable disease was defined as no change in the size or extent of renal tuberculosis lesions. Progressive disease was defined as enlargement or increase in the number of tuberculous lesions or involvement of additional sites. Results:Among the 7 patients in Stage Ⅰa，follow-up imaging after treatment showed a mean renal pelvic separation of（0.44 ± 0.56）cm，which was significantly reduced compared with baseline（ t = 3.909， P = 0.008）. Five patients achieved cure，1 remained stable，and 1 showed disease progression and subsequently underwent nephroureterectomy，resulting in postoperative cure. In Stage Ⅰb，among 13 patients with hydronephrosis，post-treatment imaging showed a mean renal pelvic separation of（0.8 ± 0.75）cm，a statistically significant improvement from baseline（ t = 5.633， P < 0.01）. Six patients were cured，4 remained stable，and 3 experienced disease progression and underwent nephroureterectomy. Of the 4 patients with isolated renal tuberculosis，2 were controlled，and 2 progressed and underwent nephroureterectomy. In Stage Ⅱa，among 4 patients with tuberculous hydronephrosis，post-treatment renal pelvic separation was（1.20±0.98）cm，with no significant difference from baseline（ t = -1.675， P = 0.193）；these patients underwent nephroureterectomy 1-2 years later. The remaining 16 patients without hydronephrosis underwent nephroureterectomy and were cured. All 19 patients in Stage Ⅱb underwent nephroureterectomy；17 were cured，and 2 developed ipsilateral perirenal fluid collections 3 months postoperatively，which resolved spontaneously with the standard 6-month anti-tuberculosis regimen. Among 62 patients in Stage Ⅲa，60 underwent nephroureterectomy. Of these，54 were cured；1 developed a urinary tract infection within 2 weeks postoperatively；3 showed contralateral renal disease progression at 3 months；and 1 developed ipsilateral perirenal fluid at 3 months，which resolved spontaneously with standard anti-tuberculosis therapy. One patient developed solitary kidney failure 7 months postoperatively and underwent ureteral stent placement，with disease remaining stable thereafter. Two patients refused surgery and received only anti-tuberculosis therapy；during follow-up，1 patient experienced disease progression and died of disseminated tuberculosis after 1 year，while the other developed contralateral renal involvement at 3 months and received standard 6-month therapy，with disease remaining stable. Among 9 patients in Stage Ⅲb，8 underwent nephroureterectomy and were cured. One patient，with severe adhesions precluding surgery，received anti-tuberculosis therapy alone，and disease remained stable over a 2-year follow-up. Conclusions:The CT-based staging system for renal tuberculosis proposed in this study（three stages and six subtypes）effectively reflects the severity of renal lesions and clearly delineates the clinical characteristics and prognostic outcomes at each stage. Stage Ⅰ patients treated with anti-tuberculosis drugs combined with double-J stent placement demonstrated favorable outcomes and high renal preservation rates. In contrast，Stages Ⅱ and Ⅲ patients showed poor responses to anti-tuberculosis therapy combined with drainage，with a higher risk of disease progression and relatively worse prognosis，highlighting the recommendation for early nephroureterectomy of the affected kidney.