Objective To explore a method for rapid and differential diagnosis of rejection after kidney transplantation through urine hyperspectral imaging technology. Methods Hyperspectral data information from urine samples of 118 recipients after kidney transplantation was collected, and a deep learning model was constructed to diagnose and classify the types of rejection. Results A deep learning diagnostic model based on the 34-layer residual network (ResNet-34) was constructed, and 118 patients were included and divided into the training set and the test set. Based on the pathological results of the transplanted kidney puncture, the urine samples of the patients were classified into five groups: the non-rejection group, the T-cell-mediated rejection group, the antibody-mediated rejection group, the mixed rejection group and the nephropathy recurrence group. The results showed that the diagnostic sensitivities of the model for the above five groups were 0.960, 0.980, 0.930, 0.940 and 0.943 respectively, and the diagnostic specificities were 0.983, 0.993, 0.997, 0.989 and 0.989 respectively. The overall diagnostic accuracy rate reached 95.7%. Conclusions The study provides a non-invasive, rapid and accurate auxiliary diagnostic method for the differential diagnosis of rejection after kidney transplantation.

Objective To explore the expression characteristics of BAIAP2L1 in cervical cancer (CC) and its regulatory role in tumor cell metastasis. Methods The correlation between BAIAP2L1 expression and clinical prognosis was analyzed by using a public database. GO pathway enrichment and clinicopathological correlation analyses were conducted by employing R language. The effect of BAIAP2L1 knockdown on CC cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were further investigated through gene silencing approaches. Results BAIAP2L1 expression was significantly upregulated in CC tissues (P_adj <0.001) and it was identified as an independent risk factor for patient mortality (HR=2.808, P=0.03). Elevated BAIAP2L1 levels showed significant correlations with poor overall survival, advanced T/N stage, recurrence, and metastasis (all P<0.05). Functional enrichment analysis revealed its involvement in tumor metastasis-related pathways. The knockdown of BAIAP2L1 significantly attenuated CC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration and suppressed key EMT processes (all P<0.05). Conclusion BAIAP2L1 is overexpressed in CC tissues and associated with patient prognosis and metastasis. The targeted inhibition of BAIAP2L1 can effectively curb tumor progression.

Metabolomics covers a wide range of applications in life sciences, biomedicine, and phytology. Data acquisition (to achieve high coverage and efficiency) and analysis (to pursue good classification) are two key segments involved in metabolomics workflows. Various chemometric approaches utilizing either pattern recognition or machine learning have been employed to separate different groups. However, insufficient feature extraction, inappropriate feature selection, overfitting, or underfitting lead to an insufficient capacity to discriminate plants that are often easily confused. Using two ginseng varieties, namely Panax japonicus (PJ) and Panax japonicus var. major (PJvm), containing the similar ginsenosides, we integrated pseudo-targeted metabolomics and deep neural network (DNN) modeling to achieve accurate species differentiation. A pseudo-targeted metabolomics approach was optimized through data acquisition mode, ion pairs generation, comparison between multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) and scheduled MRM (sMRM), and chromatographic elution gradient. In total, 1980 ion pairs were monitored within 23 min, allowing for the most comprehensive ginseng metabolome analysis. The established DNN model demonstrated excellent classification performance (in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, area under the curve, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC)) using the entire metabolome data and feature-selection dataset, exhibiting superior advantages over random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and multilayer perceptron (MLP). Moreover, DNNs were advantageous for automated feature learning, nonlinear modeling, adaptability, and generalization. This study confirmed practicality of the established strategy for efficient metabolomics data analysis and reliable classification performance even when using small-volume samples. This established approach holds promise for plant metabolomics and is not limited to ginseng.

OBJECTIVE To improve the quality evaluation method of Platycodonis Radix, to study the differences in the quality of three-years-old Platycodonis Radix under different harvesting periods, and to determine the optimal harvesting period of Platycodonis Radix. METHODS The leachate, ash, moisture, refractive index and the content of six saponins were used as the quality evaluation indexes. The differences between the herbs of Platycodonis Radix at different harvesting periods were characterized with the help of mathematical and statistical methods. And link the entropy weight method, gray correlation analysis and TOPSIS method were combined to obtain the statistical analysis of the relevant indexes and the quality ranking information of the herbs in different harvesting periods. RESULTS There were significant differences between the quality evaluation indexes of three-years-old Platycodonis Radix at different harvesting periods. The added multi-indicator testing had improved the quality evaluation system of Platycodonis Radix and enhanced the "Drug properties-Effectiveness" linkage of the herbs. And the results of the comprehensive quality evaluation model showed that the herbs harvested around October 21 (Frost’s Descent) were ranked best in terms of comprehensive index. CONCLUSION In order to ensure the quality of Platycodonis Radix, the best harvesting period for three-years-old Platycodonis Radix is determined around the "Frost’s Descent" season, taking into account the characteristics of the herbs' appearance and the material basis of herbs.

Objective:To investigate the effectiveness of new cryoprotective agents in preserving and transplanting human adipose tissue.Methods:The adipose tissue samples were obtained from healthy adult females who underwent liposuction at the Department of Plastic Surgery of Peking University Third Hospital from January to March 2022. The adipose tissue samples were centrifuged and then randomly divided into 9 groups. These groups were cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen using different cryoprotective agents [group A, group B, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group] and cryopreservation times (1-month, 2-month, and 3-month groups), respectively. The cryoprotective agent formulation in group A was dextrose glycoside 40 (DEX), amino acids, vitamins, and inorganic salts. In group B, the formulation included DMSO and DEX. The ratio of cryoprotective agent in the DMSO group was 10% DMSO, 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS), and 70% DMEM-12. For cryopreservation, 5 ml cryogenic tubes were used with a fat to cryoprotective agent ratio of 3∶2, and each group contains 6 tubes for cryopreservation. After thawing the adipose tissue, HE staining was used to observe the histological morphology. Immunohistochemical staining was employed for the quantitative analysis of lipid droplet-encapsulated protein (Perilipin), and the Perilipin positivity rate was calculated by the ratio of the number of positive cells to the total number of cells. Adipocyte viability was assessed using the CCK-8 method. Thirty-eight healthy, clean nude mice were selected and divided into 3 groups of 12 mice each according to the use of different cryoprotective agents (groups A, B, and DMSO), while the other 2 mice were used as the day 0 control group. The mean fat freezing duration for all groups was 3 months. After nude mice were anesthetized intraperitoneally, 0.9 ml of thawed cryopreserved fat was injected into the dorsum bilaterally. The rate of adipose tissue retention was calculated by MRI scanning and three-dimensional software at 1, 2, and 3 months after transplantation, and compared between the groups. The fat grafts were explanted from the mice after they were sacrificed, and then subjected to histological morphology and quantitative analysis of Perilipin by using HE staining and immunohistochemical staining. GraphPad Prism 8.0 software was used for statistical analysis of the data. The data that conformed to a normal distribution were expressed as Mean ± SD. The overall comparison between multiple groups used analysis of variance for repeated measures. The comparison of data between groups at the same time point used Tukey’s multiple comparison test.Results:The morphology of adipose tissue in different cryoprotective agent groups closely resembled that of normal fresh adipose tissue after being cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen for 1-3 months. The difference in the proportion of Perilipin-stained positive cells in each group was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). The CCK-8 method indicated that the effect of the DMSO group was superior to groups A and B at 1 and 3 months of cryopreservation ( P<0.01), and that the DMSO group and group B were superior to group A at 2 months of cryopreservation ( P<0.01). In the animal experiments, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in the volume retention rate 1-3 months after cryopreserved fat transplantation ( P>0.05). Additionally, the adipose tissues in each group exhibited varying degrees of localized necrosis accompanied by an inflammatory reaction 1-3 months after transplantation. There was no statistically significant difference in the Perilipin staining positivity between the groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:The use of new cryoprotective agents for cryopreserving adipose tissue does not show a significant difference compared to the traditional cryoprotective agent. However, it is theoretically safer as it avoids the potential toxic effects of using DMSO or FBS on the human body.

Objective:To investigate the effectiveness of new cryoprotective agents in preserving and transplanting human adipose tissue.Methods:The adipose tissue samples were obtained from healthy adult females who underwent liposuction at the Department of Plastic Surgery of Peking University Third Hospital from January to March 2022. The adipose tissue samples were centrifuged and then randomly divided into 9 groups. These groups were cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen using different cryoprotective agents [group A, group B, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group] and cryopreservation times (1-month, 2-month, and 3-month groups), respectively. The cryoprotective agent formulation in group A was dextrose glycoside 40 (DEX), amino acids, vitamins, and inorganic salts. In group B, the formulation included DMSO and DEX. The ratio of cryoprotective agent in the DMSO group was 10% DMSO, 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS), and 70% DMEM-12. For cryopreservation, 5 ml cryogenic tubes were used with a fat to cryoprotective agent ratio of 3∶2, and each group contains 6 tubes for cryopreservation. After thawing the adipose tissue, HE staining was used to observe the histological morphology. Immunohistochemical staining was employed for the quantitative analysis of lipid droplet-encapsulated protein (Perilipin), and the Perilipin positivity rate was calculated by the ratio of the number of positive cells to the total number of cells. Adipocyte viability was assessed using the CCK-8 method. Thirty-eight healthy, clean nude mice were selected and divided into 3 groups of 12 mice each according to the use of different cryoprotective agents (groups A, B, and DMSO), while the other 2 mice were used as the day 0 control group. The mean fat freezing duration for all groups was 3 months. After nude mice were anesthetized intraperitoneally, 0.9 ml of thawed cryopreserved fat was injected into the dorsum bilaterally. The rate of adipose tissue retention was calculated by MRI scanning and three-dimensional software at 1, 2, and 3 months after transplantation, and compared between the groups. The fat grafts were explanted from the mice after they were sacrificed, and then subjected to histological morphology and quantitative analysis of Perilipin by using HE staining and immunohistochemical staining. GraphPad Prism 8.0 software was used for statistical analysis of the data. The data that conformed to a normal distribution were expressed as Mean ± SD. The overall comparison between multiple groups used analysis of variance for repeated measures. The comparison of data between groups at the same time point used Tukey’s multiple comparison test.Results:The morphology of adipose tissue in different cryoprotective agent groups closely resembled that of normal fresh adipose tissue after being cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen for 1-3 months. The difference in the proportion of Perilipin-stained positive cells in each group was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). The CCK-8 method indicated that the effect of the DMSO group was superior to groups A and B at 1 and 3 months of cryopreservation ( P<0.01), and that the DMSO group and group B were superior to group A at 2 months of cryopreservation ( P<0.01). In the animal experiments, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in the volume retention rate 1-3 months after cryopreserved fat transplantation ( P>0.05). Additionally, the adipose tissues in each group exhibited varying degrees of localized necrosis accompanied by an inflammatory reaction 1-3 months after transplantation. There was no statistically significant difference in the Perilipin staining positivity between the groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:The use of new cryoprotective agents for cryopreserving adipose tissue does not show a significant difference compared to the traditional cryoprotective agent. However, it is theoretically safer as it avoids the potential toxic effects of using DMSO or FBS on the human body.

Ferroptosis is closely associated with the progression of various diseases.There are a series of anti-ferroptosis systems in the cell,the main function of which is to eliminate lipid peroxides and inhibit the occurrence of ferropto-sis.Ubiquitination is a crucial type of post-translational protein modification which can influence the degradation,intracellular localization,or function of substrate proteins.Ubiquitination modification plays an important role in regulating key proteins in-volved in ferroptosis pathways,such as SLC7A11,GPX4,FSP1,iron metabolism-related proteins,and other critical proteins in ferroptosis pathways.This review aims to summarize the research progress on ubiquitination modification of these key proteins in ferroptosis pathways,thereby elucidating the specific role of ubiquitination in ferroptosis pathways.

Objective To investigate the differences in subchondral bone mineral density(BMD)between the femoral and tibial sides in patients of knee osteoarthritis(KOA)with normal lines of force and varus.Methods The data of 450 knee joints with a definite diagnosis of KOA were included in this study including weight-bearing full-length X-ray films and quantitative computed tomography(QCT)scans of both lower limbs.Among them,131 were in the normal force line group and 319 were in the knee varus group.The hip-knee-ankle(HKA)angle and BMD of the femoral medial condyle,femoral lateral condyle,tibial medial plateau and tibial lateral plateau were measured.BMD ratio of tibial medial plateau to tibial lateral plateau and the BMD ratio of femoral medial condyle to femoral lateral condyle were calculated.BMD in medial and lateral compartments of the femur and tibia were compared between the two groups,followed by subgroup analyses based on gender and age.Spearman correlation was used to analyze the correlation between the BMD ratio of tibial medial plateau to tibial lateral plateau,the BMD ratio of femoral medial condyle to femoral lateral condyle and the degree of varus in the knee varus group.Results The BMD of the medial femoral condyles and medial tibial platforms were higher in the knee varus group than those in the normal force line group.The BMD of femoral lateral condyle and lateral tibial platform was lower in the knee varus group than that in the normal force line group.The BMD ratio of the medial to lateral tibial plateaus was greater than one in both groups,and the ratio of the knee varus group was greater.The BMD ratio of femoral medial to lateral condyle in the knee varus group was significantly higher than that in the normal force line group.For women,these findings were more pronounced and were independent of age.Correlation analysis showed that the BMD ratio of medial tibial plateau to lateral tibial plateau was negatively correlated with HKA angle(rs=-0.436,P＜0.01),and the BMD ratio of the medial femoral condyle to lateral femoral condyle was also negatively correlated with HKA angle(rs=-0.394,P＜0.01).Conclusion The BMD of medial femoral and tibial compartment is increased and the BMD of lateral compartment is decreased in the genu varus group compared with the normal force line group.

AIM:To investigate the effect of hydrogen sulfide(H2S)on ferroptosis and functional impairment induced by oxidized high-density lipoprotein(ox-HDL)in human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs),and to ex-plore its mechanisms.METHODS:The HUVECs were cultured in vitro and exposed to 200 mg/L ox-HDL,ferroptosis in-hibitor ferrostatin-1(Fer-1),protein kinase B(PKB/Akt)inhibitor MK-2206 2HCl(MK),Akt agonist SC79,and/or H2S for 24 h.Western blot was used to identify the relevant proteins.Intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS)were analyzed by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining.Intracellular iron was measured using an iron detection kit.The number of monocytes adhering to endothelial cells was counted using the monocyte adhesion assay.RESULTS:Compared with control group,acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4(ACSL4)protein expression in ox-HDL group was elevated by 1.45-fold(P<0.01),glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)protein expression was decreased by 29.79%(P<0.05),and ROS levels and iron ion content were elevated by 4.81-fold and 1.40-fold,respectively(P<0.01).The ratios of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-Akt/Akt were decreased by 45.65%and 41.68%,respectively(P<0.01),endo-thelial cell function-related protein IL-6,ICAM-1 and TNF-α expression was elevated 1.18-fold,1.24-fold and 1.41-fold(P<0.05),respectively,eNOS protein expression was decreased by 35.24%(P<0.01),and monocyte adhesion was ele-vated 3.43-fold(P<0.01).Compared with ox-HDL group,the endothelial cell iron death-related protein ACSL4 was de-creased by 22.32%(P<0.05),GPX4 was increased by 1.27-fold(P<0.01),and the p-Akt/Akt ratio was increased by 1.52-fold(P<0.01)in ox-HDL+H2S group.The fluorescence microscopy results showed that the ROS was decreased by 50.35%(P<0.01).The IL-6,ICAM-1 and TNF-α protein expression was decreased by 13.34%,9.83%and 13.46%(P<0.05),respectively,eNOS was elevated by 1.22-fold(P<0.01),and the number of monocyte adhesion was de-creased by 59.05%(P<0.01).Compared with ox-HDL group,GPX4 protein expression in ox-HDL+SC79 group was ele-vated by 1.49-fold(P<0.01),ACSL4 expression was decreased by 20.72%(P<0.05),and ROS and iron ions were de-creased by 59.31%and 23.85%(P<0.05),respectively.Compared with ox-HDL+H2S group,GPX4 protein expression was decreased by 21.28%,and ACSL4 protein expression was increased by 1.16-fold in ox-HDL+H2S+MK group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:H2S activates Akt to inhibit ox-HDL-induced ferroptosis in HUVECs and alleviate their func-tional damage.

Objective:To summarize the clinicopathologic characteristics of undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver.Methods:The clinical data of 16 patients with undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver admitted to Shandong Provincial Hospital and Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital from Jan 2000 to Jan 2023 was retrospectively analyzed.Results:The diagnosis of undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma in all the 16 patients was established by postoperative pathology. The clinical manifestations of the patients were mainly asymptomatic abdominal mass, abdominal pain and discomfort. The laboratory examination was mostly nonspecific, the image exam showed mostly solid cystic mass. 14 cases underwent radical surgical resection.The minimum survival time was 7 months, maximum survival time was 121 months with median survival time of 35.9 months.Conclusions:Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver is an extremely rare malignant tumor of the liver. The disease lacks specific clinical manifestations. CT examination can assist in the diagnosis of the disease. Diagnosis of undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver depends on pathological examination. The prognosis of patients is poor, surgical resection of the tumor is an effective treatment.