OBJECTIVE To investigate the improvement mechanism of Huatan tongmai decoction on rats with polycystic ovary syndrome （PCOS） by regulating autophagy through phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase（PI3K）/protein kinase B（AKT）/mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） pathway. METHODS A total of 40 rats were randomly divided into blank group （purified water）， model group （purified water）， traditional Chinese medicine group [Huatan tongmai decoction， 24 g/（kg·d）] and chemical drug group [metformin， 0.16 g/（kg·d）]， with 10 rats in each group. Except for blank group， other groups were given a combination of high-fat diet and intragastric administration of 1 mg/kg letrozole suspension to establish PCOS rat model. After modeling， they were given relevant medicine or water intragastrically， once a day， for 42 consecutive days. After the last administration， the pathological and ultrastructural changes of ovarian tissue were observed. The levels of follicle stimulating hormone （FSH）， testosterone （T）， estradiol （E2） ，luteinizing hormone （LH） in serum were detected，and the LH/FSH ratio was calculated. mRNA expressions of Beclin-1， p62 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 （LC3） in ovarian tissue were detected. The expressions of related proteins of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and autophagy in rat ovarian tissues were also detected. RESULTS Compared with blank group， the pathological damage and ultrastructural changes of the ovarian tissue in the model group rats were obvious， and a large number of autophagosomes could be seen in cells. The levels of T and LH and the LH/FSH ratio in serum， as well as mRNA and protein expressions of Beclin-1 and LC3， were increased significantly （P＜0.05）， while the levels of E2 and FSH in serum， as well as mRNA and protein expressions of p62 and the phosphorylation levels of PI3K， AKT and mTOR proteins in ovarian tissue， were significantly decreased （P＜0.05）. Compared with model group， the pathological damage of ovarian tissue in the administration groups was significantly reduced， the number of autophagosomes was smaller， and the expression levels of the above indicators were significantly reversed （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Huatan tongmai decoction can inhibit autophagy in ovarian granular cells by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway， regulate the secretion of sex hormones， alleviate pathological damage in ovarian tissues， and promote normal follicular development， thereby exerting an ameliorative effect on PCOS rats.

Traditional Chinese medicine of Polygonum cuspidatum has been utilized in China for thousands of years. Its primary active compound, polydatin, exhibits a variety of pharmacological effects including the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, suppression of cough and asthma, as well as antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. However, conventional methods for polydatin production are inadequate to satisfy the market demand. This study aims to explore the green and efficient preparation of polydatin. With resveratrol as the substrate, we efficiently synthesized polydatin by using the triple mutant IGW (Y14I/I62G/M315W) of the glycosyltransferase UGT_BS based on a strategy of two-enzyme coupled with one-pot and realized the recycling of uridine diphosphate-glucose (UDPG). The conditions of the two-enzyme reaction were optimized. Under the conditions of 35 ℃, pH 8.0, IGW: AtSuSy1 activity ratio of 3:4, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) volume fraction of 5%, uridine diphosphate (UDP) concentration of 0.10 mmol/L, and sucrose concentration of 0.6 mol/L, the conversion of 2 mmol/L resveratrol reached 80.6% within 1 h, and the proportion of polydatin was over 90%. This study achieved the recycling of UDPG via a two-enzyme coupling system and shortened the reaction time. At the same time, the fed-batch strategy was adopted, and the yield of polydatin reached 6.28 g/L after 24 h in the one-pot coupling reaction, which provided a new strategy for green and efficient preparation of polydatin.
Stilbenes/chemistry* ; Glucosides/biosynthesis* ; Resveratrol ; Fallopia japonica/chemistry* ; Glycosyltransferases/genetics*

Objective To construct a model that can predict the risk of diagnosing ABO-blood group sys-tem hemolytic disease of the newborn(ABO-HDN)and to verify its effectiveness.Methods A total of 446 children with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia who met the inclusion criteria and were first diagnosed in this hos-pital from January 2022 to March 2023 were selected as the modeling group,and were divided into the develo-ping group(200 cases)and the non-developing group(246 cases)according to whether ABO-HDN was diag-nosed.Totally 17 potential influencing factors were included for univariate analysis and multi-factor analysis,and independent risk factors were included in R software to establish a Nomogram model to predict the risk of ABO-HDN.Another 105 cases of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in the hospital from April to September 2023 were selected as the verification group.Results In the modeling group,Logistic regression analysis showed that maternal pregnancy number,prenatal serum titer,hemoglobin level,white blood cell count,creatine ki-nase level and neonatal Apgar 1 min score were all independent risk factors for ABO-HDN(P＜0.05).Multi-variate Logistic regression analysis showed that the area under receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve of the modeling group was 0.819(95％CI:0.779-0.859),sensitivity was 0.655,specificity was 0.878.In the verification group,the area under ROC curve was 0.867(95％CI:0.800-0.933),the sensitivity was 0.803,and the specificity was 0.773.Conclusion The established predictive model scoring system can effec-tively predict the risk of ABO-HDN.

Morphea alopecia is a rare secondary cicatricial alopecia, often caused by linear scleroderma of the scalp. When hair loss appears as the only symptom of morphea, it is easily confused with other localized alopecia. The diagnosis of morphea alopecia depends on histopathologic and dermoscopic examinations. In order to improve the understanding of morphea alopecia among clinicians, this review summarizes research progress in its pathogenesis, clinical and pathological characteristics, diagnosis and treatment.

BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been included in various neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) regimens for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, due to the relatively short period for the use of ICIs in NAT, patients' clinical outcomes with different regimens are uncertain. Our study aims to examine the efficacy of neoadjuvant immunotherapy (NAIT) for NSCLC patients and compare the overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) of patients receiving different NAT regimens. METHODS: This study retrospectively included 308 NSCLC patients treated with different NAT regimens and subsequent surgery in National Cancer Center between August 1, 2016 and July 31, 2022. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis were conducted to evaluate the prognosis of patients. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 27.5 months, the 1-year OS rates were 98.8% and 96.2%, and the 2-year OS rates were 96.6% and 85.8% in patients of the NAIT and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) group, respectively (hazard ratio [HR], 0.339; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.160-0.720; P = 0.003). The 1-year EFS rates were 96.0% and 88.0%, and the 2-year EFS rates were 92.0% and 77.7% for patients in the NAIT and NACT groups, respectively (HR, 0.438; 95% CI, 0.276-0.846; P = 0.010). For patients who did not achieve pathological complete response (pCR), significantly longer OS ( P = 0.012) and EFS ( P = 0.019) were observed in patients receiving NAIT than those receiving NACT. Different NAT regimens had little effect on surgery and the postoperative length of stay (6 [4, 7] days vs . 6 [4, 7] days, Z = -0.227, P = 0.820). CONCLUSIONS NAIT exhibited superior efficacy to NACT for NSCLC, resulting in longer OS and EFS. The OS and EFS benefits were also observed among patients in the NAIT group who did not achieve pCR.
Humans ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/mortality* ; Male ; Female ; Lung Neoplasms/mortality* ; Middle Aged ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use* ; Neoadjuvant Therapy/methods* ; Retrospective Studies ; Aged ; Adult ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Treatment Outcome ; Immunotherapy/methods*

This article reviews the application and future prospects of complement component 5 (C5) inhibitors in kidney transplantation for sensitized recipients. Kidney transplantation significantly improves the survival and quality of life for patients with end-stage kidney disease. However, donor kidney shortages and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) sensitization are major obstacles. HLA-sensitized candidates, particularly highly sensitized ones, face a significantly elevated risk of post-transplant rejection due to pre-existing HLA antibodies. Eculizumab, a terminal complement inhibitor, inhibits rejection by preventing the cleavage of C5 into C5a and C5b, thus blocking the formation of the membrane attack complex and suppressing complement-dependent cytotoxicity.

Objective:To explore the efficacy of interventional therapy for transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) and the 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates of recipients after treatment.Methods:This is a retrospective case series study. Forty TRAS recipients who underwent interventional treatment at Zhengzhou University People's Hospital between April 2016 and April 2021 were included as the study group. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the survival rates of the transplanted kidneys and recipients, and survival curves were plotted. The improvement in graft function and blood pressure after interventional therapy in the study group was further analyzed.Results:The 1- and 3-year graft survival rates in the study group after interventional therapy were 87.5% and 82.5%, respectively; the 1-, 2-, and 3-year recipient survival rates were all 100%. One month after interventional therapy, the peak systolic velocity (PSV) and resistance index (RI) of the transplanted kidneys were (235.4±135.1) cm/s and 0.60±0.07, respectively, which were significantly different from the pre-treatment values [(482.8±180.6) cm/s and 0.52±0.12, respectively; both P<0.001]. Serum creatinine levels at 1, 2, and 3 years after interventional therapy were (166.6±93.7) μmol/L, (137.4±57.2) μmol/L, and (137.4±57.9) μmol/L, respectively, all significantly lower than the pre-treatment level [(242.9±156.8) μmol/L; P=0.001, P<0.001, and P<0.001, respectively]. Systolic blood pressure at 1, 2, and 3 years after treatment was (138.5±11.1) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), (134.0±12.0) mmHg, and (130.8±10.8) mmHg, respectively, all significantly lower than the pre-treatment value [(153.8±9.8) mmHg; all P<0.001]. Diastolic blood pressure at 1, 2, and 3 years after treatment was (84.4±9.9) mmHg, (83.7±10.1) mmHg, and (81.9±6.9) mmHg, respectively, all significantly lower than the pre-treatment value [(93.5±12.8) mmHg; P=0.002, P=0.001, and P<0.001, respectively]. Conclusions:Interventional therapy can enable the majority of kidney transplant recipients diagnosed with TRAS to avoid the need for further dialysis, and it has positive effects on both transplant renal function and blood pressure control.

Erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp (EPDS) is a rare superficial skin inflammatory disease that occurs on the scalp, and its pathogenesis is still unclear. Its clinical manifestations are similar to those of infective inflammation and malignant tumors, and its diagnosis is highly dependent on non-specific pathological changes, so the diagnosis is relatively difficult. Clinically, topical glucocorticoids are the main treatment method, but treatment outcomes vary greatly among individuals, and patients with refractory EPDS need other treatment methods. EPDS generally requires long-term topical glucocorticoid therapy, and adverse drug reactions are common. This review summarizes research progress in EPDS in recent years, in order to improve clinicians' understanding of this disease.

Congenital triangular alopecia is a kind of non-inflammatory and non-cicatricial alopecia, and most cases develop this disease at the ages of 2 - 9 years. The pathogenesis of congenital triangular alopecia is still unclear, and there is a lack of effective treatments. Congenital triangular alopecia is rather liable to be misdiagnosed and erroneously treated, and dermoscopy helps confirm the diagnosis. This review summarizes the progress in the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical diagnosis, and treatment of congenital triangular alopecia.

BACKGROUND:With the continuous development of medical technology,the treatment of distal radius fractures is facing the need for more precise and personalized treatment.The traditional splint fixation method has some limitations in clinical application,which often has defects such as unstable fixation and easy to occur pressure sores.The validation of the improved 3D printed splint with rapid grid-free simulation is expected to lead to more accurate and effective treatment options for distal radius fractures.OBJECTIVE:To explore the design method of 3D printed splint for distal radius fracture based on clinical defect improvement and verify its clinical efficacy by rapid grid-free analysis.METHODS:Clinical defects of splint fixation of extended distal radius fracture were retrospectively analyzed,and 3D printed small splint was designed with specific improvement.The digital models of traditional splint and improved new 3D printed splint were made by Computer Aided Design drawing.Total,bone,soft tissue,and splint displacement and stress distribution were calculated through simulation analysis using rapid grid-free analysis tools.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the traditional splint,the improved new 3D printing splint exerteded more balanced pressure on the skin without obvious stress concentration,and had better body surface adhesion.The displacement was smaller and the movement range was more reasonable.(2)An 3D printed splint based on clinical defect improvement can be designed.Rapid grid-free analysis verifies the advantages of the improved 3D splint,providing a basis for clinical application.