Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global public health concern. Existing antiviral drugs, including nucleos(t)ide analogs and interferon-α, can suppress HBV replication and improve the prognosis. However, the persistence of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), the integration of HBV-DNA into the host genome, and compromised immune responses impede the successful treatment of hepatitis B. While achieving a functional cure of HBV remains elusive with the current treatment methods, this is the goal of new therapeutic approaches. Therefore, developing novel antiviral drugs is necessary for achieving a functional or complete cure for chronic hepatitis B. In recent years, substantial progress has been made in drug discovery and development for HBV infection. Direct-acting antiviral agents such as entry inhibitors, capsid assembly modulators, subviral particle release inhibitors, cccDNA silencers, and RNA interference molecules have entered clinical trials. In addition, several immunomodulatory agents, including toll-like receptor agonists, therapeutic vaccines, checkpoint inhibitors, and monoclonal antibodies, are also making their way toward clinical use. In this review, we summarize the recent progress and limitations of chronic hepatitis B treatment and discuss perspectives on approaches to achieving functional cure. Although it will take some time for these new antiviral drugs to be widely used in clinical practice, combination therapy may become a preferable treatment option in the future.
Humans ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use* ; Hepatitis B, Chronic/drug therapy* ; Hepatitis B virus/genetics*

Diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, collectively referred to the " Three Highs, " represent increasingly prevalent metabolic risk factors in China. Many individuals experience all three conditions concurrently, significantly heightening the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Although the National Metabolic Management Center(MMC) has been established for over eight years and has its unique features, the awareness, treatment, and control rates of these diseases in China remain low, and the efficiency of community management is insufficient. According to the previous two editions of management guidelines and the most recent domestic and international diagnostic and treatment guidelines, this paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the operational experience and management strategies of the MMC. Its aim is to improve the efficiency of grassroots MMC mode management for " Three Highs" patients and ensure that patients receive more standardized management.

Diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, collectively referred to the " Three Highs, " represent increasingly prevalent metabolic risk factors in China. Many individuals experience all three conditions concurrently, significantly heightening the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Although the National Metabolic Management Center(MMC) has been established for over eight years and has its unique features, the awareness, treatment, and control rates of these diseases in China remain low, and the efficiency of community management is insufficient. According to the previous two editions of management guidelines and the most recent domestic and international diagnostic and treatment guidelines, this paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the operational experience and management strategies of the MMC. Its aim is to improve the efficiency of grassroots MMC mode management for " Three Highs" patients and ensure that patients receive more standardized management.

Objective:To analyze the influence of micro-course guided by mind mapping on the examination results, critical thinking ability and learning efficiency of interns in internal medicine department of traditional Chinese medicine.Methods:A total of 86 interns rotated in the internal medicine department of traditional Chinese medicine from July 2018 to November 2019 were randomized into two groups, namely the control group ( n=43) and the research group ( n=43). The control group received traditional teaching, and the research group adopted micro-course guided by mind mapping to carry out teaching activities. SPSS 21.0 was used to conduct t test and chi-square test to compare the evaluation results of assessment, critical thinking ability, learning efficiency and comprehensive ability. Results:The scores of theory and skill practice in the research group were higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05). After intervention, the evaluation results of critical thinking ability in the two groups were better than before intervention ( P<0.05), and the evaluation results of critical thinking ability in the research group were better than those in the control group ( P<0.05). The total effective rate of the research group was significantly higher than that of the control group ( P<0.05). The evaluation results of comprehensive ability in the research group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The application of micro-course guided by mind mapping in practice teaching of internal medicine department of traditional Chinese medicine has a positive impact on the cultivation of interns' critical thinking ability and comprehensive ability, with excellent examination results and high learning efficiency.

Objective To observe the clinical effects of Xie's Feiai No.1 formula on patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its influence on body immune system, VEGF (blood vessel endothelia growth factor) and CYFRA21-1 (keratoprotein 21-1). Methods 650 cases of advanced NSCLC were randomized into a treatment group and chemotherapy group, with 350 cases and 300 cases in each group respectively. The treatment group was administrated with Xie's Feiai No.1 formula, while the chemotherapy group was treated with chemotherapy ofGP plan/TP plan. Both groups were treated for 2 months. Results The short-term effective rate was 56.57% in the treatment group, which was superior to 44.33% (P<0.01) in the chemotherapy group; Steady rate KPS score improvement was 85.14% in the treatment group, which was also higher than 27.00% (P<0.01) in the chemotherapy group; besides the levels of total T cell, adjuvant T cell and NK cell in the treatment group were higher than the chemotherapy group, while the levels of Ts cell, VEGF and CYFRA21-1 int the treatment group were lower than the chemotherapy group. Long-term efficacy observation showed that the survival rate of 117 cases with advanced NSCLC was 83.59% in one year and 46.27% in three years in the treatment group, both significantly higher than those in the chemotherapy group (P<0.01).Conclusion Xie's Feiai No.l formula can increase NSCLC patients' survival time, improve quality of life, strengthen immunological function and restrain tumor cells' activities.

OBJECTIVE: To analyses the clinical characteristics of 28 chronic rhino-sinusitis patients only characterized olfactory disorders. METHOD: Twenty-eight patients who have only olfactory disorder were diagnosed chronic rhino-sinusitis, among which 16 patients accepted intranasal budesonide for 15 days. All patients accepted CT scan, T&T test and olfactory event-related potentials test before and after treatment. RESULT: (1) No difference was found between 21 patients ( < or = 12 months) and 7 patients (>12 months) (P > 0.05), significant difference was found between maxillary sinus,ethmoid sinus and frontal sinus, sphenoid sinus in CT scan (P < 0.01). (2) Olfactory function improves after treatment (P < 0.01). Significant difference is found between 12 patients ( < or =12 months) and 4 patients (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION (1) Chronic rhino-sinusitis patients who have only olfactory disorder were found; (2) Intranasal budesonide treatment could improve olfactory functions of chronic rhino-sinusitis' patients.
Adult ; Aged ; Budesonide ; therapeutic use ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Olfaction Disorders ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Olfactory Mucosa ; Sinusitis ; complications ; diagnosis ; drug therapy

Objective To observe the recent effect and influence of Lung Cancer Fang No.1 on immunologic function and serum vessel endothelia growth factor (VEGF), keratoprotein 21-1 (CYFRA21-1) in non-small cell lung cancer patients (NSCLC). Methods One hundred non-small cell lung cancer patients were randomized into 52 cases of treatment group on Lung Cancer Fang No.1 and 48 cases of chemotherapy group. The treatment group was treated by Lung Cancer Fang No.1, and the chemotherapy group by GP or TP programme for 2 treatment courses. Immune function indexes, serum VEGF and CYFRA21-1 were determined before and after treatment. Results Efficacy for the treatment group recently was 76.92%, better than 43.75% of the chemotherapy group (P