In February 2025, a local cluster outbreak caused by the D8 genotype Measles virus (MV) was first discovered in Henan Province. Epidemiological investigations and laboratory testing were conducted, including the collection of serum and throat swabs for MV IgM antibody and nucleic acid detection, virus isolation and genetic homology analysis. Measures such as close contact tracing, vaccination rate assessment and supplementary immunization activities were implemented, successfully preventing broader community transmission. A total of three cases were reported during the outbreak, including one imported-related adolescent and two secondary local adult cases. All cases presented with typical symptoms such as fever and rash. Both adult cases were complicated by pneumonia, with one case developing into severe pneumonia. MV genotyping showed that the two secondary cases were both the D8 genotype, with the viral sequences being completely homologous to the Kazakhstan strain. Among the close contacts, 98.2% were adults, and 142 individuals received emergency vaccination.

In February 2025, a local cluster outbreak caused by the D8 genotype Measles virus (MV) was first discovered in Henan Province. Epidemiological investigations and laboratory testing were conducted, including the collection of serum and throat swabs for MV IgM antibody and nucleic acid detection, virus isolation and genetic homology analysis. Measures such as close contact tracing, vaccination rate assessment and supplementary immunization activities were implemented, successfully preventing broader community transmission. A total of three cases were reported during the outbreak, including one imported-related adolescent and two secondary local adult cases. All cases presented with typical symptoms such as fever and rash. Both adult cases were complicated by pneumonia, with one case developing into severe pneumonia. MV genotyping showed that the two secondary cases were both the D8 genotype, with the viral sequences being completely homologous to the Kazakhstan strain. Among the close contacts, 98.2% were adults, and 142 individuals received emergency vaccination.

Objective:To observe and preliminarily analyze the risk factors related to silicone oil dependence after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in open globe injuries (OGI) .Methods:A retrospective clinical study. This study included 211 patients with OGI who received PPV treatment from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2016 in Eye Injury Vitrectomy Study database. Silicone oil dependence was defined as the intraocular pressure <10 mm Hg (1 mm Hg= 0.133 kPa) in silicone oil tamponade eye 6 months after PPV. The patient's age, intraocular pressure, type of injury, length of eyeball wound, as well as the presence of ciliary body injury, choroidal injury, and retinal resection and/or defect area were recorded in detail. Logistic multifactorial regression analyzed the correlation between age, eye wound length and ciliary body iinjury, choroidal injury and retinal resection and/or defect severity and silicone oil dependence.Results:211 OGI eyes underwent vitrectomy were included, the mean age of the study population was 32.93 years (range 1-73 years), and the median follow-up period was 20.06 months (range 5.85-90.58 months). Among the 211 eyes, 121 (57.3%, 121/211), 52 (24.6%, 52/211), 23 (10.9%, 23/211) and 15 (7.1%, 15/211) were rupture, perforation, intraocular foreign bodies and penetrating injury, respectively. 98 eyes (46.4%, 98/211) of silicone oil dependence in total, among them, 64 (65.3%, 64/98), 19 (19.4%, 19/98), 9 (9.2%, 9/98) and 6 (6.1%, 6/98) eyes were rupture, perforation, intraocular foreign body and penetrating injury, respectively. Correlation analysis revealed that silicone oil dependence was significantly associated with ciliary body injury [odds ratio ( OR) = 2.150, 95% confidence interval ( CI) 1.052-4.393], choroidal injury ( OR=3.233, 95% CI 1.454-7.191), and retinal injury ( OR=2.731, 95% CI 1.393-5.353). No correlation was found with age ( OR= 0.981, 95% CI 0.960-1.002) or ocular wound length ( OR=1.716, 95% CI 0.987-2.984) ( P> 0.05). Conclusion:Silicone oil dependency following PPV in OGIs are associated with ciliary body, choroidal, and retinal injuries, but no association with age or length of the ocular wound.

Objective:To observe and preliminarily analyze the risk factors related to silicone oil dependence after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in open globe injuries (OGI) .Methods:A retrospective clinical study. This study included 211 patients with OGI who received PPV treatment from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2016 in Eye Injury Vitrectomy Study database. Silicone oil dependence was defined as the intraocular pressure <10 mm Hg (1 mm Hg= 0.133 kPa) in silicone oil tamponade eye 6 months after PPV. The patient's age, intraocular pressure, type of injury, length of eyeball wound, as well as the presence of ciliary body injury, choroidal injury, and retinal resection and/or defect area were recorded in detail. Logistic multifactorial regression analyzed the correlation between age, eye wound length and ciliary body iinjury, choroidal injury and retinal resection and/or defect severity and silicone oil dependence.Results:211 OGI eyes underwent vitrectomy were included, the mean age of the study population was 32.93 years (range 1-73 years), and the median follow-up period was 20.06 months (range 5.85-90.58 months). Among the 211 eyes, 121 (57.3%, 121/211), 52 (24.6%, 52/211), 23 (10.9%, 23/211) and 15 (7.1%, 15/211) were rupture, perforation, intraocular foreign bodies and penetrating injury, respectively. 98 eyes (46.4%, 98/211) of silicone oil dependence in total, among them, 64 (65.3%, 64/98), 19 (19.4%, 19/98), 9 (9.2%, 9/98) and 6 (6.1%, 6/98) eyes were rupture, perforation, intraocular foreign body and penetrating injury, respectively. Correlation analysis revealed that silicone oil dependence was significantly associated with ciliary body injury [odds ratio ( OR) = 2.150, 95% confidence interval ( CI) 1.052-4.393], choroidal injury ( OR=3.233, 95% CI 1.454-7.191), and retinal injury ( OR=2.731, 95% CI 1.393-5.353). No correlation was found with age ( OR= 0.981, 95% CI 0.960-1.002) or ocular wound length ( OR=1.716, 95% CI 0.987-2.984) ( P> 0.05). Conclusion:Silicone oil dependency following PPV in OGIs are associated with ciliary body, choroidal, and retinal injuries, but no association with age or length of the ocular wound.

Objective:To explore the clinical features and risk factors of systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) concomitant with interstitial lung disease(ILD) in children.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed.A total of 111 hospitalized children diagnosed with SLE in the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children′s Hospital of Soochow University from February 2016 to November 2018 were selected as the research subjects and divided into the SLE-ILD group(18 cases) and the SLE-non-ILD group(93 cases)according to the lung high-resolution CT manifestations. T-test and Wilcoxon rank sum test were used to compare and analyze the general situation, clinical manifestations and laboratory results.Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of SLE-ILD. Results:The prevalence of SLE-ILD was 16.2%(18/111 cases). There were significant differences between the SLE-ILD group and the SLE-non-ILD group in the course of disease [14.00 (12.00-24.25) months vs.1.00(1.00-2.00) months], the incidence of serositis [55.6%(10/18 cases) vs.8.6%(8/93 cases)], post-activity shortness of breath [83.3%(15/18 cases) vs.25.8%(24/93 cases)], nervous system damage [27.8%(5/18 cases) vs.6.5%(6/93 cases)], cardiovascular system damage [38.9%(7/18 cases) vs.9.7%(9/93 cases)], the occu-rrence of increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate [66.7%(12/18 cases) vs.31.2%(29/93 cases)], the decreased C 3[88.9%(16/18 cases) vs.62.4%(58/93 cases)], positive anti neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) [88.9%(16/18 cases) vs.18.3%(17/93 cases)], positive anti-Sm antibody [61.1%(11/18 cases) vs.15.1%(14/93 cases)] and anti ribonucleoprotein antibody (anti RNP antibody)[66.7%(12/18 cases) vs.16.1%(15/93 cases)](all P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that serositis( OR=30.535, 95% CI: 2.167-430.336, P=0.011), shortness of breath after exercise( OR=55.115, 95% CI: 1.117-2 579.852, P=0.041), positive ANCA( OR=65.090, 95% CI: 4.488-944.071, P=0.002) and positive anti-RNP antibody( OR=10.007, 95% CI: 1.362-73.500, P=0.024) were risk factors for SLE-ILD. Conclusions:The longer the course of SLE, the higher the incidence of ILD; serositis, shortness of breath after exercise, positive ANCA and positive anti RNP antibody may be risk factors for SLE-ILD.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is defined as arthritis of unknown etiology during childhood.The pathogenesis of this disease is still unclear and the main principle of treatment is to eliminate symptoms, control infla-mmation, and protect joint function.Clinical prognosis can be improved in most JIA patients, but still some patients will eventually become disabled.With the advent of new biologic treatment agents, the treatment management model of JIA is also facing great challenges.Currently, there is still no unified standard to measure and monitor the clinical situation in all patients.This review aims to describe the disease assessment indices important to routine clinical care and integral to the design of outcome studies and clinical trials in JIA.

Objective To explore the dynamic changes and significance of costimulatory molecules CD40 and lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of children with eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EG). Methods The CD40 expression and lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry (FCM) in 15 children with EG (acute stage and remission stage) and 15 healthy controls. The level of serum interleukin (IL) -4 was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The eosinophil (EOS) was count by blood cell analyzer. Results In acute stage, the children with EG had significantly higher expression of CD40, CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+, and CD19+CD23+ in peripheral blood, higher serum IL-4 level, higher EOS count and lower CD8+ than in remission stage and control group (P all<0.05). There were no differences between remission stage and control group (P>0.05). In acute stage, the expression of CD40 in peripheral blood in children with EG was positively correlated with the expression of CD4+ and IL-4 (P all<0.05). Conclusions CD40 may be involved in the pathogenesis of EG. That the increase of IL-4 secreted by CD4+ T cells that were induced by CD40 results in abnormal increase of EOS may be one of mechanisms of the pathogenesis of EG.

Objective To analyze the expressions of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and serum cytokines in the children with secretory otitis media (SOM) and the effects of glucocorticoids interventions.Methods Totally 90 SOM children were selected as case group,and 30 healthy children were selected as control group.The case group was randomly divided into group A (simple oral antibiotic treatment),group B (oral antibiotics combined with local glucocorticoid treatment) and group C (oral antibiotics combined with systemic glucocorticoid treatment),30 cases in each group.The CD4 + T lymphocytes percentage,CD8 + T lymphocytes percentage,the ratio of CD4 +/CD8 + T lymphocytes in peripheral blood and the serum interleukin-2 (IL-2),interferon gamma (IFN-γ),tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α),interleukin-6 (IL-6),interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels were detected and compared between case group and control group.The air conduction auditory thresholds under different frequency of the patients in group A,group B and group C were examined and compared.Results The CD4 + T lymphocytes percentage,the ratio of CD4 +/CD8 + T lymphocytes in peripheral blood and the serum IL-2,IFN-γ,TNF-α,IL-6,IL-10 levels of the patients in the case group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.0 5).After the treatment,the above indicators of the children in group A,group B and group C decreased,and there were significant differences before and after the treatment between two groups (P ＜ 0.05).The air conduction auditory thresholds under different frequency of the patients in group B or group C were significantly lower than those in group A (P ＜ 0.05),while there were no significant differences in the air conduction auditory thresholds under different frequency between the children in group B and group C (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The patients with SOM show imbalanced cell immune function and cytokines expressions in the peripheral blood.The combination of glucocorticoids therapy and routine antibiotic therapy can effectively improve the immune function and the therapeutic effects.

Objective To analyze the expressions of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and serum cytokines in the children with secretory otitis media (SOM) and the effects of glucocorticoids interventions.Methods Totally 90 SOM children were selected as case group,and 30 healthy children were selected as control group.The case group was randomly divided into group A (simple oral antibiotic treatment),group B (oral antibiotics combined with local glucocorticoid treatment) and group C (oral antibiotics combined with systemic glucocorticoid treatment),30 cases in each group.The CD4 + T lymphocytes percentage,CD8 + T lymphocytes percentage,the ratio of CD4 +/CD8 + T lymphocytes in peripheral blood and the serum interleukin-2 (IL-2),interferon gamma (IFN-γ),tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α),interleukin-6 (IL-6),interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels were detected and compared between case group and control group.The air conduction auditory thresholds under different frequency of the patients in group A,group B and group C were examined and compared.Results The CD4 + T lymphocytes percentage,the ratio of CD4 +/CD8 + T lymphocytes in peripheral blood and the serum IL-2,IFN-γ,TNF-α,IL-6,IL-10 levels of the patients in the case group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.0 5).After the treatment,the above indicators of the children in group A,group B and group C decreased,and there were significant differences before and after the treatment between two groups (P ＜ 0.05).The air conduction auditory thresholds under different frequency of the patients in group B or group C were significantly lower than those in group A (P ＜ 0.05),while there were no significant differences in the air conduction auditory thresholds under different frequency between the children in group B and group C (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The patients with SOM show imbalanced cell immune function and cytokines expressions in the peripheral blood.The combination of glucocorticoids therapy and routine antibiotic therapy can effectively improve the immune function and the therapeutic effects.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus (TAC) for treatment of Henoch-SchSnlein purpura nephritis in children.Methods Forty children with Henoch-SchSnlein purpura nephritis (pathological grade Ⅲ-Ⅵ) in Children's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University from January 2013 to June 2016 were selected and divided into TAC group (n =19) and cyclophosphamide (CTX) group (n =21).The children in TAC group were given TAC orally;the children in CTX group were given CTX pulse therapy intravenously.The 24 h urine protein,urine red blood cell count,serum albumin,serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen of children before treatment and after 6 months treatment were observed and compared between the two groups.The treatment effects and adverse reactions of patients were observed and compared between the two groups.Results There was no statistic difference in the 24 h urine protein,urine red blood cells count,serum albumin,blood creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels of children between the two groups before treatment (P ＞ 0.05).The 24 h urinary protein and urine red blood cells count of children after 6 months of treatment in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment (P ＜ 0.05);there was no statistic difference in the serum albumin,serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels of children in the two groups before treatment and after 6 months of treatment (P ＞ 0.05).Mter 6 months of treatment,the 24 h urine protein and urine red blood cells count of children in TAC group were significantly lower than those in the CTX group (P ＜ 0.05);there was no statistic difference in the serum albumin,serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels of children between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).After 6 months treatment,the effective rate of children in the TAC group was significantly higher than that in the CTX group (x2 =4.607,P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions of children in the TAC group was significantly lower than that in the CTX group (x2 =4.043,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion TAC is effective in treatment of Henoch-Sch(o)nlein purpura nephritis in children.It is easy to take,and has less adverse reactions.