Objective To investigate the in vitro anti-hepatitis B virus(HBV)effects of icariside Ⅱ(ICS Ⅱ)and its impact on mitochondrial fission.Methods HBV-positive hepatocellular carcinoma HepAD38 cells were used as the cellular model.The cytotoxicity of ICS Ⅱ was assessed via CCK8 assay.The secretion levels of HBV surface antigen(HBsAg)and HBV e antigen(HBeAg),as well as HBV DNA copy numbers,were measured by ELISA and qPCR after treatment with ICS Ⅱ alone or ICS Ⅱ in combination with entecavir(ENT).The effects of ICS Ⅱ on mitochondrial morphology and motility were observed using confocal laser scanning microscopy and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).After ICS Ⅱ treatment,Western blot was performed to analyze the expression levels of key proteins involved in mitochondrial dynamics.Additionally,intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)production was evaluated via fluorescence staining.Results The CCK8 assay results showed that ICS Ⅱ treatment at 25 μmol/L had no significant effect on cell proliferation after 72 h.ICS Ⅱ significantly inhibited the secretion levels of HBsAg and HBeAg,with the respective inhibition rates reaching 54.90％and 39.65％(P＜0.05).Additionally,ICS Ⅱ alone reduced HBV DNA copy numbers by 15.19％,while ENT alone achieved a 34.11％inhibition rate.Notably,ICS Ⅱ in combination with ENT reduced HBV DNA copy numbers by 55.81％(P＜0.05).Furthermore,ICS Ⅱ induced mitochondrial shortening and enhanced mitochondrial motility in HepAD38 cells(P＜0.05).ICS Ⅱ significantly increased the expression levels of mitochondrial motility-related proteins,including Mfn1,Fis1,and phosphorylated Drp1(ser 616)(P＜0.05),while no significant changes were observed in the expression levels of Mfn2,total Drp1,or Drp1(ser 637)(P＞0.05).Additionally,ICS Ⅱ significantly suppressed the production of intracellular ROS in HepAD38 cells(P＜0.05).Conclusion ICS Ⅱ inhibits HBV replication in HepAD38 cells,and the underlying mechanism may be associated with the promotion of mitochondrial fission and suppression of ROS production.

Objective:To compare the efficacy of superior trunk block (STB) versus interscalene brachial plexus block (ISB) in the patients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery with general anesthesia.Methods:Sixty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients, aged 18-70 yr, undergoing elective arthroscopic shoulder surgery, were divided into 2 groups ( n=30 each) using a random number table method: ISB plus general anesthesia group (group IG) and STB plus general anesthesia group (group SG). In group IG and group SG, 0.375% ropiacaine 15 ml was injected around C 5-C 6 nerve roots and superior trunk, respectively.SpO 2, diaphragmatic excursion, diaphragmatic paralysis, dyspnea and Horner syndrome were recorded at 30 min after injection.General anesthesia with tracheal intubation was then performed in all the patients, and remifentanil or phenylephrine was used to maintain hemodynamics stable.The use of remifentanil was recorded at the end of operation, the visual analogue scale score was performed after patients regained consciousness, and the duration of sensory and motor blockade was recorded at 24 h after operation. Results:Compared with group IG, the decrease in the amplitude of SpO 2 was significantly decreased, and diaphragmatic excursion was increased, the incidence and degree of diaphragmatic paralysis were decreased, duration of sensory blockade was prolonged, the incidence of Horner syndrome and dyspnea was decreased ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the requirement for remifentanil, postoperative visual analogue scale score, and duration of motor blockade in group SG ( P>0.05). Conclusion:STB not only provides better perioperative analgesia, but also reduces the incidence of diaphragmatic paralysis when compared with ISB in the patients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery with general anesthesia.