AIM:To explore the molecular mechanism by which treadmill exercise reshapes the homeostasis of mitochondrial dynamics and alleviates depression-like behavior.METHODS:The mouse model of depression-like be-havior was established by electronic foot shock plus restraint stress.The depression-like mice were intervened with tread-mill exercise.The neurobehavior of mice was evaluated using the open field test and elevated plus-maze test,neuronal in-jury was detected by Nissl staining and TUNEL,and the expression of mitochondrial dynamics-related proteins was detect-ed by Western blot and immunofluorescence.RESULTS:Five weeks of electronic foot shock plus restraint stress success-fully established the depression-like mouse model,and neurobehavioral tests showed that the mice exhibited depression-like behaviors.In depression-like mice,neuronal synapses were degraded and neuronal apoptosis increased,while tread-mill exercise reduced neuronal damage and alleviated abnormal neurobehavior in depression-like mice.The mechanism study shows that the expression of mitochondrial fission-related protein 1(Fis1)and dynamin-related protein 1(Drp1)in-volved in mitochondrial division is up-regulated,and the expression of mitofusin 2(MFN2)and optic atrophy 1 protein(OPA1)involved in mitochondrial fusion is down-regulated in the cerebral cortex of depression-like mice.Notably,tread-mill exercise reverses the expression of these mitochondrial dynamics-related proteins and reshapes the homeostasis of mi-tochondrial dynamics.CONCLUSION:Mitochondrial dynamics disorder is involved in the pathological process of neu-robehavioral changes in mice with depression-like behavior.Treadmill exercise reshapes the homeostasis of mitochondrial dynamics and alleviates depression-like behavior.This study provides a scientific reference for the clinical application of exercise therapy as an adjuvant therapy in the intervention of diseases associated with depression-like behavior.

AIM:To explore the molecular mechanism by which treadmill exercise reshapes the homeostasis of mitochondrial dynamics and alleviates depression-like behavior.METHODS:The mouse model of depression-like be-havior was established by electronic foot shock plus restraint stress.The depression-like mice were intervened with tread-mill exercise.The neurobehavior of mice was evaluated using the open field test and elevated plus-maze test,neuronal in-jury was detected by Nissl staining and TUNEL,and the expression of mitochondrial dynamics-related proteins was detect-ed by Western blot and immunofluorescence.RESULTS:Five weeks of electronic foot shock plus restraint stress success-fully established the depression-like mouse model,and neurobehavioral tests showed that the mice exhibited depression-like behaviors.In depression-like mice,neuronal synapses were degraded and neuronal apoptosis increased,while tread-mill exercise reduced neuronal damage and alleviated abnormal neurobehavior in depression-like mice.The mechanism study shows that the expression of mitochondrial fission-related protein 1(Fis1)and dynamin-related protein 1(Drp1)in-volved in mitochondrial division is up-regulated,and the expression of mitofusin 2(MFN2)and optic atrophy 1 protein(OPA1)involved in mitochondrial fusion is down-regulated in the cerebral cortex of depression-like mice.Notably,tread-mill exercise reverses the expression of these mitochondrial dynamics-related proteins and reshapes the homeostasis of mi-tochondrial dynamics.CONCLUSION:Mitochondrial dynamics disorder is involved in the pathological process of neu-robehavioral changes in mice with depression-like behavior.Treadmill exercise reshapes the homeostasis of mitochondrial dynamics and alleviates depression-like behavior.This study provides a scientific reference for the clinical application of exercise therapy as an adjuvant therapy in the intervention of diseases associated with depression-like behavior.

Objective To investigate the frequency of staging behaviors involved in intimate partner homicide cases,as well as their correlation with the nature of death,medico-legal characteristics,and their correspondence with real causes of death.In order to improve the forensic understanding of staging behaviors in intimate partner homicide cases.Methods Using 100 investigated intimate homicides,forensic elements were statistically analyzed.The Chi square test was used to analyze the correlation between staging behavior and intimate partners,cause of death,injury weapons,time of death,degree of injury,resistance injury,postmortem intervals,and other specific elements and the occurrence of staging behavior.The corresponding partner between staging cause of death and real cause of death was clarified.Results Among the 100 intimate partner homicides,22 involved staging behaviors.Out of 10 cases of"staging"suicide,6 cases(60%)were attributed to staged causes of death.Among the 12"accidental"cases,there were 10 cases(83.33%)of staged causes of death.Staging manner of death appeared in 3 cases(30%)of"suicide"cases,and there was only one in"accidental"case(8.3%).The proportion of staged causes of death in strangulation cases was relatively high(35.71%,10/28).In cases with mild damage,the proportion of staging causes of death is higher(15/46).In cases without defense injuries,the proportion of staged causes of death was 23.19%(16/69).Among the true causes of death,strangulation in homicide was most commonly staged.Conclusion Different relationships of intimate partners did not affect the occurrence and distribution of staging behaviors.In cases involving staging behavior,the number of cases with staging as"accidental"nature of death is higher than that of"suicide"cases.The deaths with minor surface injuries such as strangulation and poisoning can be easily staging as suicide or accident.

Objective To investigate the frequency of staging behaviors involved in intimate partner homicide cases,as well as their correlation with the nature of death,medico-legal characteristics,and their correspondence with real causes of death.In order to improve the forensic understanding of staging behaviors in intimate partner homicide cases.Methods Using 100 investigated intimate homicides,forensic elements were statistically analyzed.The Chi square test was used to analyze the correlation between staging behavior and intimate partners,cause of death,injury weapons,time of death,degree of injury,resistance injury,postmortem intervals,and other specific elements and the occurrence of staging behavior.The corresponding partner between staging cause of death and real cause of death was clarified.Results Among the 100 intimate partner homicides,22 involved staging behaviors.Out of 10 cases of"staging"suicide,6 cases(60%)were attributed to staged causes of death.Among the 12"accidental"cases,there were 10 cases(83.33%)of staged causes of death.Staging manner of death appeared in 3 cases(30%)of"suicide"cases,and there was only one in"accidental"case(8.3%).The proportion of staged causes of death in strangulation cases was relatively high(35.71%,10/28).In cases with mild damage,the proportion of staging causes of death is higher(15/46).In cases without defense injuries,the proportion of staged causes of death was 23.19%(16/69).Among the true causes of death,strangulation in homicide was most commonly staged.Conclusion Different relationships of intimate partners did not affect the occurrence and distribution of staging behaviors.In cases involving staging behavior,the number of cases with staging as"accidental"nature of death is higher than that of"suicide"cases.The deaths with minor surface injuries such as strangulation and poisoning can be easily staging as suicide or accident.

Objective To genotype mixed samples with next generation sequencing and evaluate its prospects in forensic DNA application. Methods Three mixed biological samples from rapes cases and their reference samples were collected. DNA was extracted using the MagAttract M48 DNA Manual Kit(200). The ForenSeqTMDNA Signature Prep Kit was used for library preparation, and next generation sequencing was performed on the MiSeq FGx system. The ForenSeqTMUniversal Analysis v1.2.1 software was used for data analysis. NGS-based STR results were compared with CE-based genotypes. Results A single length polymorphic STR allele in the mixed profile could be recognized as two sequence polymorphic STR alleles from different donors, which would assist mixed profile analysis. Such phenomenon was observed in D3S1358, D9S1122 and D13S317 in this work. Conclusion Our results suggested that precision STR genotyping of mixed samples based on NGS can provide more information and hints for mixed STR profile separation.