Since the 20th century, organ transplantation has become a breakthrough technology to effectively save the lives of patients with end-stage organ failure, which has significantly enhanced the quality of life of patients. Organ donation is an important source of organ transplantation. Improving the quality of donor organ procurement is the key to promote the translation of donor organs and improve the prognosis of organ transplantation recipients. The United States, Spain and other countries have put forward a series of policies and standards in the quality management and control of donor organ procurement and achieved positive results. In this article, related concepts of medical quality management and control, advanced strategies and models of international donor organ procurement quality management, and quality control measures of Organ Procurement Organization, donors and donor organs were reviewed, aiming to provide reference for establishing a quality management and control system of donor organs with "Chinese characteristics" and advancing high-speed and high-quality development of donor organ procurement.

Renal fibrosis, especially tubulointerstitial fibrosis, is the most common pathway of all chronic kidney diseases progressing to end-stage renal diseases. Several adaptive reactions occur in renal tubular epithelial cells after chronic injury, such as changes in glycolipid metabolism, unfolded protein response, autophagy and senescence, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and G2/M cell cycle arrest. Maladaptive repair mechanisms can induce tubulointerstitial fibrosis. This article will discuss the molecular mechanism of these adaptive responses of renal tubular epithelial cells driving renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and provide a basis for exploring new drug targets for renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis.

Organ transplantation has been an important means of rescuing the lives of end-stage patients with organ failure. However, an acute shortage of donor organs has become a common dilemma for organ transplantation all over the world so as to seriously restrict the development of organ transplantation. Many foreign countries have established a relatively mature organ donation system to foster favorable conditions for alleviating a shortage of donor organs. This review summarized the global measures and current domestic efforts of facilitating organ donation to provide theoretical rationales for further optimizing organ donations and transplantation system in China.

The relevant clinical data were reviewed for a recipient of grade 4 portal vein thrombus undergoing reno-portal anastomosis liver transplantation on May 19, 2022. Liver function transaminase and bilirubin gradually normalized within 2 weeks after operation. An elevation of creatinine showed mild functional impairment at Day 5-7 post-operation and then recovered quickly. No portal vein thrombosis, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, ascites and other complications occurred within 2 years post-operation. The survival was excellent during 2-year follow-ups.

Rapid turnover of the intestinal epithelium is a critical strategy to balance the uptake of nutrients and defend against environmental insults, whereas inappropriate death promotes the spread of inflammation. PPARα is highly expressed in the small intestine and regulates the absorption of dietary lipids. However, as a key mediator of inflammation, the impact of intestinal PPARα signaling on cell death pathways is unknown. Here, we show that Pparα deficiency of intestinal epithelium up-regulates necroptosis signals, disrupts the gut vascular barrier, and promotes LPS translocation into the liver. Intestinal Pparα deficiency drives age-related hepatic steatosis and aggravates hepatic fibrosis induced by a high-fat plus high-sucrose diet (HFHS). PPARα levels correlate with TRIM38 and MLKL in the human ileum. Inhibition of PPARα up-regulates necroptosis signals in the intestinal organoids triggered by TNF-α and LPS stimuli via TRIM38/TRIF and CREB3L3/MLKL pathways. Butyric acid ameliorates hepatic steatosis induced by intestinal Pparα deficiency through the inhibition of necroptosis. Our data suggest that intestinal PPARα is essential for the maintenance of microenvironmental homeostasis and the spread of inflammation via the gut-liver axis.

The long-term survival and quality of life of liver transplant recipients largely depend on long-term health management and immunosuppression regimen after surgery. Long-term use of immunosuppressants may lead to severe complications, such as kidney injury, metabolic diseases and new malignant tumors, and even increase the risk of liver cancer recurrence after liver transplantation. At present, common immunosuppressive regimens in liver transplant recipients are delivered based on calcineurin inhibitor (CNI). However, renal toxicity, neurotoxicity and increased tumor recurrence caused by CNI have significantly affected clinical prognosis of the recipients. In recent years, the dosage of CNI has been gradually reduced and alternative drugs have been explored. Recently, the use of immunosuppressive regimens based on mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor (mTORi) has been gradually increased. Multiple domestic and international guidelines have provided guidance on the use of mTORi in liver transplant recipients. China Organ Transplantation Development Foundation organized experienced transplant experts in China, combined with published guidelines, consensus and research progress at home and abroad and solicited extensive opinions to jointly formulate this expert consensus, aiming to provide reference for liver transplant clinicians in China.

The human resource management of organ donation coordinators in China is still in its infancy stage, plagued by such problems as unclear career orientation, poor management and unclear career planning. In March 2010, a tertiary public hospital was approved as a medical institution in a national pilot province for organ donation. In recent years, the hospital had kept exploring human resource management of coordinators and established a relatively complete management mode for organ donation coordinators. This mode featured the establishment of full-time recruitment positions, development of human resource management plans, refinement of job descriptions, establishment of performance evaluation plans, optimization of assessment and incentive mechanisms, and innovation of talent cultivation modes. The management practice had achieved certain results, ensuring the sustainable development of hospital organ donation operation, and providing a reference for the scientific and standardized development of organ donation and transplantation in China.

Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a nuclear receptor activated by bile acid that is involved in regulating gene expression related to bile acid, fat, glucose, and amino acid metabolism. The activity of FXR is regulated by a variety of post-translational modifications. Common post-translational modifications of FXR include O-GlcNAcylation, phosphorylation, acetylation, sumoylation, methylation, etc. These post-translational modifications may affect FXR binding of DNA and ligand, heterodimerization, and subcellular localization, and may specifically regulate downstream gene transcription and expression. Different post-translational modifications can lead to changes in FXR stability and biological function, which are closely related to the occurrence of diseases. This paper aims to review the post-translational modification of FXR in the past five years and the mechanisms involved in disease regulation, to explore the effects of post-translational modification on the physiological function of FXR and to provide a theoretical basis for mechanism research targeting FXR.

Expanded standard donor liver is an important source of liver donors for liver transplantation. Because expanded standard donor liver is more likely to cause ischemia-reperfusion injury and is inferior in quality to standard donor liver, machine perfusion is more suitable for the preservation of expanded standard donor liver than cold preservation. Subnormothermic machine perfusion can not only avoid the impact of cold injury on donor organs, but also effectively reduce ischemia reperfusion injury. This article will review the research progress of subnormothermic machine perfusion of the liver in order to provide a clinical reference.

Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is an important kind of aldehyde dehydrogenase in mitochondria, which has the function of eliminating acetaldehyde and other toxic aldehydes substances. Furthermore, it is abundant in liver and is closely related to the occurrence and development of a variety of liver diseases. ALDH2 genetic polymorphisms plays an important role in the occurrence of a variety of liver diseases in the human population.This paper mainly reviews the research progress of ALDH2 in liver diseases in recent years, with a view to provide theoretical basis for clinical prevention and treatment.