The comparison between traditional Chinese medicine Jinzhen oral liquid (JZOL) and Western medicine in treating children with acute bronchitis (AB) showed encouraging outcomes. This trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of the JZOL for improving cough and expectoration in children with AB. 480 children were randomly assigned to take JZOL or ambroxol hydrochloride and clenbuterol hydrochloride oral solution for 7 days. The primary outcome was time-to-cough resolution. The median time-to-cough resolution in both groups was 5.0 days and the antitussive onset median time was only 1 day. This randomized controlled trial showed that JZOL was not inferior to cough suppressant and phlegm resolving western medicine in treating cough and sputum and could comprehensively treat respiratory and systemic discomfort symptoms. Combined with clinical trials, the mechanism of JZOL against AB was uncovered by network target analysis, it was found that the pathways in TRP channels like IL-1β/IL1R/TRPV1/TRPA1, NGF/TrkA/TRPV1/TRPA1, and PGE2/EP/PKA/TRPV1/TRPA1 might play important roles. Animal experiments further confirmed that inflammation and the immune regulatory effect of JZOL in the treatment of AB were of vital importance and TRP channels were the key mechanism of action.

The major challenges in drug therapy for prostate cancer are the ineffectiveness and resistance to androgen deprivation therapy, the low response to immunotherapy and the poor efficacy of small molecule targeted drugs. As a brand-new drug design concept, proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) reveals its strength in the field of cancer treatment by connecting the target protein to the ubiquitin-proteasome system and triggering the degradation of the target protein. In recent years, basic medical research on targeting androgen receptors, cell proliferation, and transcriptional regulation proteins for the treatment of prostate cancer has achieved significant progress. Meanwhile, clinical trials related to PROTAC for the treatment of prostate cancer are gradually being carried out. In an era of big data and precision medicine, PROTAC is a breakthrough in the field of prostate cancer drug therapy. This article summarizes the fundamental principles of PROTACs and the basic and clinical research advances in the field of prostate cancer treatment.

OBJECTIVES: To reduce the dimension of characteristic information extracted from pelvic CT images by using principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) methods. To establish a support vector machine (SVM) classification and identification model to identify if there is pelvic injury by the reduced dimension data and evaluate the feasibility of its application. METHODS: Eighty percent of 146 normal and injured pelvic CT images were randomly selected as training set for model fitting, and the remaining 20% was used as testing set to verify the accuracy of the test, respectively. Through CT image input, preprocessing, feature extraction, feature information dimension reduction, feature selection, parameter selection, model establishment and model comparison, a discriminative model of pelvic injury was established. RESULTS: The PLS dimension reduction method was better than the PCA method and the SVM model was better than the naive Bayesian classifier (NBC) model. The accuracy of the modeling set, leave-one-out cross validation and testing set of the SVM classification model based on 12 PLS factors was 100%, 100% and 93.33%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In the evaluation of pelvic injury, the pelvic injury data mining model based on CT images reaches high accuracy, which lays a foundation for automatic and rapid identification of pelvic injuries.
Algorithms ; Bayes Theorem ; Data Mining ; Least-Squares Analysis ; Support Vector Machine

Objective To investigate the relationship between C1773T polymorphism of LDL receptor gene (LDLR) and cerebral hemorrhage and the impact of C1773T polymorphism of LDLR on the levels of serum lipids in Chinese Han in Changsha, Hunan province. Methods Two hundred seventy-three cerebral hemorrhage patients and 140 normal controls were recruited in the present study. The C1773T polymorphism of LDLR was analyzed by SNaPshot and direct DNA sequencing. The triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were examined using oxidase method. Results The CC, CT and TT genotype frequencies of LDLR polymorphism were 0.703/0.278/0.019、0.707/0.250/0.043 and the allele C and T frequencies of LDLR polymorphism in the cerebral hemorrhage group and the control group were 0.842/0.158,0.832/0.168 respectively. The differences in genotype and allele frequencies of LDLR polymorphism were no significant between cerebral hemorrhage group and the control group (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in the levels of lipids among the CC, CT and TT genotype in either cerebral hemorrhage group or the control group (P＞0.05). Conclusions The LDLR-C1773T polymorphism may not be associated with cerebral hemorrhage nor be related to hyperlipemia in Chinese Han in Changsha.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the association between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) of KLK1 gene and cerebral hemorrhage in Changsha Han population. METHODS: We enrolled 273 patients with cerebral hemorrhage and 140 normal people. The SNPs (including rs3212855 and rs5515) of KLK1 gene were analyzed by Snapshot method and direct sequencing. RESULTS: We found rs5515 was not a polymorphic site in Changsha Han population. Genotype and allele frequency in rs3212855 were not different between patients with cerebral hemorrhage and the controls (P>0.05). The blood pressure level was not different between the genotype subgroups. CONCLUSION Neither rs5515 nor rs3212855 is associated with cerebral hemorrhage.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; genetics ; China ; ethnology ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Kallikreins ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; genetics ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the association of the tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member(TNFSF)4 gene polymorphisms rs3861950 and cerebral infaretion in Hunan area.Methods The frequencies of the genotypes of rs3861950 were detected utilizing real-time fluorescent PCR method based on TaqMan probe.Subiects examined were composed of 287 patients and 285 healthy individuals.Results There were significant differences in TNFSF4 gene rs3861950 C→T site polymorphism and allele frequency between the subjects and the controls,the distribution of CC genotype was significantly higher in the former (7.7%)than in the later(2.1%,X2=9.553,P=0.008),so was the frequencies of C allele(0.190 vs 0.137,X2=5.887,P=0.015).Moreover,there were significant differences in the distribution of genotype and the frequencies of allele between the subgroup of cerebral thrombosis and control group ( for the distribution of genotype X2=9.396 P=0.009,for the frequencies of allele X2=6.134,P=0.013).Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factor of CC genotype was 3.7 times higherthan others(P=0.002.OR 3.706).Conclusions TNFSF4 gene SNP rs3861950 is associated with cerebral infarction and C allele is considered to be one of independent risk factors in the Han population in Hunan Province.

Objective To investigate whether iron mass induces HO-1 overexpression and explore the role of HO-1 in rat intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH). Methods In this study,144 hydrated chloride aldehyde-anesthetized Sprague- Dawley rats were used,autologous blood were injected into the right caudate nucleus to establish the ICH model.Saline injection and health were served as controls.Deferoxamine(DFO)with an intraperitoneal injection served as intervention group.Enhanced Perl's reaction was used for iron staining and brain iron deposits were determined.Brain HO-1 level were examined by immunohistochemical analysis and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). Results There was a 21-fold increase in iron deposits around the hematoma 7 days after the infusion of 100 μl of autologous blood.Markedly increased levels of perihematomal HO-1 immunoreactivity and HO-1 mRNA in all ICH rats were detected at 3-14 days.The addition of DFO significantly reduced iron deposits in the ipsilateral basal ganglia at 7-14 days after ICH.DFO also inhibited HO-1 overexpression at day 7,14.Correlations test showed that there were positive correlations of iron sediments with HO-1mRNA(r=0.647)and HO-1 immunopositive cells(r=0.209). Conclusions ICH causes iron accumulation in the brain.Iron overloading may induce HO-1 upregulation after ICH.Ratherly,the HO-1 moderate increasing possibly fits with the events,whereas HO-1 overexpression may result in its dysfunction.It may be prudent to intervene ICH with HO-1 inhibitor.

OBJECTIVETo study the characteristic of the mutation of neurofilament-light (NF-L) gene in Chinese Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) patients.

METHODSMutation analysis of NF-L gene was made by use of polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphsim combined with DNA direct sequencing in 32 CMT probands from the Hans of five provinces in China who had been diagnosed by clinical feature and electromyography and/or biopsy of sural nerve.

RESULTSIn 32 CMT probands, only one sporadic case was found to display variant banding pattern, and this case was confirmed as 1329C to T (Tyr443Tyr) single nucleotide polymorphism by sequencing.

CONCLUSIONMutation of NF-L gene may be rare in Chinese CMT patients.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Base Sequence ; Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease ; genetics ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; DNA ; chemistry ; genetics ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Neurofilament Proteins ; genetics ; Point Mutation ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between G1025C (Try316Ser) polymorphism in exon 8 of apolipoprotein H (apoH) gene and stroke and to evaluate the effect of G1025C(Try316Ser) polymorphism on plasma lipid levels in Changsha Hans.

METHODSG1025C (Try316Ser) polymorphism in apoH gene was determined by PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism analysis and DNA sequencing in 100 healthy controls, 260 patients with stroke, and 20 stroke pedigrees. Serum antiphospholipid antibody (APA) levels were tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Plasma lipid levels were measured by routine methods.

RESULTSNo statistically significant differences were found in frequencies of genotypes and alleles of G1025C (Try316Ser) polymorphism between the controls and stroke patients. The serum levels of TG in the GC genotype of cerebral infarction patients and controls were markedly higher than those in GG genotype.

CONCLUSIONThere was no association betweenG1025C (Try316Ser) polymorphism and stroke in Changsha Hans. G1025C (Try316Ser) polymorphism was associated with plasma lipid metabolism in Changsha Hans.

Adult ; Aged ; Alleles ; Apolipoprotein A-I ; blood ; Apolipoprotein B-100 ; Apolipoproteins B ; blood ; Base Sequence ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; complications ; Cerebral Infarction ; complications ; China ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; DNA ; chemistry ; genetics ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Glycoproteins ; genetics ; Humans ; Lipids ; blood ; Lipoprotein(a) ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation, Missense ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ; Stroke ; blood ; etiology ; genetics ; Triglycerides ; blood ; beta 2-Glycoprotein I