ObjectiveTo review the interoceptive assessment tools in terms of structure, content and psychometric properties, based on the framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). MethodsThe literature on interoceptive evaluation tools was retrieved from databases of CNKI, PubMed, Medline and EBSCO. The principal structures and contents of the assessment tools were analyzed based on the ICF framework, and the quality of the psychometric properties were appraised using COSMIN. ResultsA total of 13 interoceptive assessment tools were ultimately included, involving 16 literature references. There were five interoceptive sensitivity tools, four accuracy tools and four awareness tools. In terms of content, interoceptive sensitivity tools involved 33 categories of body functions, six categories of activities and participation, and one of environmental factors; while interoceptive accuracy tools only involved seven categories of body function, and two of activities and participation items; interoceptive awareness tools involved 30 categories of body function, four categories of activities and participation, and three of environmental factors. In terms of psychometric properties, Body Perception Questionnaire-Short Form (BPQ-SF) was the sensitivity tool with the best reliability and validity (qualified rate of 7/8), followed by Interoceptive Sensitivity Questionnaire (ISQ) (qualified rate of 6/8). Most of the accuracy tools adopted standardized measurement methods, but lacked sufficient reliability and validity verification. The awareness tools were good in reliability and validity (qualified rate above 5/8), especially Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA-1) and Body Awareness Questionnaire (BAQ) (qualified rate of 8/8). ConclusionBPQ-SF and ISQ are recommended for interoceptive sensitivity assessment, Water-loading Test and Heart-beat Tracking Task for interoceptive accuracy assessment, and MAIA-1 and BAQ for interoceptive awareness assessment.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGID)in soldiers stationed on an island based on the Rome IV diagnostic criteria,so as to clarify the incidence and types of FGID and their correlations with the age and psychological status of soldiers.Methods The prevalence of FGID was investigated from September to November 2022 by FGID Questionnaire Survey Platform Management System based on the Rome IV diagnostic criteria.Results A total of 397 soldiers stationed on an island were enrolled in this study.The most common digestive symptoms were diarrhea,belching and constipation.A total of 147 people(37.0%)met the Rome Ⅳ diagnosis of FGID,and common diseases were functional diarrhea,epigastric pain syndrome and postprandial discomfort syndrome.Among the various diagnoses of FGID,the prevalence rates of globus hystericus,functional chest pain and belching syndrome showed statistically significant differences across different age groups(all P<0.001).Among the 324 subjects with no abnormal SDS scores,61.4%(199/324)did not meet the diagnosis of FGID.Among the 71 subjects with SDS scores ranging from 53 to 62,71.8%(51/71)did not meet the diagnosis of FGID.All subjects with SDS scores ranging from 63 to 72 met the diagnosis of FGID.Conclusion Functional diarrhea is the most common disease of FGID among soldiers stationed on the island.The overall prevalence of FGID is not related to the age of the subjects.Relevant drugs and psychological support treatment should be strengthened in the future allocation of health service resources on islands.

Objective To investigate the association of estimated glucose disposal rate(eGDR)with metabolic dysfunction-associated liver steatosis and fibrosis,and to analyze the difference of the association in different population.Methods A total of 10,549 participants from 2017 to 2020 in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES)database who underwent vibration-controlled transient elastography(VCTE)were included.eGDR was calculated based on waist circ-umference,hypertension,and glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c).The controlled attenuation parameter(CAP)≥248 dB/m was used as diagnostic criterion for liver steatosis,and liver stiffness measure-ment(LSM)≥ 8.2 kPa was used as criterion for liver fibrosis.Multivariable Logistic regression a-nalysis was conducted to assess the relationship between eGDR and liver steatosis and fibrosis,with subgroup analysis and interaction tests performed.Results After adjusting for confounding factors,eGDR level was significantly negatively associated with the risks of both liver steatosis and fibrosis.The participants were divided into tertiles based on eGDR levels(Q1,Q2,Q3).Compared with the Q1 group,the risk ratios for liver steatosis in the Q2 and Q3 groups were 0.485(95％CI,0.394 to 0.597)and 0.286(95％CI,0.239 to 0.343),respectively(P＜0.001);the risk ratios for liver fibrosis were 0.457(95％CI,0.363 to 0.576)and 0.162(95％CI,0.100 to 0.263),respective-ly(P＜0.001).Subgroup analysis showed that the negative association between eGDR and liver steatosis differed among populations of different ages and smoking statuses,with statistically signifi-cant differences in interaction tests(P for interaction＜0.001);similarly,the negative association between eGDR and liver fibrosis differed among populations with different levels of physical activity,with statistically significant differences in interaction tests(P for interaction＜0.001).The associa-tions of eGDR levels with liver steatosis and fibrosis remained stable(P for interaction＞0.05).Conclusion eGDR levels are closely associated with the risks of liver steatosis and fibrosis and can serve as an effective indicator for assessing liver metabolic abnormalities.This finding provides new insights into early screening,risk stratification,and prognosis assessment for liver steatosis and fibrosis.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of subsequent radiotherapy (RT) following first-line treatment with durvalumab plus chemotherapy in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). METHODS: A total of 122 patients with ES-SCLC from three hospitals during July 2019 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) analysis was performed to address potential confounding factors. The primary focus of our evaluation was to assess the impact of RT on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS: After IPTW analysis, 49 patients received durvalumab plus platinum-etoposide (EP) chemotherapy followed by RT (Durva + EP + RT) and 72 patients received immunochemotherapy (Durva + EP). The median OS was 17.2 months vs . 12.3 months (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.17-0.85, P = 0.020), and the median PFS was 8.9 months vs . 5.9 months (HR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.32-0.97, P = 0.030) in Durva + EP + RT and Durva + EP groups, respectively. Thoracic radiation therapy (TRT) resulted in longer OS (17.2 months vs . 14.7 months) and PFS (9.1 months vs . 7.2 months) compared to RT directed to other metastatic sites. Among patients with oligo-metastasis, RT also showed significant benefits, with a median OS of 17.4 months vs . 13.7 months and median PFS of 9.8 months vs . 5.9 months compared to no RT. Continuous durvalumab treatment beyond progression (TBP) prolonged OS compared to patients without TBP, in both the Durva + EP + RT (NA vs . 15.8 months, HR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.14-1.63, P = 0.238) and Durva + EP groups (12.3 months vs . 4.3 months, HR: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.10-0.81, P = 0.018). Grade 3 or 4 adverse events occurred in 13 (26.5%) and 13 (18.1%) patients, respectively, in the two groups; pneumonitis was mostly low-grade. CONCLUSION Addition of RT after first-line immunochemotherapy significantly improved survival outcomes with manageable toxicity in ES-SCLC.
Humans ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/therapy* ; Retrospective Studies ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Lung Neoplasms/therapy* ; Aged ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use* ; Adult ; Immunotherapy/methods* ; Aged, 80 and over

Objective To preliminarily describe the current situation of chronic disease drug continuity between community hospitals and the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University in the medical alliance,to explore the key points for further improving the connection between upper and lower-level hospitals in the medical alliance,and to improve the drug supply guarantee and the ability of pharmaceutical services of primary medical institutions.Methods The nine community hospitals within the medical alliance centered on the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University were taken as the research subjects to investigate the medication continuity between the community hospitals and the core hospital in terms of cardiovascular diseases,diabetes,and respiratory system diseases before and after the medical alliance.Results Before the integration of medical alliances,the drug linkage rate for cardiovascular diseases,diabetes,and respiratory system diseases in community hospitals and core hospitals was relatively low.After the integration of medical alliances,the average drug linkage rate for the three chronic diseases significantly increased,all exceeding 60%.At the same time,the drug catalog in community hospitals was streamlined,reducing the phenomenon of one drug having multiple specifications.There is a significant difference in the number of drug varieties provided by different community hospitals for the three chronic diseases.Conclusion The medical alliance with the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University as the core promotes the up-down linkage of drug treatment in community hospitals,simplifies the drug catalog of primary medical structure,and facilitates the treatment and prescription of chronic patients.

Objective To compile a comprehension assessment scale of double-conditional phrases for adults and to test its reliability and validity.Methods With reference to the compilation process of local and international word lists,a comprehension assessment scale of double-conditional phrases for adults was developed.The scale was used to assess 40 aphasia patients and 20 ordinary adults as subjects from four hospitals in Shanghai.The internal consistency reliability,split-half reliability,retest reliability and calibration validity of the scale were evaluated and analyzed[the western aphasia battery(WAB)as a calibrated measurcment instrument].Results The scale consists of 30 questions,including five types of phrases:coordinate phrases,verb-object phrases,subject-predicate phrases,endocentric phrases and interface-object phrases.Compared with the ordinary adult group,the total score of the scale and the scores of each dimension in the aphasia group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.001).The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the total score was 0.894,the half coefficient was 0.924,and the correlation coefficient for the retest reliability of the total score was 0.923,with retest reliability for each type of word group ranging from 0.731 to 0.903.With the exception of the repetition scores,correlation coefficients be-tween the scale and all other scores of WAB were all＞0.6(P＜0.01).Conclusion The self-developed"Adult Double Conditional Phrases Auditory Comprehension Assessment Scale"demonstrates good reliability and validity.It serves as a scientific and reliable tool for evaluating the auditory comprehension ability of adult patients.

Objective To compile a comprehension assessment scale of double-conditional phrases for adults and to test its reliability and validity.Methods With reference to the compilation process of local and international word lists,a comprehension assessment scale of double-conditional phrases for adults was developed.The scale was used to assess 40 aphasia patients and 20 ordinary adults as subjects from four hospitals in Shanghai.The internal consistency reliability,split-half reliability,retest reliability and calibration validity of the scale were evaluated and analyzed[the western aphasia battery(WAB)as a calibrated measurcment instrument].Results The scale consists of 30 questions,including five types of phrases:coordinate phrases,verb-object phrases,subject-predicate phrases,endocentric phrases and interface-object phrases.Compared with the ordinary adult group,the total score of the scale and the scores of each dimension in the aphasia group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.001).The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the total score was 0.894,the half coefficient was 0.924,and the correlation coefficient for the retest reliability of the total score was 0.923,with retest reliability for each type of word group ranging from 0.731 to 0.903.With the exception of the repetition scores,correlation coefficients be-tween the scale and all other scores of WAB were all＞0.6(P＜0.01).Conclusion The self-developed"Adult Double Conditional Phrases Auditory Comprehension Assessment Scale"demonstrates good reliability and validity.It serves as a scientific and reliable tool for evaluating the auditory comprehension ability of adult patients.

Purpose Based on the WHO(5th edition)classification of cervical adenocarcinoma and Silva infiltra-tion pattern classification,this study explores the value of etiological classification and Silva classification in the clinical treatment and prognosis prediction of cervical adenocarcinoma.Methods The clinical and pathological features of 112 cases of cervical invasive adenocarcinoma were reviewed.Through HE morphological classification,immunohistochemi-cal detection,and Silva classification of infiltration pattern,the related factors and prognosis of patients were statistical-ly analyzed.Results The median age of 112 patients was 46.5 years(30-80 years),with a maximum tumor diame-ter of 0.35-9.0 cm and an average diameter of 3.2 cm.Most patients showed vaginal bleeding after sexual inter-course.89 cases were HPV-associated adenocarcinoma(HPVAs),18 cases were non HPV-associated adenocarcinoma(NHPVAs).There were 5 cases of other types of adenocarcinomas of the uterine cervix,including 4 cases of endome-trial adenocarcinoma and 1 case of serous adenocarcinoma.There were 5 cases(4.5％)of Silva A pattern,30 cases(26.8％)of Silva B pattern,and 77 cases(68.7％)of Silva C pattern.112 cases were followed up for a median time of 34 months(15-78 months),with 16 deaths and 20 metastases.The progression-free survival(PFS)(P＜0.001)and overall survival(OS)(P=0.001)in the NHPVA group were significantly lower than those in the HPVA group.All cases with Silva A and Silva B pattern had a favorable prognosis and survived without tumor.Of the cases with Silva C pattern,16 died after recurrence.The PFS and OS of patients with Silva C type were lower than those of Silva A type and B type(P＜0.05).Conclusion The fifth edition of WHO classification of cervical adenocarcinoma revealed the correlation between etiology and morphology.Silva classification is of great significance for accurately predicting progno-sis and guiding treatment.

Patients with specific language impairment(SLI)have normal intelligence but experience difficul-ties in language comprehension and expression.At present,the cause of the disease has not been determined,and only a few potential causes are being discussed,among which the relationship between auditory processing abilities and language problems of this group has attracted much attentions.An increasing number of studies employ electro-physiological techniques to investigate the auditory processing abilities of SLI patients,accumulating substantial evi-dence.Therefore,this study reviewed empirical research on the auditory processing abilities of SLI patients from the perspectives of auditory brainstem response,middle-latency response,and long-latency response.It aims to eluci-date the characteristics of auditory processing in SLI patients,analyze its relationship with language disorders,and offer insights into the diagnosis and treatment of SLI patients.

Objective To analyze the occurrence and clinical characteristics of bleeding adverse reactions induced by apixaban,and to provide reference for clinical therapy.Methods From the marking of apixaban to May 2024,cases of adverse reactions to hemorrhage caused by apixaban were searched in the database of CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,PubMed and Web of Science.Statistical analysis was performed on the collected data.Results A total of thirty-nine cases of hemorrhagic adverse reactions induced by apixaban were documented.Therewere thirty-three patients(84.62%)over 60 years old.Twenty-two patients had bleeding within 30 days of treatment(56.41%).Intracranial hemorrhage occurred in nine patients(23.08%).Twenty-two patients improved after conventional treatment(56.41%).Twenty-three patients(58.97%)stopped bleeding within 30 days,and two patients(5.13%)died,all of whom died within 1 month after taking apixaban.Conclusions Physician and pharmacists should pay close attention to the adverse reactions of hemorrhage caused by apixaban,and do a good job in drug monitoring and patient education to ensure the safety of clinical medication.