BACKGROUND:Shaker exercise can enhance the contraction force of the hyoid muscles,which is effective in the treatment of oropharyngeal dysphagia.Shaker exercise should be performed through the main force of the anterior cervical region to train the hyoid muscles.However,patients often experience physical fatigue,leading to compensatory abdominal force exertion.Moreover,the effect of different forms of shaker exercises on the activation of the hyoid muscles in healthy adults is currently unknown.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of shaker exercises with varying force on the activation of the hyoid muscles in healthy adults.METHODS:Twenty healthy adults,including 10 males and 10 females with a mean age of(26.8±3.4)years were recruited as participants for the study.They performed isometric movements of the shaker exercise in the anterior neck and abdominal force modes in sequence.Simultaneously,real-time surface electromyography data were collected from the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles and rectus abdominis muscle.At the end of the experiment,participants were asked to rate the physical exertion levels for each type of force using the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale at the end of the training.Following a series of processing of the original electromyography signals,the peak amplitude and/or average amplitude values of the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles and rectus abdominis in the 60-second movement window were calculated and compared,and the differences in the subjective fatigue scores corresponding to the two force modes were compared.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The average amplitude of the rectus abdominis muscle in the abdominal force mode was found to be higher than that in the neck force mode(P<0.05).However,there were no significant differences in the mean and peak amplitudes between the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles in the two force modes(P>0.05).There was also no significant difference in the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale scores in the two force modes(P>0.05).These findings suggest that shaker exercises with different force modes(anterior neck and abdomen)have minimal impact on the hyoid muscles and similar feeling of fatigue in healthy adults.

BACKGROUND:Shaker exercise can enhance the contraction force of the hyoid muscles,which is effective in the treatment of oropharyngeal dysphagia.Shaker exercise should be performed through the main force of the anterior cervical region to train the hyoid muscles.However,patients often experience physical fatigue,leading to compensatory abdominal force exertion.Moreover,the effect of different forms of shaker exercises on the activation of the hyoid muscles in healthy adults is currently unknown.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of shaker exercises with varying force on the activation of the hyoid muscles in healthy adults.METHODS:Twenty healthy adults,including 10 males and 10 females with a mean age of(26.8±3.4)years were recruited as participants for the study.They performed isometric movements of the shaker exercise in the anterior neck and abdominal force modes in sequence.Simultaneously,real-time surface electromyography data were collected from the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles and rectus abdominis muscle.At the end of the experiment,participants were asked to rate the physical exertion levels for each type of force using the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale at the end of the training.Following a series of processing of the original electromyography signals,the peak amplitude and/or average amplitude values of the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles and rectus abdominis in the 60-second movement window were calculated and compared,and the differences in the subjective fatigue scores corresponding to the two force modes were compared.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The average amplitude of the rectus abdominis muscle in the abdominal force mode was found to be higher than that in the neck force mode(P<0.05).However,there were no significant differences in the mean and peak amplitudes between the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles in the two force modes(P>0.05).There was also no significant difference in the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale scores in the two force modes(P>0.05).These findings suggest that shaker exercises with different force modes(anterior neck and abdomen)have minimal impact on the hyoid muscles and similar feeling of fatigue in healthy adults.

Objective To observe the relationship between injury of corticospinal cord tract (CST) in basal ganglia and upper limb func-tion after stroke using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Methods 18 stroke inpatients hospitalized from January, 2013 to July, 2015 accepted DTI, and their upper limb function was evaluated with simple Fugl-Meyer Assessment and Japan Upper Limb Function Test. The fractional anisotropy (FA) of CST in basal ganglia of affected and unaffected sides were compared, and the correlation between FA of affected CST and upper limb motor function were analyzed. Results The FA was significantly less in the affected CST than in the unaffected CST (t=-21.09, P<0.001). The FA of the affected CST correlated with the scores of simple Fugl-Meyer Assessment (r=0.570, P<0.05) and Japan Upper Limb Function Test (r=0.509, P<0.05). Conclusion CST is injured after stroke, which may related to the upper limbs motor function impairment.

Objective To assess the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on motor and ambulatory function in incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. Methods 18 incomplete SCI patients (AIS D) were randomized to treatment group (n=10) and control group (n=8). The treatment group received rTMS while the control group received sham stimulation for 2 weeks. All the patients received routine rehabilitation. They were assessed with Lower Extremity Motor Score (LEMS), 10 m Walking Test for Walking Speed, modified Ashworth scale (MAS), Walking Index for SCI Scale II(WISCI II), and Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM) before and after treatment, and followed up for 2 weeks after treatment. Results The treatment group significantly improved in LEMS, walking speed, and SCIM after treatment and during follow up (P<0.05), while the control group improved only in SCIM (P<0.05). There was more significant improvement in LEMS in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05) after treantment and during follow up. There was no difference between two groups in MAS, walking speed, WISCI II and SCIM. Conclusion rTMS can further improve the motor of lowere limbs for incomplete SCI patients.

ObjectiveTo investigate the cause and characteristics of sports-related spinal cord injury. MethodsAll 38 sports-related spinal cord injury patients admitted in China Rehabilitation Research Center were analyzed retrospectively. Results84.2% （32/38） were male, mean of age was 23.4 (5～58). Diving was the most cause to sports-related spinal cord injury (27/38). Except 2 patients with no fracture and 1 with lumbar fracture, other patients were all with the cervical fractures, in which 57.9% were burst fractures, 18.4% were fracture and dislocations. 47.2% were complete spinal cord injury, 58.2% were incomplete. As for their professions, 10.5% were athletes, 31.6% were students. ConclusionSports-related spinal cord injury can happen in athletes and others, most of them are younger, disability of different degree remains. It is important to prevent sports-related spinal cord injury.