Cancer is the result of evolving crosstalk between neoplastic cell and its immune microenvironment. In recent years, immune therapeutics targeting T lymphocytes, such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and CAR-T, have made significant progress in cancer treatment and validated targeting immune cells as a promising approach to fight human cancers. However, responsiveness to the current immune therapeutic agents is limited to only a small proportion of solid cancer patients. As major components of most solid tumors, myeloid cells played critical roles in regulating the initiation and sustentation of adaptive immunity, thus determining tumor progression as well as therapeutic responses. In this review, we discuss emerging data on the diverse functions of myeloid cells in tumor progression through their direct effects or interactions with other immune cells. We explain how different metabolic reprogramming impacts the characteristics and functions of tumor myeloid cells, and discuss recent progress in revealing different mechanisms-chemotaxis, proliferation, survival, and alternative sources-involved in the infiltration and accumulation of myeloid cells within tumors. Further understanding of the function and regulation of myeloid cells is important for the development of novel strategies for therapeutic exploitation in cancer.
Humans ; Tumor Microenvironment/immunology* ; Myeloid Cells/immunology* ; Neoplasms/therapy* ; Animals

The " no-accompany" service is an important measure to meet the patients′ needs for comprehensive, continuous, and high-quality diversified care and to enhance their medical experience. Starting in March 2024, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine launched a pilot " no-accompany" service in the breast surgery and dermatology wards. The hospital established a working team led by the nursing department and involving multiple administrative departments such as the medical affairs department, medical insurance office, and logistics management department. And the hospital has successfully advanced the implementation of the " no-accompany" ward program by establishing a multi-department collaborative management mechanism, standardizing the management of medical caregivers, developing a tiered fee scheme for the " no-accompany" service, and improving relevant service measures. The acceptance of the " no-accompany" service by patients increased from (3.93±0.83) in the second quarter of 2024 to (4.69±0.59) in the fourth quarter, and overall satisfaction rose from (4.18±0.73) to (4.50±0.54) (all P<0.001). The job competency of medical caregivers also improved significantly from (64.80±3.49) before starting work in March 2024 to (94.00±2.40) in the fourth quarter ( P<0.001). These findings provide a reference for the implementation of " no-accompany" services in public hospitals.

Objective To investigate the current status and barriers to implementing non-accompanied care services in medical institutions in Zhejiang Province,and to provide a basis for the improvement of standardized management of such services.Methods A self-designed questionnaire was conducted from September to October 2024 among all secondary and tertiary medical institutions in Zhejiang Province to assess the implementation status and barriers to non-accompanied care services.Results A total of 397 questionnaires were distributed,with 389 valid responses,yielding a valid response rate of 97.98％.Non-accompanied care services were implemented in 118 institutions(30.33％).Among these,90 institutions(76.27％)had established management systems for non-accompanied wards;71 institutions(60.17％)had a medical nursing assistant-to-bed ratio lower than 1∶5;41 institu-tions(34.75％)provided tiered training for medical nursing assistants;93 institutions(78.81％)required patients to bear the full cost of the service.Compared with secondary medical institutions,tertiary medical institutions have more complete management system for non-accompanied care services.The main obstacles hindering the development of non-accompanied care services include an imperfect management system for non-accompanied wards,a shortage of medical nursing assistants,a lack of standardized training for such assistants,inconsistent charging standards,and low acceptance among patients and their families.Conclusion The promotion of non-accompanied care services in medical institutions in Zhejiang Province has achieved initial success.However,challenges persist,including incomplete management systems,uneven development across hospital tiers,and imperfect charging mechanisms.It is recommended that relevant authorities strengthen policy support,enhance standardized training for healthcare nursing assistants,refine cost-sharing mechanisms,and improve the quality and sustainability of non-accompanied care services through multi-party collaboration.

Objective To investigate the current status and barriers to implementing non-accompanied care services in medical institutions in Zhejiang Province,and to provide a basis for the improvement of standardized management of such services.Methods A self-designed questionnaire was conducted from September to October 2024 among all secondary and tertiary medical institutions in Zhejiang Province to assess the implementation status and barriers to non-accompanied care services.Results A total of 397 questionnaires were distributed,with 389 valid responses,yielding a valid response rate of 97.98％.Non-accompanied care services were implemented in 118 institutions(30.33％).Among these,90 institutions(76.27％)had established management systems for non-accompanied wards;71 institutions(60.17％)had a medical nursing assistant-to-bed ratio lower than 1∶5;41 institu-tions(34.75％)provided tiered training for medical nursing assistants;93 institutions(78.81％)required patients to bear the full cost of the service.Compared with secondary medical institutions,tertiary medical institutions have more complete management system for non-accompanied care services.The main obstacles hindering the development of non-accompanied care services include an imperfect management system for non-accompanied wards,a shortage of medical nursing assistants,a lack of standardized training for such assistants,inconsistent charging standards,and low acceptance among patients and their families.Conclusion The promotion of non-accompanied care services in medical institutions in Zhejiang Province has achieved initial success.However,challenges persist,including incomplete management systems,uneven development across hospital tiers,and imperfect charging mechanisms.It is recommended that relevant authorities strengthen policy support,enhance standardized training for healthcare nursing assistants,refine cost-sharing mechanisms,and improve the quality and sustainability of non-accompanied care services through multi-party collaboration.

The " no-accompany" service is an important measure to meet the patients′ needs for comprehensive, continuous, and high-quality diversified care and to enhance their medical experience. Starting in March 2024, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine launched a pilot " no-accompany" service in the breast surgery and dermatology wards. The hospital established a working team led by the nursing department and involving multiple administrative departments such as the medical affairs department, medical insurance office, and logistics management department. And the hospital has successfully advanced the implementation of the " no-accompany" ward program by establishing a multi-department collaborative management mechanism, standardizing the management of medical caregivers, developing a tiered fee scheme for the " no-accompany" service, and improving relevant service measures. The acceptance of the " no-accompany" service by patients increased from (3.93±0.83) in the second quarter of 2024 to (4.69±0.59) in the fourth quarter, and overall satisfaction rose from (4.18±0.73) to (4.50±0.54) (all P<0.001). The job competency of medical caregivers also improved significantly from (64.80±3.49) before starting work in March 2024 to (94.00±2.40) in the fourth quarter ( P<0.001). These findings provide a reference for the implementation of " no-accompany" services in public hospitals.

Objective To observe the influence of different tilt positions for laparoscopic hysterectomy on intraocular pressure and patients’ postoperative comfort.Methods Totals of 80 patients with laparoscopic surgery with grade-I anesthesia ( American Society of Anesthesiologists, ASA) were chosen and divided into group A(15°T) and group B (30°T) by using the random table methods, with 40 cases in each.Intraocular pressure of patients at baseline ( T0 ) , 30 minutes ( T1 ) and 60 minutes ( T2 ) of pneumoperitoneum and after changing the position, and 10 minutes after pneumoperitoneum were monitored.The follow-up of the patients was within 24 hours asking the comfort of them.Results The intraocular pressure of patients at T1 and T2 in group A were (18.16 ±2.16) and (19.60 ±2.18) mmHg, which were significantly lower than group B [(19.21 ± 2.17) and (20.87 ±2.17) mmHg] (t =2.168 9, 2.611 3, respectively;P <0.05).The incidences of postoperative ocular discomfort and back pain in group A were 2.5% and 7.5%, respectively, which were significantly lower than group B (20.0%, 25.0%) (χ2 =4.507 5, 4.500 6, respectively;P<0.05).The incidences of nausea, vomiting, and leg pain had no significant differences (χ2 =0.238 1, 0.000 0, respectively;P>0.05).Conclusions 15°head-down position laparoscopic surgery has less effect on the patient’ s intraocular pressure than 30°head-down position laparoscopic surgery, besides, patients have more comfort.

ObjectiveTo investigate the colonoscopic manifestations, the prevalence and natural history of vascular malformation (VM) in elderly patients .MethodsTotally 2917 elderly patients were examined by colonoscopy and the colonoscopic apperances and prevalence were studied. A 3 years follow-up for VM patients was carried to assess bleeding risk. ResultsPrevalence in elderly group was 2.4%, while 0.8% for the non-elderly(P

Objective To report on the clinical presentations of patients with colonic angiodysplasia and the results of electrocoagulation under the guide of colonoscopy. Methods Study on the clinical and endoscopic manifestation of patient with colonic angiodysplasia and follow-up study for the risk of bleeding in asymptomatic AD and in those after electrocoagulation. Results Totally 10 200 cases were involved in colonoscopy, among them 126(1. 24%) cases of CAD were found. Prevalence rate in asymptomatic group was 0. 89%, in bleeding group 2. 62%, and in nonbleeding group 0. 82%. In 9 asymptomatic AD cases no bleeding occurred in a period of 3-year follow-up. However, most of the bleeding AD patients have bleeding relapsed within 3 years. The curative effect of electrocoagulation during 1 year is significant the relapse rate of bleeding, 18% as compared to 54% in patients with bleeding without electrocoagilation P

Objective:To study of immuno-intervention with prostaglandin E2(PGE_2) on tumor necrsis factor(TNF-?),interleukin 10(IL-10),SOD and NO in rats attacked by vibrio vulnificus.Methods:27 normal rats and 27 hepatopathy rats,they were divided into Vv attacked group,ofloxacin treatment group and combined PGE_2 with ofloxacin protect group(n=9).Results:The result of cytokines detection showed that serum IL-10 and SOD level of combined PGE_2 with ofloxacin protect group was significantly higher than that of ofloxacin treatment group,however,TNF-? and NO level of PGE_2 immuno-protect group were significantly lower than those of ofloxacin treatment group(P