Objective To determine the material basis of the antioxidant activity of Mori Folium by examining the spec-trum-effect relationship.Methods High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was utilized to establish the fingerprints of Mori Folium.The antioxidant activity of Mori Folium was assessed using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)radical scavenging assay and other related indicators.The spectrum-effect relationship of antioxidation was analyzed using gray relational analysis,bivariate correlation analysis,and partial least squares regression analysis.Molecular docking techniques were employed to predict potential interaction targets.Results HPLC fingerprints for 13 batches of Mori Folium were established,and thirteen common peaks were marked,with similarities ranging from 0.932 to 0.998.Nine common peaks were identified by comparing them to reference substances.Differences in antioxidant activity were observed among the different batches of Mori Folium.Based on the analysis of the spectrum-effect relationship,chemical components such as chlorogenic acid,cryptochlorogenic acid,rutin,and iso-chlorogenic acid B were found to contribute significantly to the antioxidant activity.These components may exert their effects by binding to several antioxidant protein targets,such as XOD,NO-1,and PPAR-α.This implies that Mori Folium might exert its an-tioxidant action via multiple components and targets.Conclusions By integrating the fingerprint and antioxidant activity of Mori Folium,the contributions of individual components to its antioxidant activity were determined.This study provides an experi-mental basis for elucidating the substances responsible for the antioxidant activity of Mori Folium and for establishing quality con-trol methods.

Objective:To analyze the status of registration of clinical trials of radiopharmaceuticals in China, and to provide reference for the development and clinical application of radiopharmaceuticals.Methods:By searching the clinical trial registration and information disclosure platform of the Center for Drug Evaluation of the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), the data on clinical trials of radiopharmaceuticals registered from 2014 to 2024 were collected and analyzed for trial design, administered dose, common indications, and geographical distribution.Results:A total of 77 clinical trials were included. The Compound Annual Growth Rate for the number of projects from 2014 to 2024 was 40%. Diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals were predominantly based on 18F and 99Tc m, while therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals primarily utilized 177Lu and 90Y. All indications were concentrated in the field of oncology. Regarding trial design, non-randomized (71.4%), open-label (89.6%), and single-arm (66.2%) trials accounted for the highest proportions. Geographical distribution showed Beijing (29 trials), Shanghai (18 trials), and Jiangsu province (14 trials) as the regions with the highest concentration of clinical trials. Conclusions:Radiopharmaceutical clinical trials in China have shown rapid growth. However, research remains predominantly focused on oncology, with a relatively high proportion of early-stage trials. In order to fully utilize the potentials of radiopharmaceuticals and improve the quality of clinical trials, nuclear medicine researches should broaden therapeutic applications, implement prudently administerd dose in clinical trials, and implement optimized radiation protection procedures across all clinical trial centers.

Objective:To investigate the effects and molecular mechanisms of Wilms tumor 1-associated proteins(WTAP)on the cell biological properties of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)cells.Methods:31 pairs of ESCC tissues and their paired paracancerous tissues that were surgically resected at the Second Clinical Medical College of Chuanbei Medical College between September 2019 and April 2021 were collected.The esophageal cancer cells KYSE30,KYSE410,KYSE150,KYSE510,TE-1,and normal human esophageal epithelial cells HET-1A were routinely cultured.Transfection reagents were used to transfect si-NC,si-WTAP#1 and si-WTAP#2 nucleic acids into KYSE150 and KYSE510 cells.The cells were divided into si-NC,si-WTAP#1 and si-WTAP#2 groups.The expressions of WTAP and MAP3K9 mRNA were detected in the cells of each group by qPCR assay.CCK-8 assay,clone formation assay,and scratch healing assay,Transwell assay were employed to detect the effects of knockdown of WTAP expression on ESCC cell proliferation,migration,invasion and apoptosis.WB assay was used to detect the expressions of WTAP,MAP3K9,EMT and MAPK pathway-related proteins in ESCC cells of each group knocked down of WTAP;immunohistochemistry to detect the expression of WTAP proteins in ESCC tissues,immunoprecipitation of methylated RNA(MeRIP)-qPCR assay to detect the level of MAP3K9 m6A in ESCC cells,actinomycin D assay to detect the stability of mRNA of MAP3K9,and database data to analyze the expression,target genes,functional enrichment,and interacting RNA of WTAP.Results:WTAP was highly expressed in ESCC tissues and cells(P<0.05 or P<0.01 or P<0.001)and correlated with the degree of differentiation(P<0.01);the expression of WTAP mRNA and its protein were successfully knocked down in KYSE150 and KYSE510 cells(P<0.01 or P<0.001);the knockdown of WTAP significantly inhibited the proliferation,migration and invasion of KYSE150 and KYSE510 cells(P<0.05 or P<0.01 or P<0.001),and promoted the apoptosis of KYSE150 and KYSE510 cells(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Knockdown of WTAP resulted in a significant decrease in the m6A level of MAP3K9(P<0.05),and its mRNA expression level and mRNA stability were both significantly reduced(P<0.05).Database data analysis showed that WTAP target genes clustered in the MAPK signaling pathway;the expression levels of MAP3K9,p-ERK,N-cadherin,and MMP9 were significantly reduced(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the expression level of E-cadherin was significantly elevated(P<0.05 or P<0.01)in the KYSE150 and KYSE510 cells after knockdown of WTAP.Conclusions:WTAP is highly expressed in ESCC tissues and cells and correlates with their differentiation.It promotes the stability of MAP3K9 mRNA through m6A modification,activates the MAPK pathway and thus promotes the malignant biological behaviors of ESCC cells.

Objective:To identify the risk factors for acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) undergoing haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HID-HSCT) .Methods:A total of 141 AML patients who underwent HID-HSCT at the Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, from January 2020 to July 2021 were included. The cumulative incidence of aGVHD was analyzed using the Fine-Gray competing risk model, with relapse and death as competing events, to compare differences between groups. Potential risk factors were evaluated by univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analyses to determine their independent effects on aGVHD.Results:Among the 141 patients, 86 (61.0%) were male and 55 (39.0%) were female, with a median age at transplantation of 34 years. Within 100 days post-transplant, 59 patients developed grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ aGVHD, whereas 86 patients experienced no or grade Ⅰ aGVHD (the grade 0-Ⅰ aGVHD group) . Survival analysis showed that the 3-year overall survival was 68.7% (95% CI: 57.7%-81.9%) in the grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ aGVHD group, compared with 78.8% (95% CI: 70.4%-88.3%) in the grade 0 - Ⅰ aGVHD group, with the difference not being statistically significant ( P=0.190) . Univariable analysis identified donor age ( P=0.020, HR=1.020, 95% CI: 1.000-1.040) and the female donor-male recipient sex combination ( P=0.033, HR=1.980, 95% CI: 1.160-3.380) as risk factors for grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ aGVHD. Multivariable analysis confirmed that donor age ( P=0.005, HR=1.026, 95% CI: 1.008-1.047) and the female donor-male recipient sex combination ( P=0.002, HR=2.339, 95% CI: 1.354-4.037) were independent risk factors for aGVHD. Patients receiving grafts from donors aged >45 years had a significantly higher 100-day cumulative incidence of grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ aGVHD compared with those receiving grafts from donors ≤45 years [54.7% (95% CI: 42.3%-67.0%) vs 31.6% (95% CI: 21.0%-42.1%) , P=0.006]. Similarly, patients with the female donor-male recipient sex combination had a higher 100-day cumulative incidence of grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ aGVHD than those with other sex combinations [56.8% (95% CI: 40.4%-73.1%) vs 36.9% (95% CI: 27.5%-46.3%) , P=0.015]. Conclusion:Older donor age and the female donor-male recipient sex combination remain independent risk factors for aGVHD in patients with AML undergoing HID-HSCT.

As human deep space exploration enters a practical phase, ensuring astronaut health and safety has become a critical determinant of mission success. The cerebrovascular system, essential for maintaining brain function, is highly sensitive to environmental changes. Cerebrovascular diseases represent one of the characteristic adverse effects of deep space conditions such as microgravity and high-energy radiation, and have emerged as a frontier challenge in space medicine. Based on experiences from manned space missions, major research challenges persist, particularly the lack of experimental data specific to the lunar environment and the unclear threshold for low-dose radiation-induced injury. Elucidating the mechanisms and multifactorial interactions by which deep space environments impact cerebrovascular structure and function, and summarizing the key risk factors, pathological processes, and recent advances in monitoring and early-warning technologies for cerebrovascular diseases in lunar astronauts, and of crucial importance. A comprehensive understanding of the interplay between deep space environmental stressors and cerebrovascular injury, as well as the development of personalized prevention and intervention strategies, will provide both theoretical and practical foundations for safeguarding cerebrovascular health in future Chinese deep space missions, while promoting progress in related biomedical research, technological innovation, and international collaboration.
Humans ; Astronauts ; Cerebrovascular Disorders/etiology* ; Space Flight ; Weightlessness/adverse effects* ; Risk Factors ; Moon

OBJECTIVE T o explore the prevention and control measures for the hospital-acquired pulmonary mu-cormycosis caused by Cunninghamella bertholletiae.METHODS One case of patient with pulmonary mucormyco-sis caused by Cunninghamella bertholletiae who was treated in pediatric intensive care unit(PICU)of a three-A general hospital was enrolled in the study,the process of clinical diagnosis and treatment was summarized.A ret-rospective survey regarding four aspects including people,machine,materials and environment was conducted.The related factors leading to the hospital-acquired infections in the patient were analyzed.RESULTS The child was diagnosed with severe aplastic anemia and underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,the child was treated with various invasive procedures during the treatment period and was infected with pulmona-ry mucormycosis caused by the rare Cunninghamella bertholletiae.The occurrence of the pulmonary mucormyco-sis was associated with the poor management of medical textile,insufficient environmental cleaning and disinfec-tion and nonstandard invasive procedures.CONCLUSIONS The Cunninghamella bertholletiae infection is less com-mon,but the risk of death is high.It is necessary for the medical institutions to complete the prevention and con-trol measures and intensify the health care workers'capabilities in identification of the pathogenic fungus so as to reduce the incidence of pulmonary mucormycosis caused by the pathogen.

Objective:To identify the risk factors for acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) undergoing haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HID-HSCT) .Methods:A total of 141 AML patients who underwent HID-HSCT at the Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, from January 2020 to July 2021 were included. The cumulative incidence of aGVHD was analyzed using the Fine-Gray competing risk model, with relapse and death as competing events, to compare differences between groups. Potential risk factors were evaluated by univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analyses to determine their independent effects on aGVHD.Results:Among the 141 patients, 86 (61.0%) were male and 55 (39.0%) were female, with a median age at transplantation of 34 years. Within 100 days post-transplant, 59 patients developed grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ aGVHD, whereas 86 patients experienced no or grade Ⅰ aGVHD (the grade 0-Ⅰ aGVHD group) . Survival analysis showed that the 3-year overall survival was 68.7% (95% CI: 57.7%-81.9%) in the grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ aGVHD group, compared with 78.8% (95% CI: 70.4%-88.3%) in the grade 0 - Ⅰ aGVHD group, with the difference not being statistically significant ( P=0.190) . Univariable analysis identified donor age ( P=0.020, HR=1.020, 95% CI: 1.000-1.040) and the female donor-male recipient sex combination ( P=0.033, HR=1.980, 95% CI: 1.160-3.380) as risk factors for grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ aGVHD. Multivariable analysis confirmed that donor age ( P=0.005, HR=1.026, 95% CI: 1.008-1.047) and the female donor-male recipient sex combination ( P=0.002, HR=2.339, 95% CI: 1.354-4.037) were independent risk factors for aGVHD. Patients receiving grafts from donors aged >45 years had a significantly higher 100-day cumulative incidence of grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ aGVHD compared with those receiving grafts from donors ≤45 years [54.7% (95% CI: 42.3%-67.0%) vs 31.6% (95% CI: 21.0%-42.1%) , P=0.006]. Similarly, patients with the female donor-male recipient sex combination had a higher 100-day cumulative incidence of grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ aGVHD than those with other sex combinations [56.8% (95% CI: 40.4%-73.1%) vs 36.9% (95% CI: 27.5%-46.3%) , P=0.015]. Conclusion:Older donor age and the female donor-male recipient sex combination remain independent risk factors for aGVHD in patients with AML undergoing HID-HSCT.

Objective To explore the clinical value of complement 1q(C1q),mannose-binding lectin(MBL)and complement 5a(C5a)in the early diagnosis and disease monitoring of diabetic kidney disease(DKD),as well as their relationship with renal tubular injury.Methods A total of 232 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted to the Endocrinology Department of Kailuan General Hospital from December 2020 to December 2021 were selected in this study.Patients were divided into the simple diabetes mellitus(SDM)group(n=50)and the DKD group(n=182)based on urinary albumin/creatinine ratio(UACR)and estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR).The DKD group was further divided into the low-risk diabetic nephropathy(LDKD)group(n=90),the moderate-risk diabetic nephropathy(MDKD)group(n=55)and the high-risk diabetic nephropathy(HDKD)group(n=37)according to the risk of chronic kidney disease progression.Forty healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations in our hospital during the same period were selected as the healthy control group(NC group).The DKD group was divided into the Q1-Q4 groups based on the quartile levels of NAG/Ucr according to the severity of renal tubular injury from mild to severe.General biochemical indicators,as well as the levels of C1q,MBL and C5a in each group were detected.Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between C1q,MBL,C5a and glomerular and tubular injury indexes.Multivariate ordinal Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of the progression risk of DKD and the degree of renal tubular injury.Results The levels of systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,triglycerides(TG),serum creatinine(Scr),uric acid(UA),UACR,NAG/Ucr,C1q,MBL and C5a were higher in the DKD group than those in the SDM group and the NC group.The levels of TC,LDL-C,ApoB and HbA1c were higher than those in the NC group,while the level of HDL-C was lower than that in the NC group.The levels of TC,LDL-C,HbA1c and NAG/Ucr were higher in the SDM group than those in the NC group,while the level of HDL-C was lower than that in the NC group(P＜0.05).Among different progression risk groups of DKD,the levels of C1q were higher in the HDKD group than those in the SDM group and the LDKD group.The levels of MBL and C5a were higher in the MDKD group than those in the SDM group and the LDKD group,and the level of MBL was higher in the LDKD group than that in the SDM group(P＜0.05).After grouping according to the quartile levels of NAG/Ucr,the levels of TC,ApoB,HbA1c,Scr,UACR,C1q and C5a were significantly higher in the Q4 group than those in the Q1 group.The levels of TC,ApoB,Scr,UACR,C1q and C5a were significantly higher than those in the Q2 group,and the levels of UACR and C5a were significantly higher than those in the Q3 group.The levels of HbA1c,Scr,UACR,C1q and C5a were significantly higher in the Q3 group than those in the Q1 group.The level of UACR was higher in the Q2 group than that in the Q1 group(all P＜0.05).The Spearman correlation analysis showed that C1q,MBL and C5a were positively correlated with UACR and NAG/Ucr,and negatively correlated with eGFR(all P＜0.05).The ordinal Logistic regression analysis showed that elevated levels of MBL,C5a,NAG/Ucr,Scr and systolic blood pressure were independent influencing factors of progression risk in DKD patients.Elevated levels of C5a,HbA1c and UACR were independent influencing factors of renal tubular injury in DKD patients.Conclusion C1q and C5a can be used to monitor middle and late DKD and tubular injury,and C5a is an independent risk factor for DKD progression and tubular injury.MBL can be used to screen for early DKD and is also an independent risk factor for its progression.

Objective To explore the clinical value of complement 1q(C1q),mannose-binding lectin(MBL)and complement 5a(C5a)in the early diagnosis and disease monitoring of diabetic kidney disease(DKD),as well as their relationship with renal tubular injury.Methods A total of 232 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted to the Endocrinology Department of Kailuan General Hospital from December 2020 to December 2021 were selected in this study.Patients were divided into the simple diabetes mellitus(SDM)group(n=50)and the DKD group(n=182)based on urinary albumin/creatinine ratio(UACR)and estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR).The DKD group was further divided into the low-risk diabetic nephropathy(LDKD)group(n=90),the moderate-risk diabetic nephropathy(MDKD)group(n=55)and the high-risk diabetic nephropathy(HDKD)group(n=37)according to the risk of chronic kidney disease progression.Forty healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations in our hospital during the same period were selected as the healthy control group(NC group).The DKD group was divided into the Q1-Q4 groups based on the quartile levels of NAG/Ucr according to the severity of renal tubular injury from mild to severe.General biochemical indicators,as well as the levels of C1q,MBL and C5a in each group were detected.Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between C1q,MBL,C5a and glomerular and tubular injury indexes.Multivariate ordinal Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of the progression risk of DKD and the degree of renal tubular injury.Results The levels of systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,triglycerides(TG),serum creatinine(Scr),uric acid(UA),UACR,NAG/Ucr,C1q,MBL and C5a were higher in the DKD group than those in the SDM group and the NC group.The levels of TC,LDL-C,ApoB and HbA1c were higher than those in the NC group,while the level of HDL-C was lower than that in the NC group.The levels of TC,LDL-C,HbA1c and NAG/Ucr were higher in the SDM group than those in the NC group,while the level of HDL-C was lower than that in the NC group(P＜0.05).Among different progression risk groups of DKD,the levels of C1q were higher in the HDKD group than those in the SDM group and the LDKD group.The levels of MBL and C5a were higher in the MDKD group than those in the SDM group and the LDKD group,and the level of MBL was higher in the LDKD group than that in the SDM group(P＜0.05).After grouping according to the quartile levels of NAG/Ucr,the levels of TC,ApoB,HbA1c,Scr,UACR,C1q and C5a were significantly higher in the Q4 group than those in the Q1 group.The levels of TC,ApoB,Scr,UACR,C1q and C5a were significantly higher than those in the Q2 group,and the levels of UACR and C5a were significantly higher than those in the Q3 group.The levels of HbA1c,Scr,UACR,C1q and C5a were significantly higher in the Q3 group than those in the Q1 group.The level of UACR was higher in the Q2 group than that in the Q1 group(all P＜0.05).The Spearman correlation analysis showed that C1q,MBL and C5a were positively correlated with UACR and NAG/Ucr,and negatively correlated with eGFR(all P＜0.05).The ordinal Logistic regression analysis showed that elevated levels of MBL,C5a,NAG/Ucr,Scr and systolic blood pressure were independent influencing factors of progression risk in DKD patients.Elevated levels of C5a,HbA1c and UACR were independent influencing factors of renal tubular injury in DKD patients.Conclusion C1q and C5a can be used to monitor middle and late DKD and tubular injury,and C5a is an independent risk factor for DKD progression and tubular injury.MBL can be used to screen for early DKD and is also an independent risk factor for its progression.

Objective:To analyze the status of registration of clinical trials of radiopharmaceuticals in China, and to provide reference for the development and clinical application of radiopharmaceuticals.Methods:By searching the clinical trial registration and information disclosure platform of the Center for Drug Evaluation of the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), the data on clinical trials of radiopharmaceuticals registered from 2014 to 2024 were collected and analyzed for trial design, administered dose, common indications, and geographical distribution.Results:A total of 77 clinical trials were included. The Compound Annual Growth Rate for the number of projects from 2014 to 2024 was 40%. Diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals were predominantly based on 18F and 99Tc m, while therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals primarily utilized 177Lu and 90Y. All indications were concentrated in the field of oncology. Regarding trial design, non-randomized (71.4%), open-label (89.6%), and single-arm (66.2%) trials accounted for the highest proportions. Geographical distribution showed Beijing (29 trials), Shanghai (18 trials), and Jiangsu province (14 trials) as the regions with the highest concentration of clinical trials. Conclusions:Radiopharmaceutical clinical trials in China have shown rapid growth. However, research remains predominantly focused on oncology, with a relatively high proportion of early-stage trials. In order to fully utilize the potentials of radiopharmaceuticals and improve the quality of clinical trials, nuclear medicine researches should broaden therapeutic applications, implement prudently administerd dose in clinical trials, and implement optimized radiation protection procedures across all clinical trial centers.