Objective:To investigate the differential effects of proton FLASH irradiation and conventional dose rate (CONV) irradiation on human normal liver cells WRL68 and human hepatocellular carcinoma cells HepG2.Methods:Using a 100 MeV high-current proton cyclotron accelerator, WRL68 and HepG2 cells were subjected to CONV (0.8 Gy/min) and FLASH (40 Gy/s) irradiation with 4 Gy protons. After irradiation, changes in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest were detected at different time points. Additionally, transcriptome sequencing was employed to analyze alterations in the gene expression profiles of the two cell lines.Results:For WRL68 cells, compared with CONV irradiation, proton FLASH irradiation enhanced cell proliferative activity ( t=10.18-16.67, P<0.05), reduced the apoptotic rate ( t=3.21-8.30, P<0.05), and decreased the proportion of cells arrested in the G 2 phase at the same time points ( t=34.08-65.16, P<0.05). In contrast, for HepG2 cells, proton FLASH irradiation significantly inhibited cell proliferation ( t=2.57-9.39, P<0.05), increased the apoptotic rate ( t=3.25-66.70, P<0.05), and similarly induced cell cycle arrest predominantly in the G 2 phase ( t=10.87-27.47, P<0.05). Transcriptome sequencing identified 906 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the FLASH group and the CONV group in WRL68 cells, and 1 243 DEGs were detected in HepG2 cells. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses of these DEGs suggested that cellular adhesion and oxygen effect may serve as crucial microscopic mechanisms underlying FLASH radiotherapy. Conclusions:Under proton FLASH irradiation, the radiation-induced damage to human normal liver cells was significantly alleviated, whereas the damage to hepatocellular carcinoma cells was aggravated. The identified DEGs are involved in multiple radiobiological functional pathways.

Objective:To investigate the differential effects of proton FLASH irradiation and conventional dose rate (CONV) irradiation on human normal liver cells WRL68 and human hepatocellular carcinoma cells HepG2.Methods:Using a 100 MeV high-current proton cyclotron accelerator, WRL68 and HepG2 cells were subjected to CONV (0.8 Gy/min) and FLASH (40 Gy/s) irradiation with 4 Gy protons. After irradiation, changes in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest were detected at different time points. Additionally, transcriptome sequencing was employed to analyze alterations in the gene expression profiles of the two cell lines.Results:For WRL68 cells, compared with CONV irradiation, proton FLASH irradiation enhanced cell proliferative activity ( t=10.18-16.67, P<0.05), reduced the apoptotic rate ( t=3.21-8.30, P<0.05), and decreased the proportion of cells arrested in the G 2 phase at the same time points ( t=34.08-65.16, P<0.05). In contrast, for HepG2 cells, proton FLASH irradiation significantly inhibited cell proliferation ( t=2.57-9.39, P<0.05), increased the apoptotic rate ( t=3.25-66.70, P<0.05), and similarly induced cell cycle arrest predominantly in the G 2 phase ( t=10.87-27.47, P<0.05). Transcriptome sequencing identified 906 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the FLASH group and the CONV group in WRL68 cells, and 1 243 DEGs were detected in HepG2 cells. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses of these DEGs suggested that cellular adhesion and oxygen effect may serve as crucial microscopic mechanisms underlying FLASH radiotherapy. Conclusions:Under proton FLASH irradiation, the radiation-induced damage to human normal liver cells was significantly alleviated, whereas the damage to hepatocellular carcinoma cells was aggravated. The identified DEGs are involved in multiple radiobiological functional pathways.

Objective:To explore the impact of defective case introduction teaching combining virtual and real elements on the enhancement of competence among orthopedic nursing interns.Methods:Ninety-six nursing students serving as interns in the Department of Orthopedics from March to September 2023 were selected and randomly assigned to either observation group or control group using a random number table, with 48 students in each group. The control group received conventional teaching, while the observation group received defective case introduction teaching combining virtual and real elements. The two groups were compared for the changes in assessment scores, self-learning ability, core skills, decision-making ability, and critical thinking following completion of internship. Statistical analyses were performed using the t-test and chi-square test via SPSS 23.0. Results:At the conclusion of the internship, both groups showed improvements in their theoretical knowledge and practical skills, self-learning ability scores, Competency Inventory for Registered Nurse (CIRN) scores, Clinical Decision-Making in Nursing Scale (CDMNS) scores, and Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory-Chinese Version (CTDI-CV) scores. Notably, the improvements were significantly greater in the observation group than in the control group ( t=2.64, 2.30, 3.44, 26.52, 10.87, P<0.05). Conclusions:The application of defective case introduction teaching combining virtual and real elements can enhance the self-learning and core competence of orthopedic nursing interns.

Objective:To explore the impact of defective case introduction teaching combining virtual and real elements on the enhancement of competence among orthopedic nursing interns.Methods:Ninety-six nursing students serving as interns in the Department of Orthopedics from March to September 2023 were selected and randomly assigned to either observation group or control group using a random number table, with 48 students in each group. The control group received conventional teaching, while the observation group received defective case introduction teaching combining virtual and real elements. The two groups were compared for the changes in assessment scores, self-learning ability, core skills, decision-making ability, and critical thinking following completion of internship. Statistical analyses were performed using the t-test and chi-square test via SPSS 23.0. Results:At the conclusion of the internship, both groups showed improvements in their theoretical knowledge and practical skills, self-learning ability scores, Competency Inventory for Registered Nurse (CIRN) scores, Clinical Decision-Making in Nursing Scale (CDMNS) scores, and Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory-Chinese Version (CTDI-CV) scores. Notably, the improvements were significantly greater in the observation group than in the control group ( t=2.64, 2.30, 3.44, 26.52, 10.87, P<0.05). Conclusions:The application of defective case introduction teaching combining virtual and real elements can enhance the self-learning and core competence of orthopedic nursing interns.

Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) is an emerging powerful cancer immunotherapy, which includes a complex process of genetic modification, stimulation and expansion. During these

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become one of the major metabolic diseases.In view of the defects of traditional animal models, this study was the first to establish the NAFLD model of Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) with simple feed formula which is similar to human (from simple fatty liver to steatohepatitis, fibrosis,Liver cirrhosis).This study discussed the mechanism of rapid fatty liver deposition in Mongolian gerbil, revealed its molecular mechanism,main regulatory target and network function of fatty liver susceptibility.We provide a new animal model of NAFLD with relatively clear background and less time-consuming for clinical treatment and new drug development.The theoretical and practical basis for the breeding of inbred strain NAFLD gerbil was established.

Objective: To observe the promoting blood circulation by removing blood stasis of Lubai Capsule(LBC)(Rhizoma Phragmitis, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Radix Saposhnikoviae, Flos Schizonepetae, etc.). Methods: Acute blood stasis rat models were established with swimming in iced water and sc adrenalin in order to observe the effect of LBC on blood rheology. Mesenteric microcirculatory disturbance rat models were also established with adrenalin in order to observe the effect of LBC. Clotting time was measured in vitro with prothrombin time(PT) and kaolin partial thromboplastin time(KPTT) kit in order to observe its effects. Results: LBC could decrease the whole blood and plasma viscosity, fibrinogen, erythrocyte sedimentation and aggregation ratio of blood platelets of rats, ease the sticky condition of blood stasis rat models and prevent from forming thrombus. It could also inhibit the constraction and slowing of blood flow of thin artery, the reducing of open capillaries and change of fluid condition caused by adrenalin and improve these phenomena. PT and KPTT could be increased obviously. Conclusion: LBC can significantly promote blood circulation by removing blood stasis, because of improving blood rheology and mesenteric microcirculatory disturbance and inhibit endogenous and exogenous coagulation system.