ObjectiveTo analyze the incidence and trend of stroke in Beilun District, so as to provide evidence for identifying influencing factors and reducing stroke incidence. MethodsStroke cases from 2012 to 2023 were extracted from the Ningbo Chronic Disease Collaborative Management System. Population information of Beilun District during the same period was also collected. The annual incidence and trends of stroke were analyzed. ResultsFrom 2012 to 2023, the age-standardized incidence rate of stroke in Beilun District, Ningbo City was 317.68/100 000, showing an increasing trend with an average annual percentage change (AAPC) of 2.267% (P=0.034). Among all subdistricts in Beilun District, two showed a downward trend in incidence, while the rest showed an upward trend. The crude incidence rate of stroke was significantly higher in males than that in females (P<0.001). The age-standardized incidence rate in males was 406.08/100 000, showing an increasing trend (AAPC=3.956%, P<0.001). The incidence of stroke also showed an increasing trend in the following age groups: 30‒<45 years (AAPC=6.340%, P=0.004), 45‒<60 years (AAPC=4.997%, P<0.001), and 60‒<75 years (AAPC=3.282%, P=0.042). Across all years, males had higher crude incidence rates in both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke than females (P<0.05). The age-standardized incidence rate of ischemic stroke showed a rising trend in both males and the general population (male AAPC=4.905%, P<0.001; overall population AAPC=3.065%, P=0.001). ConclusionThe age-standardized incidence of stroke in Beilun District is on the rise, with higher crude incidence rate in males than that in females. The onset age of stroke is gradually declining. The age-standardized incidence rate of male ischemic stroke shows a clear upward trend.

Objective:To investigate the application and management status of midline catheters in 1 954 hospitals, providing a basis for optimizing intravenous therapy nursing practices.Methods:This study used convenience sampling. From November 2023, members of the Intravenous Therapy Nursing Professional Committee of the Chinese Nursing Association selected 1 954 hospitals across various regions of China. Questionnaire on the Current Status of Intravenous Therapy in Hospitals at All Levels designed by the committee, based on literature review and expert discussions, was used to collect data on intravenous therapy practices in different hospitals. Multiple response analysis was applied to analysis the results of multiple-choice questions, where response numbers represent the total number of times each option was selected, and response rates refer to the proportion of selected times for each option out of all selected responses.Results:A total of 1 954 questionnaires were distributed across 31 provinces/municipalities/autonomous regions, and 1 954 valid questionnaires were returned, achieving a 100.0% valid response rate. Among the hospitals surveyed, 844 used midline catheters. Regarding the skin disinfection area for midline catheter insertion, the highest response rate was for a range of>20 cm. The highest response rate for catheter insertion techniques was ultrasound-guided Seldinger puncture. The highest response rate for maintenance interval was once a week. The top three responses for nursing documentation related to midline catheters were informed consent for intubation, puncture record, and maintenance record. The most frequently chosen processes were catheter placement, maintenance, removal, and complication management processes. The qualification for midline catheter intravenous therapy specialist nurses was mostly obtained through specialized nurse training, followed by hospital-based and department-based training.Conclusions:The application of midline catheters has rapidly developed but still reveals some deficiencies, including the choice of puncture tools, infection control, and catheter maintenance. It is recommended to improve nursing documentation and management processes related to midline catheters, establish industry standards suitable for China's national conditions, and strengthen and standardize the specialized training of intravenous therapy nurses to promote the healthy development of intravenous therapy in China.

Objective:To investigate the application and management status of midline catheters in 1 954 hospitals, providing a basis for optimizing intravenous therapy nursing practices.Methods:This study used convenience sampling. From November 2023, members of the Intravenous Therapy Nursing Professional Committee of the Chinese Nursing Association selected 1 954 hospitals across various regions of China. Questionnaire on the Current Status of Intravenous Therapy in Hospitals at All Levels designed by the committee, based on literature review and expert discussions, was used to collect data on intravenous therapy practices in different hospitals. Multiple response analysis was applied to analysis the results of multiple-choice questions, where response numbers represent the total number of times each option was selected, and response rates refer to the proportion of selected times for each option out of all selected responses.Results:A total of 1 954 questionnaires were distributed across 31 provinces/municipalities/autonomous regions, and 1 954 valid questionnaires were returned, achieving a 100.0% valid response rate. Among the hospitals surveyed, 844 used midline catheters. Regarding the skin disinfection area for midline catheter insertion, the highest response rate was for a range of>20 cm. The highest response rate for catheter insertion techniques was ultrasound-guided Seldinger puncture. The highest response rate for maintenance interval was once a week. The top three responses for nursing documentation related to midline catheters were informed consent for intubation, puncture record, and maintenance record. The most frequently chosen processes were catheter placement, maintenance, removal, and complication management processes. The qualification for midline catheter intravenous therapy specialist nurses was mostly obtained through specialized nurse training, followed by hospital-based and department-based training.Conclusions:The application of midline catheters has rapidly developed but still reveals some deficiencies, including the choice of puncture tools, infection control, and catheter maintenance. It is recommended to improve nursing documentation and management processes related to midline catheters, establish industry standards suitable for China's national conditions, and strengthen and standardize the specialized training of intravenous therapy nurses to promote the healthy development of intravenous therapy in China.

Objective To analyze the infection and drug resistance of Ureaplasma urealyticum(UU),Mycoplasma hominis(MH)and Chlamydia trachomatis(CT)in 2324 patients,and to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of nongonococcal infections in urogenital tract.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 2324 patients diagnosed and treated at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital,Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School from February 2021 to April 2022.UU and MH were detected by liquid culture method and drug sensitivity tests were carried out,and CT was detected by latex method,and the results were statistically analyzed.Results A total of 1006 positive patients were detected,with a total positive rate of 43.3％.The positive rate in female patients significantly higher than that in male patients(x2=68.888,P＜0.001).Among them,the positive detection rates of UU,MH and CT were 40.8％,10.0％and 1.8％respectively.Among patients with single infection,the UU positive detection rate was the highest(31.8％).The positive rate of UU in female patients was significantly higher than that in male patients(x2=70.417,P＜0.001).Among patients with mixed infections,the positive detection rate of UU+MH was the highest(8.2％).The age groups with the highest positive rates of UU,MH and CT were 41-50 years old,≤ 20 years old and 21-30 years old respectively.Results of drug sensitivity test showed that mycoplasma were highly sensitive to doxycycline,minocycline and josamycin,with the sensitivity rates of 97.2％,96.9％and 95.4％respectively.Conclusion Young and middle-aged people are the main population with nongonococcal infection in urogenital tract.UU is the main pathogen detected,and the detection rate of female is higher than that of male.According to the drug sensitivity results of mycoplasma,it is suggested to choose doxycycline,minocycline and josamycin for treatment.

Objective To analyze the infection and drug resistance of Ureaplasma urealyticum(UU),Mycoplasma hominis(MH)and Chlamydia trachomatis(CT)in 2324 patients,and to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of nongonococcal infections in urogenital tract.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 2324 patients diagnosed and treated at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital,Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School from February 2021 to April 2022.UU and MH were detected by liquid culture method and drug sensitivity tests were carried out,and CT was detected by latex method,and the results were statistically analyzed.Results A total of 1006 positive patients were detected,with a total positive rate of 43.3％.The positive rate in female patients significantly higher than that in male patients(x2=68.888,P＜0.001).Among them,the positive detection rates of UU,MH and CT were 40.8％,10.0％and 1.8％respectively.Among patients with single infection,the UU positive detection rate was the highest(31.8％).The positive rate of UU in female patients was significantly higher than that in male patients(x2=70.417,P＜0.001).Among patients with mixed infections,the positive detection rate of UU+MH was the highest(8.2％).The age groups with the highest positive rates of UU,MH and CT were 41-50 years old,≤ 20 years old and 21-30 years old respectively.Results of drug sensitivity test showed that mycoplasma were highly sensitive to doxycycline,minocycline and josamycin,with the sensitivity rates of 97.2％,96.9％and 95.4％respectively.Conclusion Young and middle-aged people are the main population with nongonococcal infection in urogenital tract.UU is the main pathogen detected,and the detection rate of female is higher than that of male.According to the drug sensitivity results of mycoplasma,it is suggested to choose doxycycline,minocycline and josamycin for treatment.

Objective To gain an in-depth understanding of the construction and use of the intravenous therapy specialist nurse teams in tertiary general hospitals in China,and to provide a reference for the development and standardized management of the intravenous therapy specialist nurse teams.Methods A convenience sampling method was used to survey tertiary general hospitals across the country in November 2023 using a self-designed questionnaire on the current status of the intravenous therapy specialist nurse teams.Results A total of 1,097 questionnaires were collected,of which 958 were valid,with a response rate of 87.33％.The survey results showed that there were 15,249 intravenous therapy specialist nurses in 958 tertiary general hospitals.These nurses generally had a bachelor's degree(13 346,87.52％)and most had more than 10 years of work experience(10 294,67.51％).Their main tasks included PICC and PORT placement and maintenance.In terms of the management of intravenous therapy specialist nurses,68.37％of hospitals had an open and transparent selection method,and 73.17％of hospitals implemented regular assessments,and 68.79％of hospitals provided retraining opportunities.The certification of intravenous therapy specialist nurses was mostly undertaken by provincial and municipal nursing associations,and the appointment method was the appointment system.In terms of remuneration,67.22％of hospitals reimbursed all training costs,but 47.60％of hospitals had no change in remuneration before and after training.In addition,79.33％of hospitals had intravenous therapy specialist nursing clinics.Intravenous therapy specialist nurses mainly worked throughout the hospital,mostly independently on a part-time basis,and the main charges were treatment costs and material costs.Conclusion The team of intravenous therapy nurses in tertiary general hospitals in China is large in size and has a high level of education.However,hospitals and management departments still need to pay more attention and support to the expansion of the work content,training,assessment,retraining and salary guarantee of intravenous therapy nurses in order to further strengthen the construction of intravenous therapy nurses and promote their sustainable development.

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of procalcitonin to platelet ratio (PPR) and C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR) in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and the value of SAP and concomitant acute liver injury (ALI).Methods:Total of 195 patients with AP from June 2021 to December 2022 from 374 patients were screened for inclusion in the study and were divided into non-severe acute pancreatitis (NSAP) and SAP groups. The ALI group was divided into non-acute liver injury (NALI) and ALI groups according to ALI criteria, and then into hepatocellular ALI subgroup, cholangiocellular ALI subgroup and mixed ALI subgroup. Laboratory tests for procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin and platelet (PLT) were completed within 48 h. Risk factors for SAP, ALI and each subgroup of ALI were analysed by binary logistic regression. Subject work characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted and the optimal thresholds for PPR and CAR were calculated. The predictive value of PPR, CAR and their combination for SAP, ALI and each type of ALI was determined.Results:The AUCs for predicting SAP by plotting ROC curves and calculating the bedside index score of acute pancreatitis severity (BISAP score), PPR, CAR, PPR combined with CAR, PPR combined with BISAP score, CAR combined with BISAP score and combined PPR, CAR and BISAP score were 0.82, 0.85, 0.79 and 0.86. The areas under the ROC curves for PPR, CAR and combined prediction of ALI were 0.81, 0.85 and 0.88, respectively; the areas under the ROC curves for PPR, CAR and combined prediction of hepatocellular ALI were 0.93, 0.77 and 0.92, respectively; and the areas under the ROC curves for PPR, CAR and combined prediction of cholangiocellular ALI were 0.76, 0.76 and 0.77, respectively. The area under the ROC curves for PPR, CAR and combined prediction of mixed ALI were 0.83, 0.76 and 0.82Conclusions:Elevated PPR and CAR are risk factors for SAP and for the development of ALI in AP. PPR has better predictive value than CAR for hepatocellular and mixed ALI, and CAR has better predictive value than PPR for cholangiocellular ALI.

Objective:To investigate the value of fibrinogen to albumin ratio (FAR), creatinine to albumin ratio (CAR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in predicting the poor prognosis of hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis (HLAP).Methods:Clinical data of HLAP patients admitted to the hospital from January 2021 to January and December 2023 were retrospectively collected. According to the prognosis, the patients were divided into two groups: good prognosis group and poor prognosis group.The independent risk factors of HLAP in different prognostic groups were obtained by multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to evaluate the prognostic value of FAR, CAR and PLR alone and in combination.Results:A total of 118 patients with HLAP were included, including 69 patients with good prognosis and 49 patients with poor prognosis.The difference of heart rate, lymphocyte, triglyceride, albumin, creatinine, urea nitrogen, blood calcium, blood glucose, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, fibrinogen, FAR, CAR, PLR, Bedside indicator of acute pancreatitis Severity score, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health status score, hospitalization time assessment between the two groups was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that FAR (odds ratio ( OR) = 25.949, 95% confidence interval (95% CI):3.190 ~ 211.080, P = 0.002), CAR ( OR = 1.453, 95% CI:1.095 ~ 1.928, P = 0.010) and PLR ( OR = 1.005, 95% CI: 1.001 ~ 1.009, P = 0.020) were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in HLAP patients. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of FAR, CAR and PLR to predict poor prognosis of HLAP patients were 0.823, 0.781 and 0.652, respectively.The AUC of FAR combined with CAR, FAR combined with PLR and CAR combined with PLR were 0.840, 0.845 and 0.849, respectively.The combined ability of FAR, CAR and PLR to predict poor prognosis in HLAP patients was (AUC=0.875,95% CI:0.814 ~ 0.937). When the cut-off value was 0.387, the sensitivity was 83.7%, and the specificity was 79.7%. Conclusions:The prognostic value of FAR, CAR and PLR in HLAP patients is better than that of single or pairwise combination.

With continuous advancements in medical technology, the tools and techniques for intravenous therapy and infusion are also evolving and innovating. This paper summarizes and analyzes the current application status of intravenous therapy infusion tools and techniques, thus providing deep reflections and suggestions to serve as a beneficial reference and guide for the development of these tools and techniques in China.

Objective To investigate the current state of quality management on intravenous therapy in secondary and tertiary hospitals in China.This study aims to provide a reference for the development of relevant policies,promoting the professionalization,standardization,and homogenization of intravenous therapy.Methods By a convenience sampling method,intravenous therapy nursing managers from secondary and tertiary hospitals in 31 provinces,autonomous regions,and municipalities were selected as survey participants in November 2023.A self-designed questionnaire was used for the survey.Results A total of 2 129 questionnaires were collected,of which 1,926 were valid,resulting in a response rate of 90.47％.Among the 1926 hospitals,1 733(89.98％)had established quality evaluation standards for intravenous therapy,and 1 734(90.03％)conducted regular quality inspections for intravenous therapy or peripherally inserted central catheter(PICC)insertion and maintenance.Additionally,1 604 hospitals(83.28％)had established protocols for handling and reporting intravenous therapy or PICC-related complications,and 1 574 hospitals(81.72％)regularly collected and analyzed data related to intravenous therapy or PICC insertion and maintenance.Moreover,371 hospitals(19.26％)had implemented intravenous therapy information management systems.Regarding various types of intravenous therapy documents,the highest rate of document types was informed consent forms,with a compliance rate of over 80.00％,followed by insertion records and catheter maintenance records,respectively.The lowest rate was complication management records,with a compliance rate of less than 50.00％.For catheter maintenance protocols,the highest compliance rate was for maintenance procedures,at over 85.00％,followed by insertion procedures.Except for PICCs,the compliance rate for establishing catheter removal and complication management procedures for other types of catheters was less than 65.00％.In terms of quality management of intravenous therapy,there are significant differences between secondary and tertiary hospitals.Conclusion The quality evaluation standards for intravenous therapy are relatively comprehensive,but the informatization of intravenous therapy quality management is still underdeveloped.Furthermore,there is a need to further standardize the documentation and procedures related to intravenous therapy,and there are differences in the level of intravenous therapy management among hospitals of different levels.