ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among newly detained populations in eastern China, to identify high-risk groups, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating tuberculosis prevention and control strategies in the prison system. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among the newly admitted detainees in two prisons in eastern China in 2022. Data on demographic characteristics, behavioral risk factors and previous disease history of the research subjects were collected through a structured questionnaire survey. The LTBI status of the detainees was determined using the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) method. Lasso regression was used to screen variables, followed by multivariate logistic regression analysis to investigate the influencing factors of LTBI. ResultsA total of 305 detainees were included in the study. The median age of detainees was 35 (31, 43) years. The study population was predominantly male (67.21%), of Han ethnicity (95.41%), had a junior or senior high school education (59.34%), and was unemployed (31.80%). A history of smoking was reported by 52.79% of participants, while 57.70% reported no alcohol consumption. The majority had no history of hypertension (85.90%), diabetes mellitus (93.77%), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (97.38%), familial genetic diseases (95.08%), surgery or trauma (73.77%), drug use (92.79%), or hepatitis (93.77%). The LTBI rate was 14.75%. After comparing the demographic characteristics of LTBI and non-infected groups, it was found that smoking history (χ²=7.40, P=0.025), drug use history (χ²=5.49, P=0.019), and HIV infection (χ²=8.12, P=0.004) were statistically correlated with LTBI infection. The results of multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that smoking [adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=4.08, 95%CI: 1.60‒10.42, P=0.003], HIV infection (aOR=11.57, 95%CI: 2.50‒53.51, P=0.002) and drug use (aOR=3.04, 95%CI: 1.02‒9.09, P=0.046) were risk factors for LTBI. ConclusionThe LTBI rate among newly detainees in two prisons in eastern China is slightly lower than that among long-term detainees. Early screening and intervention should be implemented for newly detainees, with particular attention focused on high-risk groups such as those with a history of smoking, HIV infection, or drug use.

Objective To understand the current situation of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in China,pro-vide data support and decision-making basis for formulating scientific and effective strategies for HAI prevention and control.Methods A nationwide cross-sectional survey on HAI was conducted among various types and levels of medical institutions in China according to a unified protocol of bedside surveys and case investigations.Results In 2024,a total of 5 736 medical institutions and 2 751 765 patients were surveyed.Among them,34 889 HAI cases were identified,with a prevalence rate of 1.27％.The number of HAI episodes was 38 032,and case prevalence rate was 1.38％.The prevalence rate of HAI in medical institutions in different regions of China ranged from 0.66％to 2.35％.Among medical institutions of different scales,those with a bed capacity of ≥900 had the high-est incidence of HAI,reaching 1.65％.The most common infection site was the lower respiratory tract(44.66％),followed by the urinary tract(12.94％),surgical site(9.32％),upper respiratory tract(7.02％),and bloodstream infection(5.78％).The top 3 departments with the highest HAI rates were the general intensive care unit(10.02％),department of neurosurgery(5.51％),and department(group)of hematology(5.34％).A total of 23 238 strains of HAI pathogens were detected,with 10 714 strains(46.10％)from lower respiratory tract speci-mens.The top 5 detected strains were Klebsiella pneumoniae(14.76％),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(13.33％),Escherichia coli(12.79％),Acinetobacter baumannii(9.23％),and Staphylococcus aureus(7.88％).231 944 pa-tients underwent class Ⅰ incision surgery were monitored,with 1 647 cases experienced surgical site infection,and the prevalence rate of surgical site infection was 0.71％.The number of patients who should undergo pathogen de-tection(patients receiving therapeutic and therapeutic combined prophylactic antimicrobial agents)was 715 179,while the actual number was 480 492,with a pathogen detection rate of 67.18％.425 225 patients received patho-genic detection before treatment,with a detection rate of 59.46％.Conclusion The overall HAI prevalence in Chi-na is lower,showing disparities among medical institutions of different regions and scales.Therefore,precise imple-mentation of measures is necessary for HAI prevention and control,with a focus on high-risk institutions and high-risk departments,key areas,and critical procedures.All levels of medical institutions should continuously reduce the incidence of HAI by strengthening monitoring,standardizing the use of antimicrobial agents,and reinforcing basic HAI prevention and control measures.

In June 2018,sows at a pig farm in Jiamusi,Heilongjiang Province,suffered a large num-ber of miscarriages,and subsequently weaned piglets at the farm began to show persistent high fe-ver symptoms at around 35 days of age,with some pigs having a fever of more than 41.5 ℃.In or-der to determine the cause of this outbreak,63 clinical samples from this farm were tested.The re-sults showed that 60 out of 63 samples were positive for the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV)antigen.Subsequently,PRRSV antigen-positive plasmid was transfected into African green monkey embryonic kidney cells(Marc-145),and after three generations of blind transmission,indirect immunofluorescence assay(IFA)was performed.The results showed that one PRRSV strain,named HLJ38,was successfully isolated.Then the whole genome of HLJ38 strain was sequenced and then analyzed in detail by bioinformatics software.Sequence analysis showed that there were three deletions of 131 amino acids(323-433 aa,483 aa and 504-522 aa)in the derived sequence of Nsp2 gene of HLJ38 strain,which was consistent with the molecular ge-netic marker of NADC30 PRRSV.The phylogenetic tree analysis showed that HLJ38 and NADC30 PRRSV in GenBank belong to lineage 1 subgroup,and the nucleotide homology of HLJ38 and NADC30 PRRSV in GenBank was only 85.2％and 84.6％.Recombinant analysis showed that HLJ38 was a recombinant NADC30-like PRRSV,and the recombinant gene fragments were de-rived from multiple strains,among which the fragment of 1-201 nt was provided by VR2332 strain and fragment of 6 641-8 061 nt derived from the HP-PRRSV strain.In summary,the re-sults showed that the outbreak in this pig farm may be caused by the recombination of PRRSV strains among different lineages,and the recombinant circulating strains not only have certain pathogenicity but also suggest that the existing commercial vaccines provide limited cross-protec-tion against them.Recombination between different lineages increases the genetic diversity of PRRSV and aggravates the difficulty of prevention and control of PRRS in pig farms.Therefore,it is necessary to continuously monitor the epidemic dynamics of PRRSV in pig farms and take effec-tive measures in time to curb the spread of PRRS.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabol-ic disease characterized by high blood sugar levels.Traditionally,amino acids are primarily viewed as the basic building blocks for proteins and peptide synthesis.However,in recent years,amino acids have gained increased attention as signaling mole-cules that play crucial roles in the maintenance and regulation of metabolic homeostasis.It has been found that there is a close correlation between the metabolism of branched-chain and/or aromatic amino acids and the occurrence or development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Furthermore,there have been successive reports on the regulation mecha-nism involved.This article will focus on the meta-bolic processes,mechanisms and clinical value of branched-chain and aromatic amino acids in type 2 diabetes mellitus.It will also summarize and pro-vide an outlook on the current state of amino acid metabolism in the treatment of diabetes mellitus,with the aim of offering new ideas for the treat-ment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective To retrospectively analyze the association between metabolic factors and high-risk colorectal adenoma(CRA).Methods The medical records of patients aged 18-75 years who underwent their initial colonoscopy at Karamay Central Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from Jul 2000 to Mar 2017 were collected.The comparison between normal colonoscopy(NC)and high-risk CRA patients was conducted using an unpaired t-test,while chi-square test was used for categorical variables.Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)regression and Logistic regression were utilized to analyze the association between metabolic factors and high-risk CRA.Results A total of 1 798 patients meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled and divided into normal colonoscopy(NC)findings group(n=972)and high-risk CRA group(n=826).The high-risk CRA group exhibited significantly lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)in comparison to the NC group,while uric acid and fibrosis 4(FIB-4)index levels were significantly higher than those observed in the NC group(all P<0.05).Based on LASSO regression analysis,we identified 12 variables that potentially influence the occurrence of high-risk CRA,including age,gender,smoking history,alcohol consumption history,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),hypertension,coronary artery disease,hyperglycemia,hypercholesterolemia,low levels of HDL-C,elevated alanine aminotransferase,and elevated gamma-glutamyl transferase.Multivariate analysis revealed that individuals aged over 50 years,male gender,cigarette and alcohol consumption,low HDL-C levels,history of NAFLD and hypertension were identified as independent risk factors associated with high-risk CRA(P<0.05).In addition,without or with adjusting for age,sex,smoking,and drinking history,patients with a high TG/HDL-C ratio(the ratio≥2.68)had a significantly higher risk of high-risk CRA than those with a low TG/HDL-C ratio(the ratio<2.68)[odds ratios(ORs)were1.430 and 1.235 respectively,all P<0.05)].Without or with adjusting variables,the ORs for NAFLD patients with FIB-4 index>2.67 were 1.849(P=0.466)and 1.435(P=0.707),respectively.Conclusion A significant association exists between metabolic factors and high-risk CRA.Independent risk factors for high-risk CRA include older age(≥50 years),male,smoking history,alcohol consumption history,low levels of HDL-C,and a history of NAFLD and hypertension.Individuals exhibiting a TG/HDL-C ratio exceeding 2.68 manifest a significantly heightened susceptibility to the development of high-risk CRA.Therefore,elderly males with one or more aforementioned metabolic abnormalities should be considered a priority population for colorectal screening.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabol-ic disease characterized by high blood sugar levels.Traditionally,amino acids are primarily viewed as the basic building blocks for proteins and peptide synthesis.However,in recent years,amino acids have gained increased attention as signaling mole-cules that play crucial roles in the maintenance and regulation of metabolic homeostasis.It has been found that there is a close correlation between the metabolism of branched-chain and/or aromatic amino acids and the occurrence or development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Furthermore,there have been successive reports on the regulation mecha-nism involved.This article will focus on the meta-bolic processes,mechanisms and clinical value of branched-chain and aromatic amino acids in type 2 diabetes mellitus.It will also summarize and pro-vide an outlook on the current state of amino acid metabolism in the treatment of diabetes mellitus,with the aim of offering new ideas for the treat-ment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective To retrospectively analyze the association between metabolic factors and high-risk colorectal adenoma(CRA).Methods The medical records of patients aged 18-75 years who underwent their initial colonoscopy at Karamay Central Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from Jul 2000 to Mar 2017 were collected.The comparison between normal colonoscopy(NC)and high-risk CRA patients was conducted using an unpaired t-test,while chi-square test was used for categorical variables.Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)regression and Logistic regression were utilized to analyze the association between metabolic factors and high-risk CRA.Results A total of 1 798 patients meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled and divided into normal colonoscopy(NC)findings group(n=972)and high-risk CRA group(n=826).The high-risk CRA group exhibited significantly lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)in comparison to the NC group,while uric acid and fibrosis 4(FIB-4)index levels were significantly higher than those observed in the NC group(all P<0.05).Based on LASSO regression analysis,we identified 12 variables that potentially influence the occurrence of high-risk CRA,including age,gender,smoking history,alcohol consumption history,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),hypertension,coronary artery disease,hyperglycemia,hypercholesterolemia,low levels of HDL-C,elevated alanine aminotransferase,and elevated gamma-glutamyl transferase.Multivariate analysis revealed that individuals aged over 50 years,male gender,cigarette and alcohol consumption,low HDL-C levels,history of NAFLD and hypertension were identified as independent risk factors associated with high-risk CRA(P<0.05).In addition,without or with adjusting for age,sex,smoking,and drinking history,patients with a high TG/HDL-C ratio(the ratio≥2.68)had a significantly higher risk of high-risk CRA than those with a low TG/HDL-C ratio(the ratio<2.68)[odds ratios(ORs)were1.430 and 1.235 respectively,all P<0.05)].Without or with adjusting variables,the ORs for NAFLD patients with FIB-4 index>2.67 were 1.849(P=0.466)and 1.435(P=0.707),respectively.Conclusion A significant association exists between metabolic factors and high-risk CRA.Independent risk factors for high-risk CRA include older age(≥50 years),male,smoking history,alcohol consumption history,low levels of HDL-C,and a history of NAFLD and hypertension.Individuals exhibiting a TG/HDL-C ratio exceeding 2.68 manifest a significantly heightened susceptibility to the development of high-risk CRA.Therefore,elderly males with one or more aforementioned metabolic abnormalities should be considered a priority population for colorectal screening.

Objective To explore the protective effect of resveratrol on myocardial damage caused by sepsis in rats.Methods Forty SD rats were randomly divided into control group,model group,experimental group and combined group,with 10 rats in each group.Except the control group,the other rats were intraperitoneally injected with 20 mg·kg-1 lipopolysaccharide,while the control group was injected with the same amount of normal saline.Two hours before modeling,the experimental group and combinated group were given 50 mg·kg-1 resveratrol by gavage,and the control group and model group were given the same amount of normal saline by gavage.The combined group was injected with 10 nmol of micro RNA-155(miR-155)agomir through the tail vein,and the other group was injected with equal volume of normal saline through the tail vein.Left ventricular function parameters of rats were measured by echocardiography.The level of myocardial injury markers was detected by colorimetry.Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of miR-155.The expression of sirtuin 1(SIRT1)and related proteins of nuclear factor κB signaling pathway were detected by Western blot.Results The left ventricular ejection fraction of control group,model group and experimental group were(80.78±12.85)％,(55.92±7.86)％and(71.55±10.71)％,respectively;left ventricular fractional shortening were(34.08±5.75)％,(22.92±2.96)％,(28.72±4.25)％,respectively;left ventricular end disatolic diameter were(3.12±0.46),(6.34±0.69),(4.95±0.57)mm,respectively;the left ventricular end systolic diameter were(5.98±0.65),(7.24±0.80),(6.16±0.78)mm,respectively;the fractional shortening were(38.91±5.38)％,(22.67±3.53)％,(30.74±3.97)％,and the expression levels of creatine kinase-MB were(661.56±85.44),(1181.41±142.14),(915.02±105.19)U·L-1,respectively;the expressions levels of cardiac troponin Ⅰ were(148.17±28.48),(448.17±60.34)and(375.44±49.01)ng·mL-1,respectively.The expression of miR-155 in control group,model group,experimental group and combined group were 1.00±0.12,3.79±0.45,1.87±0.23 and 4.03±0.49,respectively;the protein relative expression levels of nuclear factor κB(NF-κB)were 1.00±0.08,5.04±0.59,2.73±0.35,5.58±0.63,respectively;the protein relative expression levels of inhibitor of NF-κB-β were 1.00±0.11,3.03±0.37,1.35±0.15 and 2.89±0.34,respectively;the protein relative expressions of inhibitor of NF-κB-α were 1.00±0.13,0.86±0.08,1.21±0.18,0.77±0.09,respectively;the protein relative expression levels of SIRT1 were 1.00±0.16,0.66±0.07,0.93±0.14,0.54±0.06,respectively.The above indicators of the model group were compared with the control group,the experimental group were compared with the model group,and the above indicators of the combined group were compared with the experimental group,and the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Resveratrol can alleviate myocardial injury and improve cardiac function in sepsis rats,which may be achieved by down-regulating the expression of miR-155,up-regulating the level of SIRT1,and inhibiting the nuclear factor κB signaling pathway.

Objective To study the relationship between irisin and the risk of sarcopenia in elderly patients with hyperhomocysteine-mia of different genders.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 180 elderly patients with hyperhomocysteinemia who were ad-mitted to the Geriatrics Department of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University between January 2021 and January 2023.The study partici-pants were categorized into the male sarcopenia group(n=43)and the male non-sarcopenia group(n=57),the female sarcopenia group(n=44),and the female non-sarcopenia group(n=36)according to the《2019 Consensus Update on the Diagnosis and Treat-ment of Sarcopenia》.Serum irisin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and the clinical data of patients in sar-copenia and non-sarcopenia groups were compared under different genders.Serum irisin concentrations were grouped into quartiles,and the differences in the indicators related to sarcopenia[appendicular skeletal muscle mass index(ASMI),grip strength,and step speed]were statistically assessed among the four groups using analysis of ANOVA or the Kruskal-Wallis test.Multifactorial Logistic regression a-nalysis was used to evaluate the influencing factors of sarcopenia in elderly patients with hyperhomocysteinemia of different genders.Results Among elderly male patients,there were statistically significant differences in age,irisin,hemoglobin,total protein,albumin,triglycerides,High-density lipoprotein cholesterol,ASMI and percent body fat between the sarcopenia group and the non-sarcopenia group(P＜0.05).Among elderly female patients,there were statistically significant differences in irisin,C-reactive protein,platelets count,uric acid,ASMI and percent body fat between the sarcopenia group and the non-sarcopenia group(P＜0.05).After statistical a-nalysis,it was found that the ASMI was significantly different between the irisin quartile groups of elderly male patients with hyperhomo-cysteinemia(P＜0.001);grip strength and step speed were significantly different between the irisin quartile groups of elderly female pa-tients with hyperhomocysteinemia(P=0.016,0.020).Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that serum irisin(OR=0.951,95％CI:0.905-0.999)and percent body fat(OR=0.741,95％CI:0.641-0.857)were independent influences on the development of sarcopenia in elderly male patients with hyperhomocysteinemia(P＜0.05).Serum irisin(OR=0.942,95％CI:0.892-0.994),per-cent body fat(OR=0.698,95％CI:0.576-0.846),and platelet count(OR=1.013,95％CI:1.002-1.024)were independent influencing factors for sarcopenia in the elderly female patients with hyperhomocysteinemia(P＜0.05).Conclusion Elevated serum iri-sin and body fat percentage are independent protective factors against sarcopenia in elderly male and female patients with hyperhomocys-teinemia;elevated platelet count is an independent risk factor for sarcopenia in elderly female patients with hyperhomocysteinemia.

Objective To study the relationship between irisin and the risk of sarcopenia in elderly patients with hyperhomocysteine-mia of different genders.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 180 elderly patients with hyperhomocysteinemia who were ad-mitted to the Geriatrics Department of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University between January 2021 and January 2023.The study partici-pants were categorized into the male sarcopenia group(n=43)and the male non-sarcopenia group(n=57),the female sarcopenia group(n=44),and the female non-sarcopenia group(n=36)according to the《2019 Consensus Update on the Diagnosis and Treat-ment of Sarcopenia》.Serum irisin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and the clinical data of patients in sar-copenia and non-sarcopenia groups were compared under different genders.Serum irisin concentrations were grouped into quartiles,and the differences in the indicators related to sarcopenia[appendicular skeletal muscle mass index(ASMI),grip strength,and step speed]were statistically assessed among the four groups using analysis of ANOVA or the Kruskal-Wallis test.Multifactorial Logistic regression a-nalysis was used to evaluate the influencing factors of sarcopenia in elderly patients with hyperhomocysteinemia of different genders.Results Among elderly male patients,there were statistically significant differences in age,irisin,hemoglobin,total protein,albumin,triglycerides,High-density lipoprotein cholesterol,ASMI and percent body fat between the sarcopenia group and the non-sarcopenia group(P＜0.05).Among elderly female patients,there were statistically significant differences in irisin,C-reactive protein,platelets count,uric acid,ASMI and percent body fat between the sarcopenia group and the non-sarcopenia group(P＜0.05).After statistical a-nalysis,it was found that the ASMI was significantly different between the irisin quartile groups of elderly male patients with hyperhomo-cysteinemia(P＜0.001);grip strength and step speed were significantly different between the irisin quartile groups of elderly female pa-tients with hyperhomocysteinemia(P=0.016,0.020).Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that serum irisin(OR=0.951,95％CI:0.905-0.999)and percent body fat(OR=0.741,95％CI:0.641-0.857)were independent influences on the development of sarcopenia in elderly male patients with hyperhomocysteinemia(P＜0.05).Serum irisin(OR=0.942,95％CI:0.892-0.994),per-cent body fat(OR=0.698,95％CI:0.576-0.846),and platelet count(OR=1.013,95％CI:1.002-1.024)were independent influencing factors for sarcopenia in the elderly female patients with hyperhomocysteinemia(P＜0.05).Conclusion Elevated serum iri-sin and body fat percentage are independent protective factors against sarcopenia in elderly male and female patients with hyperhomocys-teinemia;elevated platelet count is an independent risk factor for sarcopenia in elderly female patients with hyperhomocysteinemia.