Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Based on whole genome data, the identification and expression pattern analysis of the Atropa belladonna WRKY transcription factor family were conducted to provide a theoretical foundation for studying the biological functions and mechanisms of these transcription factors. In this study, bioinformatics methods were employed to identify members of the A. belladonna WRKY gene family and to predict their physicochemical properties, conserved motifs, promoter cis-acting elements, and chromosomal localization. Additionally, the expression patterns of the A. belladonna WRKY gene family under the regulation of environmental factors such as light quality and temperature were analyzed. The results revealed a total of 28 AbWRKY transcription factors, randomly distributed across 16 chromosomes, encoding 324-707 amino acids. Most AbWRKY proteins were acidic, unstable, and hydrophilic. Based on multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis, the WRKY gene family members were classified into two subfamilies. Conserved motif and domain analysis indicated that WRKY transcription factors in the same subfamily possessed conserved structural features. Promoter analysis predicted that the A. belladonna WRKY family contained light-responsive elements, hormone-responsive elements, and stress-responsive elements. Collinearity analysis showed that AbWRKY24 plays a crucial role in the expansion of the AbWRKY gene family. Then qRT-PCR results indicated that AbWRKY6, AbWRKY8, AbWRKY14, and AbWRKY24 responded to red light stress, while AbWRKY8, AbWRKY14, and AbWRKY24 responded to yellow light/low-temperature combined stress. AbWRKY6 and AbWRKY8 were significantly expressed in leaves and stems, AbWRKY27 and AbWRKY28 were significantly expressed in fibrous roots, and AbWRKY25 was significantly expressed in flowers. This study is the first to identify and analyze the WRKY gene family in A. belladonna and to examine its expression patterns under light and temperature regulation, laying a foundation for in-depth analysis and functional validation of the molecular mechanisms of A. belladonna WRKY transcription factors in responding to light quality and temperature environmental factors.
Transcription Factors/chemistry* ; Plant Proteins/metabolism* ; Phylogeny ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Light ; Temperature ; Atropa belladonna/metabolism* ; Multigene Family/genetics* ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics* ; Sequence Alignment ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Genome, Plant/genetics*

Aim To study the effect of baicalin on the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes in human fibroblast like synoviocytes of rheumatoid arthritis ( HFLS-RA) and its mechanism. Methods To confirm that baicalin alleviated the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in HFLS-RA, immunofluorescence was used to observe the expression of NLRP3 before and after baicalin treatment. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of p-PI3K, p-Akt, NF-κB p65, NL-RP3, ASC and caspase-1 after baicalin treatment for 48 h, and ELISA was employed to detect the contents of IL-1 and IL-18 in the supernatents. In order to explore the mechanism of baicalin alleviating the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, double luciferin and Westen blot analysis were applied to verify the corresponding relationship between let-7i-3p and PIK3CA. RT-qPCR was utilized to determine the expression of let-7i-3p and PI3K before and after baicalin intervention. let-7i-3p interference was used to verify whether baicalin mitigated the activation of enhanced NLRP3 inflammasomes. Results Baicalin (50, 100 mg · L

COVID-19 ; Female ; Humans ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug therapy* ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Premature Birth ; Retrospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2

Objective: Several COVID-19 patients have overlapping comorbidities. The independent role of each component contributing to the risk of COVID-19 is unknown, and how some non-cardiometabolic comorbidities affect the risk of COVID-19 remains unclear. Methods: A retrospective follow-up design was adopted. A total of 1,160 laboratory-confirmed patients were enrolled from nine provinces in China. Data on comorbidities were obtained from the patients' medical records. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio ( Results: Overall, 158 (13.6%) patients were diagnosed with severe illness and 32 (2.7%) had unfavorable outcomes. Hypertension (2.87, 1.30-6.32), type 2 diabetes (T2DM) (3.57, 2.32-5.49), cardiovascular disease (CVD) (3.78, 1.81-7.89), fatty liver disease (7.53, 1.96-28.96), hyperlipidemia (2.15, 1.26-3.67), other lung diseases (6.00, 3.01-11.96), and electrolyte imbalance (10.40, 3.00-26.10) were independently linked to increased odds of being severely ill. T2DM (6.07, 2.89-12.75), CVD (8.47, 6.03-11.89), and electrolyte imbalance (19.44, 11.47-32.96) were also strong predictors of unfavorable outcomes. Women with comorbidities were more likely to have severe disease on admission (5.46, 3.25-9.19), while men with comorbidities were more likely to have unfavorable treatment outcomes (6.58, 1.46-29.64) within two weeks. Conclusion Besides hypertension, diabetes, and CVD, fatty liver disease, hyperlipidemia, other lung diseases, and electrolyte imbalance were independent risk factors for COVID-19 severity and poor treatment outcome. Women with comorbidities were more likely to have severe disease, while men with comorbidities were more likely to have unfavorable treatment outcomes.
Adult ; Aged ; COVID-19/virology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Comorbidity ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Severity of Illness Index ; Treatment Outcome

Objective:To investigate the effects and mechanism of Tuina on denervation-induced atrophy. Methods:A total of 42 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group (n = 6), model group (n = 18) and Tuina group (n = 18). The model group and Tuina group freed and excised right tibia nerve about one centimeter, while the sham group freed the right tibia nerve only. From the second day after operation, Tuina group accepted Tuina on the injured area, while the sham group and the model group were only fixed without any intervention. Six rats were sacrificed on the 14th, 21st and 28th day after operation in the model and Tuina groups, and the sham group was sacrificed on the 28th day after operation. The gastrocnemius muscles were measured wet weight ratio. The diameter and area of muscle cells were measured under HE staining. The expression of Pax7, MyoD, MyoG, microRNA-1, microRNA-133a and microRNA-206 in the gastrocnemius muscles were detected with reverse transcription real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results:Compared with the sham group, the wet weight ratio, the area of muscle cells (except the 14-day-Tuina group) and the diameter of muscle cells decreased at each time point in the model group and Tuina group (P < 0.05); compared with the model group, the wet weight ratio, muscle cell diameter and muscle cell area increased at each time point in Tuina group (P < 0.05). Compared with the sham group, the expression of Pax7 increased in the 14-day-model group (P < 0.05) and decreased in the 28-day-model group (P < 0.05), and it increased at each time point (except 28-day) in Tuina group (P < 0.05); compared with the model group, the expression of Pax7 increased at each time point in Tuina group (P < 0.05). Compared with the sham group, the expression of MyoD and MyoG increased at each time point in the model group and Tuina group (P < 0.05); compared with the model group, the expression of MyoD and MyoG increased at each time point (except 14-day) in Tuina group (P < 0.05). Compared with the sham group, the expression of microRNA-1 and microRNA-133a decreased, and microRNA-206 increased in the model group and Tuina group at 21-day (P < 0.05); compared with the model group, the expression of microRNA-1, microRNA-133a and microRNA-206 increased in Tuina group (P < 0.05). Conclusion:Tuina may activate the Pax7/MyoD/MyoG pathway by increasing the expression of muscle-specific microRNA, to promote the proliferation and differentiation of muscle satellite cells, and delay denervation-induced atrophy.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism of catgut embedding at back- points on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in rats based on IKK/IKB/NF-κB signaling pathway and downstream inflammatory factors. METHODS: Eighty SPF SD rats were selected, among them 10 rats were selected divided into a normal group (group A), and the remaining 70 rats were fed with high-fat diet to establish NASH model. At the end of 12 weeks, 10 rats were randomly selected to verify whether the model establishment was successful. Then the remaining 60 rats were randomly divided into a model group (group B), a catgut embedding at back- points group (group C), a catgut embedding at abdominal points group (group D), an acupuncture at back- points group (group E), a sham catgut embedding group (group F) and a western medication group (group G), 10 rats in each group. The rats in the group C were treated with catgut embedding at "Ganshu" (BL 18), "Pishu" (BL 20), "Weishu" (BL 21) and "Shenshu" (BL 23); the rats in the group D were treated with catgut embedding at "Daheng" (SP 15), "Fujie" (SP 14), "Huaroumen" (ST 24) and "Tianshu" (ST 25); the rats in the group E were treated with acupuncture at the same acupoints as the group C; the rats in the group F were treated with catgut embedding at back- points but the needle did not enter subcutaneous tissue gamma; the rats in the group G were treated with intragastric administration of vitamin E capsule. All the treatment was given for 4 weeks. The rats in the group A were fed with normal diet until the end of 16 weeks without any intervention. The rats in the group B continued to be fed with high-fat diet until the end of 16 weeks. After the intervention, the liver index was calculated; the liver histomorphology was observed by HE staining; the liver function [alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transferase (γ-GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP)] and blood lipid [serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL)] were measured by serum biochemistry. The serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1βwere detected by ELISA, and the expressions of IKK-α, NF-κBp65, IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α proteins in liver tissue were detected by Western blot. The temperature of the conception vessel and the governor vessel was measured by infrared thermography. RESULTS: Compared with the group A, the obvious steatosis and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in the group B, and the body weight, liver wet-weight and liver index were all increased (<0.01). Compared with the group B, the liver tissue morphology in the group C, the group D, the group E and the group G was improved in varying degrees, and the liver index was decreased (<0.05), which was the most significant in the group C (<0.05). Compared with the group A, the ALT, γ-GGT, ALP, TG, TC, LDL, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β were all increased in the group B (<0.01); compared with the group B, the ALT, γ-GGT, ALP, TG, TC, LDL, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in all intervention groups were all decreased in varying degrees (<0.01, <0.05), which was the most significant in the group C (<0.01). Compare with the group A, the expressions of IKK-α, NF-κBp65, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1βproteins in the group B were all increased (<0.01); compared with the group B, the expressions of IKK-α, NF-κBp65, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1βproteins in all intervention groups were decreased in varying degrees (<0.05), which was the most significant in the group C (<0.01). Compared with the group A, the temperature of the conception vessel and governor vessel was decreased in the group B (<0.01). Compared with the group B, the temperature of the conception vessel and governor vessel was all increased in the group C, the group D and the group E (<0.01); the temperature of the conception vessel in the group C was similar to that in the group D (>0.05), while the temperature of the governor vessel in the group C was superior to that in the group D (<0.05). CONCLUSION The catgut embedding at back- points might inhibit the activation of IKK/IKB/NF-κB signaling pathway to interrupt the inflammatory cascade, and reduce the "second hit" of inflammatory factors on liver, which could slow down NASH progress and prevent and treat NASH.
Acupuncture Points ; Animals ; Catgut ; NF-kappa B ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Transduction

Muscle loses normal function after skeletal muscle atrophy that will greatly reduce the quality of personal life. There is no effective way to treat muscle atrophy currently. microRNA (miRNA) as a small molecule of non-coding RNA brings new hope for the treatment of muscular atrophy. The mechanism of miRNA regulating muscle atrophy mainly includes: regulating abnormal muscle protein metabolism by ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and mammalian target of rapamycin pathway (IGF/PI3K/Akt/mTOR), inhibiting abnormal apoptosis of muscle cells by inhibiting the expression of apoptotic factors, promoting muscle regeneration by regulating myogenic factor expression, and promoting angiogenesis by promoting the expression of angiogenic factors, and so on.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutic effects of massage on denervated skeletal muscle atrophy in rats and its mechanism. METHODS: Forty-eight male SD rats were randomly divided into model group (n=24) and massage group (n=24). Gastrocnemius muscle atrophy model was established by transecting the right tibial nerve of rat. On the second day after operation, the gastrocnemius muscle of the rats in the massage group was given manual intervention and the model group was not intervened. Six rats were sacrificed at the four time points of 0 d, 7 d, 14 d and 21 d. The gastrocnemius of the rats were obtained and measured the wet mass ratio after weighing. Cross-sectional area and diameter of the muscle fiber were measured after HE staining. The relative expressions of miR-23a, Akt, MuRF1 and MAFbx mRNA were tested with qPCR. RESULTS: Compared with 0 d, the wet weight ratio, cross-sectional area and diameter of gastrocnemius muscle showed a progressive decline in the model group and massage group. The wet weight ratio, cross-sectional area and diameter of gastrocnemius muscle in the massage group were higher than those in the model group on 7 d, 14 d and 21 d (P＜0.05, P＜0.01). Compared with 0 d, the expressions of MuRF1, MAFbx and Akt mRNA were increased first and then were decreased in the model group and massage group. The expression of MuRF1 mRNA in massage group was lower than that in model group on 7 d and 21 d (P＜0.05, P＜0.01). The expression of MAFbx mRNA in massage group was lower than that in model group on 7 d, 14 d and 21 d (P＜0.01, P＜0.05, P＜0.01). The expression of Akt mRNA in massage group was higher than that in model group on 7 d, 14 d and 21 d (P＜0.05, P＜0.01). Compared with 0 d, the expression of miR-23a mRNA was increased in the model group and massage group on 21 d, and the expression of miR-23a mRNA in massage group was higher than that in model group (P＜ 0.05). CONCLUSION Massage can delay the atrophy of denervated skeletal muscle. The mechanism may be related to up-regulation of the expression of miR-23a and Akt mRNA, down-regulation of the expressions of MuRF1 and MAFbx mRNA, inhibition of protein degradation rate, and reduction of skeletal muscle protein degradation.
Animals ; Male ; Massage ; MicroRNAs ; metabolism ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal ; Muscle Proteins ; metabolism ; Muscle, Skeletal ; physiopathology ; Muscular Atrophy ; therapy ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases ; metabolism ; Tripartite Motif Proteins ; metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases ; metabolism