Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease(CJD)is a rapidly progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by prions,with certain infectivity and iatrogenic transmission risks.With the rapid progress and application of new dia-gnostic biomarkers and detection methods,as well as the construction and improvement of surveillance and reporting systems,the detection of CJD in patients domestically and internationally has shown an increasing trend year by year.Due to its long incubation period and heterogeneity of early symptoms,early identification and diagnosis of the disease is difficult,increasing the risk of transmission within medical institutions.Currently,there is a lack of con-sensus on the infection prevention and control of CJD.In order to timely identify and diagnose CJD as well as effec-tively block its transmission in medical institutions,this consensus summarizes 15 clinical concerns and formulates 24 specific recommendations based on the latest domestic and international research findings and clinical evidence,as well as combines with clinical practice,aiming to standardize healthcare-associated infection prevention and control measures for CJD and reduce its transmission risk in medical institutions.

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease(CJD)is a rapidly progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by prions,with certain infectivity and iatrogenic transmission risks.With the rapid progress and application of new dia-gnostic biomarkers and detection methods,as well as the construction and improvement of surveillance and reporting systems,the detection of CJD in patients domestically and internationally has shown an increasing trend year by year.Due to its long incubation period and heterogeneity of early symptoms,early identification and diagnosis of the disease is difficult,increasing the risk of transmission within medical institutions.Currently,there is a lack of con-sensus on the infection prevention and control of CJD.In order to timely identify and diagnose CJD as well as effec-tively block its transmission in medical institutions,this consensus summarizes 15 clinical concerns and formulates 24 specific recommendations based on the latest domestic and international research findings and clinical evidence,as well as combines with clinical practice,aiming to standardize healthcare-associated infection prevention and control measures for CJD and reduce its transmission risk in medical institutions.

Objective:To compare the efficacy and safety of cold-endoscopic mucosal resection (C-EMR) and hot-endoscopic mucosal resection (H-EMR) for the treatment of colorectal polyps sized 10-20mm.Methods:Patients who underwent colonoscopy at the Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Center of the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University from January 2022 to January 2023 were selected as the research subjects. Patients meeting the inclusion criteria with at least one 10-20 mm, Paris type Ⅰs, type Ⅱa polyp were selected. They were divided into C-EMR group (no high-frequency current treatment) and H-EMR group (high-frequency electrical polyp removal) based on the random number table method. The main outcome measures were the complete resection rate of polyps, the incidence of postoperative complications (bleeding, perforation and infection), and the recurrence rate of polyps in the two groups. Secondary outcomes were the procedure time and cost-effectiveness.Results:A total of 209 eligible polyps were found in 209 patients, 105 in the C-EMR group (105 patients) and 104 in the H-EMR group (104 patients). There was no significant difference in the complete removal rate of polyps [91.4% (96/105) VS 95.2% (99/104), χ2=1.184, P=0.276], the recurrence rate of polyps [2.9% (3/105) VS 1.9% (2/104), χ2=0.195, P=0.683] or the incidence of complications [5.7% (6/105) VS 1.9% (2/104), χ2=2.040, P=0.280] between the C-EMR group and the H-EMR group. Compared with H-EMR group, the operation time of C-EMR group was shorter (5.26±2.41 min VS 9.34±5.63 min, t=-8.478, P<0.001), and the number of titanium clips used was fewer (2.55±0.94 VS 3.94±1.14, t=-9.623, P<0.001), and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant. The cost of polypectomy was lower in the C-EMR group than that in the H-EMR group (2 720±452 yuan VS 3 031±293 yuan), but the difference was not stastistically significant（ t=-5.896， P=0.651）. Conclusion:C-EMR demonstrates non-inferior efficacy and safety in treating 10-20 mm colorectal polyps compared with H-EMR. Widespread adoption of C-EMR may lead to reduced healthcare costs and expenditures.

Objective To develop measurement instruments of dynamic capabilities for public hospitals,providing a reference for the evaluation and enhancement of their dynamic capabilities.Methods The initial construction of the measurement instruments of dynamic capabilities for public hospitals was based on literature review and focused group discussions.Two rounds of expert consultation were conducted using the Delphi method,and the reliability and validity of the questionnaire was initially examined through pre-survey.Results The effective response rates for both rounds of consultation were above 85％,with high positive coefficient,the authority coefficients greater than 0.8,and variation coefficients less than 0.25,indicating a high level of consensus among experts.Furthermore,the reliability and validity are acceptable.After integrating expert feedback,the measurement instruments of dynamic capabilities for public hospitals were finalized,encompassing four dimensions:sensing,learning,integration capability,and innovation capabilities.Conclusion The measurement instruments of dynamic capabilities for public hospitals,developed based on the Delphi method,can be applied in the practice of evaluating and enhancing the dynamic capabilities of public hospitals.

Objective To analyze the occurrence and risk factors of needlestick and sharps injuries(NSIs)among oral health care workers(HCWs).Methods NSIs reported by West China Hospital of Stomatology from 2020 to 2023 were collected,and factors relevant to NSIs were analyzed.Results A total of 391 cases of NSIs were repor-ted.Only one case of injury was caused by a sterile device,while the remaining 390 cases were caused by contamina-ted devices.There were 85,107,113,and 86 cases in 2020,2021,2022,and 2023,respectively.Most NSIs oc-curred among interns(n=235,60.1％).294 cases(75.2％)of NSIs occurred among HCWs who had less than 3 years of clinical experience.The distribution of NSIs among 235 interns in different months showed that NSIs ac-counted for a relatively high proportion from April to June and July to September,and the difference was statistica-lly significant(P＜0.05).The ventral side of the left thumb was the most common site of NSIs(n=53,13.6％),followed by the ventral side of the right index finger(n=45,11.5％)and the ventral side of the left index finger(n=44,11.3％).The most common devices involved in NSIs were various types of syringe needles(n=84,21.5％),followed by various types of dental burs(n=76,19.4％)and suture needles(n=49,12.5％).Injuries mainly oc-curred during the treatment process(n=212,54.2％)and in the department of endodontics(n=86,22.0％).This study didn't find any occupational bloodborne infection case caused by NSIs.Conclusion NSIs mainly occur among inexperienced oral interns,and devices causing NSIs are related to the treatment process.

Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of Wenshen Chushi Decoction combined with low intensity pulsed ultra-sound(LIPUS)on erectile dysfunction(ED)caused by renal deficiency and phlegm-dampness syndrome.Methods:One hundred and twenty ED patients were included from the Department of Andrology in the First Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.The patients in control group were treated with Wenshen Chushi Decoction.While the patients in observation group were trea-ted with Wenshen Chushi Decoction combined with LIPUS for 8 consecutive weeks.After the treatment,the efficacy was evaluated using the International Index of Erectile Function-5(IIEF-5)score,Penile Flow Index(PFI),Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Score,Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS)score,and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)score.Safety was also observed.And the ef-ficacy was followed up 4 weeks after the end of treatment.Results:Fifty-seven cases were enrolled into control group finally with 55 cases in the treatment group.After the treatment,all the patients in both of groups showed an improvement in IIEF-5 scores(P＜0.01).Compared with the control group(19.09±2.22),the IIEF-5 score in observation group(20.42±2.39)increased signifi-cantly(P＜0.01).After the treatment,the scores of PFI,TCM syndrome and SDS in both groups decreased(P＜0.01,P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Compared with the control group([3.77±1.21],[9.91±1.71]and[39.88±2.63]points),the observation group([2.92±1.08],[4.78±1.45],and[34.51±2.09]points)showed a more significant decrease(P＜0.01).There was no significant difference in total effective rate between the two groups(P＞0.05).During follow-up,the IIEF-5 scores of both groups of patients were higher than those before(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),and the observation group score was higher than that in the control group([17.15±3.37]vs[13.63±1.96],P＜0.01).No adverse reaction and abnormality of indicators occurred in both of two groups.Conclusion:Wenshen Chushi Decoction has a significant therapeutic effect on ED caused by renal deficiency and phlegm-dampness syndrome.It can not only improve the quality of erection,but also improve the physical and mental symptoms associated with ED,which makes therapeutic effect lasting longer.

Objective To understand the current situation of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in China,pro-vide data support and decision-making basis for formulating scientific and effective strategies for HAI prevention and control.Methods A nationwide cross-sectional survey on HAI was conducted among various types and levels of medical institutions in China according to a unified protocol of bedside surveys and case investigations.Results In 2024,a total of 5 736 medical institutions and 2 751 765 patients were surveyed.Among them,34 889 HAI cases were identified,with a prevalence rate of 1.27％.The number of HAI episodes was 38 032,and case prevalence rate was 1.38％.The prevalence rate of HAI in medical institutions in different regions of China ranged from 0.66％to 2.35％.Among medical institutions of different scales,those with a bed capacity of ≥900 had the high-est incidence of HAI,reaching 1.65％.The most common infection site was the lower respiratory tract(44.66％),followed by the urinary tract(12.94％),surgical site(9.32％),upper respiratory tract(7.02％),and bloodstream infection(5.78％).The top 3 departments with the highest HAI rates were the general intensive care unit(10.02％),department of neurosurgery(5.51％),and department(group)of hematology(5.34％).A total of 23 238 strains of HAI pathogens were detected,with 10 714 strains(46.10％)from lower respiratory tract speci-mens.The top 5 detected strains were Klebsiella pneumoniae(14.76％),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(13.33％),Escherichia coli(12.79％),Acinetobacter baumannii(9.23％),and Staphylococcus aureus(7.88％).231 944 pa-tients underwent class Ⅰ incision surgery were monitored,with 1 647 cases experienced surgical site infection,and the prevalence rate of surgical site infection was 0.71％.The number of patients who should undergo pathogen de-tection(patients receiving therapeutic and therapeutic combined prophylactic antimicrobial agents)was 715 179,while the actual number was 480 492,with a pathogen detection rate of 67.18％.425 225 patients received patho-genic detection before treatment,with a detection rate of 59.46％.Conclusion The overall HAI prevalence in Chi-na is lower,showing disparities among medical institutions of different regions and scales.Therefore,precise imple-mentation of measures is necessary for HAI prevention and control,with a focus on high-risk institutions and high-risk departments,key areas,and critical procedures.All levels of medical institutions should continuously reduce the incidence of HAI by strengthening monitoring,standardizing the use of antimicrobial agents,and reinforcing basic HAI prevention and control measures.

Objective To analyze the occurrence and risk factors of needlestick and sharps injuries(NSIs)among oral health care workers(HCWs).Methods NSIs reported by West China Hospital of Stomatology from 2020 to 2023 were collected,and factors relevant to NSIs were analyzed.Results A total of 391 cases of NSIs were repor-ted.Only one case of injury was caused by a sterile device,while the remaining 390 cases were caused by contamina-ted devices.There were 85,107,113,and 86 cases in 2020,2021,2022,and 2023,respectively.Most NSIs oc-curred among interns(n=235,60.1％).294 cases(75.2％)of NSIs occurred among HCWs who had less than 3 years of clinical experience.The distribution of NSIs among 235 interns in different months showed that NSIs ac-counted for a relatively high proportion from April to June and July to September,and the difference was statistica-lly significant(P＜0.05).The ventral side of the left thumb was the most common site of NSIs(n=53,13.6％),followed by the ventral side of the right index finger(n=45,11.5％)and the ventral side of the left index finger(n=44,11.3％).The most common devices involved in NSIs were various types of syringe needles(n=84,21.5％),followed by various types of dental burs(n=76,19.4％)and suture needles(n=49,12.5％).Injuries mainly oc-curred during the treatment process(n=212,54.2％)and in the department of endodontics(n=86,22.0％).This study didn't find any occupational bloodborne infection case caused by NSIs.Conclusion NSIs mainly occur among inexperienced oral interns,and devices causing NSIs are related to the treatment process.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Objective:To compare the efficacy and safety of cold-endoscopic mucosal resection (C-EMR) and hot-endoscopic mucosal resection (H-EMR) for the treatment of colorectal polyps sized 10-20mm.Methods:Patients who underwent colonoscopy at the Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Center of the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University from January 2022 to January 2023 were selected as the research subjects. Patients meeting the inclusion criteria with at least one 10-20 mm, Paris type Ⅰs, type Ⅱa polyp were selected. They were divided into C-EMR group (no high-frequency current treatment) and H-EMR group (high-frequency electrical polyp removal) based on the random number table method. The main outcome measures were the complete resection rate of polyps, the incidence of postoperative complications (bleeding, perforation and infection), and the recurrence rate of polyps in the two groups. Secondary outcomes were the procedure time and cost-effectiveness.Results:A total of 209 eligible polyps were found in 209 patients, 105 in the C-EMR group (105 patients) and 104 in the H-EMR group (104 patients). There was no significant difference in the complete removal rate of polyps [91.4% (96/105) VS 95.2% (99/104), χ2=1.184, P=0.276], the recurrence rate of polyps [2.9% (3/105) VS 1.9% (2/104), χ2=0.195, P=0.683] or the incidence of complications [5.7% (6/105) VS 1.9% (2/104), χ2=2.040, P=0.280] between the C-EMR group and the H-EMR group. Compared with H-EMR group, the operation time of C-EMR group was shorter (5.26±2.41 min VS 9.34±5.63 min, t=-8.478, P<0.001), and the number of titanium clips used was fewer (2.55±0.94 VS 3.94±1.14, t=-9.623, P<0.001), and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant. The cost of polypectomy was lower in the C-EMR group than that in the H-EMR group (2 720±452 yuan VS 3 031±293 yuan), but the difference was not stastistically significant（ t=-5.896， P=0.651）. Conclusion:C-EMR demonstrates non-inferior efficacy and safety in treating 10-20 mm colorectal polyps compared with H-EMR. Widespread adoption of C-EMR may lead to reduced healthcare costs and expenditures.