ObjectiveTo collate and compare the characteristics and differences in the methods for constructing animal models of different subtypes of gastroesophageal reflux disease （GERD） based on literature， providing a reference for researchers in this field regarding animal model construction. MethodsExperimental studies related to GERD including reflux esophagitis （RE）， nonerosive reflux disease （NERD） and Barrett's esophagus （BE） model construction from January 1， 2014 to January 27， 2024， were retrieved from databases such as CNKI， Wanfang， VIP， Web of Science， and Pubmed. Information on animal strains， genders， modeling methods including disease-syndrome combination models， modeling cycles were extracted； for studies with model evaluation， the methods of model evaluation were also extracted； then analyzing all those information. ResultsA total of 182 articles were included. SD rats were most frequently selected when inducing animal models of RE （88/148， 59.46%） and NERD （9/14， 64.29%）. For BE， C57BL/6 mice were most commonly used （11/20， 55.00%）. Male animals （RE： 111/135， 82.22%； NERD： 11/14， 78.57%； BE： 10/12， 83.33%） were the most common gender among the three subtypes. The key to constructing RE animal models lies in structural damage to the esophageal mucosal layer， gastric content reflux， or mixed reflux， among which forestomach ligation + incomplete pylorus ligation （42/158， 26.58%） was the most common modeling method； the key to constructing NERD animal models lies in micro-inflammation of the esophageal mucosa， visceral hypersensitivity， and emotional problems， and intraperitoneal injection of a mixed suspension of ovalbumin and aluminum hydroxide combined with acid perfusion in the lower esophagus （8/14， 57.14%） was the most common modeling method； the key to constructing BE animal models lies in long-term inflammatory stimulation of the esophageal mucosa and bile acid reflux， and constructing interleukin 2-interleukin 1β transgenic mice （7/25， 28.00%） was the most common modeling method. Adverse psychological stress was the most common method for inducing liver depression. ConclusionsThe construction key principles and methodologies for RE， NERD， and BE animal models exhibit significant differences. Researchers should select appropriate models based on subtype characteristics （e.g.， RE focusing on structural damage， NERD emphasizing visceral hypersensitivity）. Current studies show insufficient exploration of traditional Chinese medicine disease-syndrome combination models. Future research needs to optimize syndrome modeling approaches （e.g.， composite etiology simulation） and establish integrated Chinese-Western medicine evaluation systems to better support mechanistic investigations of traditional Chinese medicine.

Lung transplantation is the ultimate therapeutic option for end-stage pulmonary diseases such as interstitial pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pneumoconiosis. Currently, the shortage of allogeneic lung donors significantly limits the opportunity for end-stage lung disease patients to receive lung transplantation. In recent years, with the rapid development of biomedical engineering technologies, especially the major breakthroughs in genetic modification and cloning, xenogeneic lung transplantation has shown important potential for clinical translation. Among them, genetically modified pigs have become the most promising xenogeneic lung source due to the close similarity of organ size and physiological characteristics to humans, and the ability to perform targeted gene knockouts (such as α-Gal antigen knockout) to reduce the occurrence of hyperacute rejection. This article focuses on the research progress of porcine xenogeneic lung transplantation, systematically reviews the latest achievements and challenges in animal experiments and human trials, and introduces the technical experience accumulated by Shenzhen Third People's Hospital in the porcine-to-monkey xenogeneic lung transplantation model, in the hope of providing practical references for future research in this field.

Objective:To explore the risk factors and etiological characteristics of urinary tract infection caused by urinary calculi in eastern Fujian region,in order to attract clinical attention and improve the prevention and treatment of urinary tract infection caused by urinary calculi.Methods:A total of 154 patients with urinary calculi admitted to Ningde People's Hospital(n=80)and Ningde Mindong Hospital(n=74)from November 2022 to October 2023 were selected as the main research objects.According to whether the patients had urinary tract infection,they were divided into infection group and non-infection group.The baseline data of the two groups were analyzed in detail,and the risk factors and pathogen distribution of urinary tract infection in patients with urinary calculi were analyzed.Results:There were 33 cases of urinary tract infection in 154 patients with urinary calculi,accounting for 21.43％.Univariate analysis showed that the urinary white blood cell count in the infection group was higher than that in the non-infection group,and the proportion of patients with effusion,urinary tract obstruction,calculi in the upper urinary tract,staghorn calculi,smoking history,diabetes,and urinary nitrite positive was higher than that in the uninfected group(P＜0.05).The results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that effusion,urinary tract obstruction,staghorn calculi,smoking history,diabetes,high urine white blood cell count and positive urine nitrite were independent risk factors for urinary tract infection in patients with urinary calculi(OR＞1,P＜0.05).A total of 33 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 33 patients in the infection group.Among them,23 strains(69.70％)were gram-negative bacteria,8 strains(24.24％)were gram-positive bacteria,and 2 strains(6.06％)were fungi.Among gram-negative bacteria,escherichia coli accounted for the highest proportion(48.48％),followed by klebsiella pneumoniae(9.09％).Among gram-positive bacteria,enterococcus faecalis accounted for the highest proportion(12.12％),followed by enterococcus faecium(6.06％).Candida and candida tropicalis in fungi was the same,accounted for 3.03％.Conclusion:The risk of urinary tract infection in patients with urinary calculi in eastern Fujian region is high.Effusion,urinary tract obstruction,staghorn calculi,smoking history,diabetes,high urine white blood cell count and positive urine nitrite are independent risk factors for urinary tract infection in patients with urinary calculi.The main urinary tract pathogens are gram-negative bacteria.

BACKGROUND:Percutaneous curved vertebroplasty has the advantages of minimal trauma and bone cement dispersion,but whether it is safe and effective for the treatment of compression fractures in the upper 1/3 of the vertebral body needs further study.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the clinical efficacy of percutaneous curved vertebroplasty in the treatment of the upper 1/3 compression fractures of the osteoporotic vertebrae.METHODS:Medical records of 66 patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar upper 1/3 compression fracture admitted to Department of Orthopedics of PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center from January 2020 to June 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.Among them,32 cases were treated with percutaneous curved vertebroplasty(observation group)and 34 cases were treated with"noncoplanar bipedicular puncture"percutaneous vertebroplasty(control group).Pain visual analog scale score,Oswestry Disability Index,anterior edge height of injured vertebra,and Cobb angle of injured vertebra were compared and analyzed between the two groups before surgery,the first day after surgery,and the last follow-up.The operative time,bone cement leakage rate,bone cement injection volume,and bone cement dispersion score of the two groups were statistically analyzed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The operations were successfully completed in both groups of patients,and no complications such as bone cement allergy,bone cement embolism,nerve damage,or epidural hematoma occurred.(2)Pain visual analog scale score,Oswestry disability index,anterior edge height,and Cobb angle of injured vertebra of the two groups at the first day after surgery and the last follow-up were all better than those before surgery,with statistically significant difference(P＜0.05),but there was no statistical significance between the two groups(P＞0.05).The Oswestry disability index of the two groups at the last follow-up was better than that on the first day after surgery(P＜0.05).(3)The operation time and bone cement leakage rate of the observation group were lower than those of the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).(4)There were no significant differences in bone cement injection volume and bone cement dispersion score between the two groups(P＞0.05).(5)The results show that percutaneous curved vertebroplasty in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebrae compression fractures in the upper 1/3 of the vertebral body can effectively relieve pain,maintain vertebral height,and reduce operative time and bone cement leakage rate.

Objective:We aimed to explore the effect of exercise on cardiac function and APJ system in old mice.Meth-ods:Male C57/BL6 mice were divided into young group(n=30),old control group(n=30),old continuous moderate-intensity training(CMIT)group(n=30),and old high-intensity interval training(HIIT)group(n=30).Mice in the CMIT group and HIIT group underwent 8-week exercise intervention,respectively.Mice in the young group and old con-trol group were placed on stationary treadmill simultaneously.The heart function parameters were measured,and the ex-pression of APJ/Apelin in myocardium and circulating Apelin/Elabela were compared among above-mentioned groups.Results:Compared yo mice in old control group,those in the CMIT group and HIIT group had significant higher left ven-tricular ejection fraction[(67.74±6.18)％,(70.69±7.43)％vs.(61.17±4.78)％]and left ventricular fractional short-ening[(33.07±4.29)％,(33.37±5.57)％vs.(28.05±3.61)％](P＜0.05 or＜0.01);and significant lower Tei index[(0.78±0.09),(0.78±0.12)vs.(0.88±0.08)]and left ventricular posterior wall thickness at diastole[(1.01±0.09)mm,(1.02±0.10)mm vs.(1.19±0.14)mm](P＜0.05all).Compared to mice in old control group,those in the HIIT group had significant higher mitral valve E/A ratio[(1.63±0.11)vs.(1.42±0.18),P=0.043].Compared to mice in old control group,those in the HIIT group had significant higher expressions of APJ and Apelin in myocardium,as well as the levels of Apelin[(1186.23±393.74)pg/ml vs.(413.17±80.81)pg/ml]and Elabela[(5.38±2.76)ng/ml vs.(1.57±0.60)ng/ml]in the serum(P＜0.05 or＜0.01).Conclusion:Long-term exercise initiated late in life could im-prove heart function of mice.The APJ-Apelin/Elabela system may be involved in the exercise-mediated improvement of cardiac aging.

Fucoidan(FUC)is a natural seaweed-derived drug.Previously,our experiments have shown that FUC can significantly inhibit the cell viability of human osteosarcoma 143B cells and induce cell death,but the mechanism remains unclear.Ferroptosis,a novel form of cell death,has emerged as an important target for tumor therapy.This study aims to investigate whether FUC induces ferroptosis of 143B cells and elucidate its underlying molecular mechanisms.CCK-8 and LDH assays result showed that FUC(10,100,400 μg/mL)significantly reduced cell viability of 143B cells and induced cell death.Calce-in-AM staining,FeRhoNox-1 staining,and C11 BODIPY 581/591 staining indicated that FUC obviously increased the levels of labile iron pool(LIP),Fe2+,and lipid reactive oxygen species(Lip ROS)in 143B cells.Chemical colorimetric analysis revealed that FUC markedly decreased intracellular Glutathi-one(GSH)contents.Real-time quantitative PCR showed that FUC dramatically reduced the mRNA lev-els of ferroptosis-related factors solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11)and glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4),while increasing the mRNA levels of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2(PTGS2)and acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4(ACSL4).Western blotting analysis demonstrated that FUC significantly reduced the protein levels of SLC7A11 and GPX4,and the ratios of p-PI3K/PI3K,p-AktSer473/Akt,and p-AktThr308/Akt,but increased the protein level of ACSL4.Immunofluorescence staining showed that FUC obviously inhibited the nuclear translocation of p-AktSer473.The ferroptosis in-hibitor ferrostatin-1(Fer-1)and iron chelator deferoxamine(DFO)remarkably suppressed cell death in-duced by FUC in 143B cells.Additionally,the PI3K/Akt pathway activator 740Y-P significantly inhibi-ted FUC-induced iron overload and lipid peroxidation in 143B cells,and restored the protein levels of SLC7A11 and GPX4.In conclusion,FUC can induce ferroptosis of 143B cells by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway,which may be a potential target for the prevention and treatment of osteosarcoma.

Objectives:To investigate the predictive value of the hemoglobin to serum creatinine ratio(Hb/SCr)for all-cause mortality within 3 years after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI).Methods:A total of 687 STEMI patients who successfully underwent the first PCI at the Department of Cardiology,Gansu Provincial People's Hospital,from June 2016 to June 2020 were retrospectively enrolled.Patients were divided into survival and non-survival groups according to their vital status at 3 years post-PCI.Cox regression analysis was performed to identify predictive factors of all-cause mortality.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were constructed to evaluate the predictive value of Hb/SCr for all-cause mortality,and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to compare cumulative survival rates between subgroups stratified by Hb/SCr levels.Results:The median follow-up duration was 37(25,50)months.Among the 663 patients(96.51%)with complete follow-up data,41 cases(6.18%)experiencing all-cause death.Multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that age(HR=1.086,95%CI:1.037-1.137,P=0.000),body mass index(HR=1.195,95%CI:1.128-1.266,P=0.000),fasting blood glucose(HR=1.069,95%CI:1.007-1.135,P=0.030),fibrinogen(HR=1.418,95%CI:1.120-1.795,P=0.004),TIMI flow grade 1(HR=4.968,95%CI:1.194-20.667,P=0.028),TIMI flow grade 2(HR=3.861,95%CI:1.336-11.156,P=0.013),and Hb/SCr(HR=0.858,95%CI:0.766-0.961,P=0.008)were the independent predictors of all-cause mortality.ROC curve analysis demonstrated that the area under the curve(AUC)of Hb/SCr was 0.721(95%CI:0.645-0.798)for predicting all-cause mortality,with a sensitivity of 65.9%and specificity of 71.2%,at the optimal cut-offvalue of 16.627.Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with Hb/SCr<16.627 had significantly lower survival rates than those with Hb/SCr≥16.627(log-rank P=0.000).Conclusions:Hb/SCr is an independent predictor of 3-year all-cause mortality in STEMI patients after PCI and this indicator could be used as risk stratification parameter and patients with lower Hb/SCr might benefit comprehensive post-PCI management to improve their outcome.

Objective To investigate the distribution of A subgroups in the A and AB blood type populations among voluntary blood donors in Zhongshan,study the antigen-antibody characteristics of A subgroups,establish a local A subgroup database,and support the development of precision medicine.Methods ABO subgroup screening was performed using the microplate method.Specimens negative for monoclonal anti-A1 reactivity underwent sequencing of exons 1～7 of the ABO gene to confirm genotypes.Cryopreservation and thawing of glycerolized subgroup red blood cells(RBCs),as well as preservation efficacy of concentrated human-derived antibodies with preservatives,were studied.Results Among 1 212 blood donor specimens,28 subgroup specimens were identified,with a prevalence of 1.54%(15/971)in blood type A and 5.39%(13/241)in blood type AB.Sequencing of 10 specimens revealed 7 ABO genotypes:ABO*A2.01/O.01.02(2 cases),ABO*A1.02/B.01(3 cases),ABO*BA.02/O.01.02,ABO*AW.31.02-05/A2.05,ABO*A2.05/B.01,ABO*A2new/O.01.01,and ABO*A1.02/O.01.01(1 case each).Additionally,one rare allele mutation(c.700C>G)and one novel allele mutation(c.203G>T)(GenBank accession number:PQ152337)were identified.Human anti-A1 antibodies with a titer of 8 were successfully concentrated.Optimal preservation conditions included 0.1%preservative concentration and cryopreserved subgroup RBCs stored at 4℃for 3 days post-thaw.Conclusion The predominant A subgroups in Zhongshan donors are A2 and B(A).A preliminary database for A2 and A2B subgroups is established,along with the discovery of a novel ABO allele mutation.Cryopreservation with glycerol,PEG antibody concentration,and ProClin 300 preservative demonstrate effective applications in preserving ABO blood group antigens and antibodies.

Objective:Systematically integrate the real experience and multi-dimensional needs of patients with breast cancer related lymphedema (BCRL) in the process of self-management to provide reference for clinical development of targeted and systematic interventions.Methods:Computer searches were conducted on qualitative studies on the real experiences, psychological feelings, and multidimensional needs of BCRL patients during self-management in databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP Database, Wanfang Database, China Biomedical Literature Database, CINAHL, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and PsycINFO. The search period was from database establishment to January 31, 2024. According to the qualitative research quality evaluation criteria of the Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence Based Healthcare Center in Australia, the quality of literature was evaluated, and the results were analyzed and integrated using a pooled integration method.Results:A total of 10 articles were included, and 44 research results were extracted. Similar results were classified into 10 categories and synthesized into 3 integrated results, highlighting the difficulties and challenges encountered; need external multidimensional support and assistance; seeking a new normal and perceiving its benefits.Conclusions:BCRL patients face physical and mental challenges in their lifelong self-management process. Hospitals, society, and related institutions should attach importance to and pay attention to the needs, burdens, and beneficial experiences of patients, provide them with more professional guidance and supervision, and collaborate with families and peers to provide support and encouragement, helping patients reduce negative emotions and strengthen coping abilities, thereby improving overall quality of life.

Objective:Systematic evaluation and integration of the real experience of dietary restriction in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, providing reference for the development of targeted intervention strategies.Methods:Qualitative studies on the dietary restriction experience of patients with inflammatory bowel disease retrieved from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, VIP, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database using computer search. The search period was from the establishment of the database to May 31, 2024. According to the Australian Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence Based Healthcare Center Qualitative Research Quality Evaluation Criteria, the quality of included literature was evaluated, and the results were subjected to meta-analysis using a pooled integration method.Results:A total of 9 studies were included, and 36 research results were extracted and summarized into 9 categories. Then, three integrated results were further synthesized, namely physical and mental impairment and social limitation; change attitude and actively explore; seeking external support to promote beneficial growth.Conclusions:Dietary restrictions for inflammatory bowel disease have various impacts on patients. Medical staff should focus on the nutritional status and emotional needs of patients, and provide multidimensional social support based on their actual dietary management experience. They should develop patient-centered personalized intervention measures to help patients achieve more scientific and effective dietary management and improve their overall quality of life.