[Objective] To analyze the prevalence of human T-lymphocyte leukemia virus (HTLV) among blood donors in Guangzhou from 2016 to 2021, and provide a basis for blood collection and supply management in this region. [Methods] A total of 2 116 951 voluntary blood donors were screened for anti-HTLV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from March 2016 to December 2021 in Guangzhou, and the reactive cases were further confirmed by Western blotting (WB). Qualitative data were analyzed by χ2 with spss19 software. The trend of the total positive rate of HTLV confirmation test by WB from 2016 to 2021 was analyzed with the Joinpoint software, and the annual percent change (APC) was used to determine whether the trend changes were statistically significant. [Results] From March 2016 to December 2021, the total positive rate for anti-HTLV by ELISA among voluntary blood donors in Guangzhou was 0.019 7% (416/ 2116 951), and the WB confirmed positive rate was 0.001 1% (23/2 116 951). The total positive rate of HTLV among individual voluntary blood donors in the six main districts (0.002 12%, 19/895 301) was higher than that among group voluntary blood donors (0.000 32%, 3/951 947) (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the total positive rate of HTLV confirmation between the six main districts (0.001 19%) and the three non-main districts (0.000 37%) (P>0.05). The trend of the total positive rate of HTLV infection in the six main districts and the Guangzhou area(including the six main districts and three non-main districts) showed no significant increase or decrease. [Conclusion] The prevalence of HTLV among blood donors in Guangzhou remains at a low level.

OBJECTIVE: Blood culture remains the gold standard for diagnosing bloodstream infections. Clinical laboratories must ensure the quality of blood culture processes from receipt to obtaining definitive results. We examined laboratory analytical indicators associated with positive blood culture results. METHODS: Blood cultures collected from Peking Union Medical College Hospital between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2022, were retrospectively analyzed. The mode of transportation (piping logistics delivery vs. staff), source of blood cultures (outpatient/emergency department vs. inpatient department), rotation of personnel, and time of reception (8:00-19:59 vs. 20:00-07:59) were compared between blood culture-positive and -negative results. RESULTS: Between 2020 and 2022, the total positive rate of blood culture was 8.07%. The positive rate of blood cultures in the outpatient/emergency department was significantly higher than that in the inpatient department (12.46% vs. 5.83%; P < 0.0001). The time-to-detection of blood cultures was significantly affected by the delivery mode and personnel rotation. The blood culture positive rate of the total pre-analytical time within 1 h was significantly higher than that within 1-2 h or > 2 h ( P < 0.0170). CONCLUSION Laboratory analytical indicators such as patient source, transportation mode, and personnel rotation significantly impacted the positive detection rate or time of blood culture.
Blood Culture/statistics & numerical data* ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data*

The production of healthy agricultural products has increased the demand for innovative and sustainable plant protection technologies, and the rapid advancement of nanotechnology has brought revolutionary breakthroughs to traditional agriculture. Nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems can not only significantly improve the utilization efficiency of pesticides, achieving enhanced efficacy and reduced application, but also decrease the pesticide residues and environmental pollution. Additionally, they have made breakthrough progress in the stability and persistence of RNA pesticides. This review summarized the research progress on nanopesticides and RNA pesticides, focusing on the mechanisms of nanocarriers in improving pesticide bioactivity and RNA interference (RNAi) efficiency. It also systematically summarized the types of nanomaterials and their applications in pest and disease management and provided an in-depth outlook for the future development of nanopesticides and RNA pesticides, which provided technical support for the high-quality development of agriculture in the future.
Pesticides/chemistry* ; Nanotechnology ; Nanostructures ; RNA ; Agriculture/methods* ; RNA Interference ; Drug Delivery Systems

Objective:To investigate and analyze the predictive value of inhibin A (INHA), galectin-13 (Gal-13), leucine rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) in serum for adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) .Methods:From Jan. 2022 to Dec. 2023, 87 GDM pregnant women admitted to Obstetrics Department of Shanxi Children’s Hospital were included as the study group, and were assigned into a good outcome group ( n=54) and an adverse outcome group ( n=33) based on pregnancy outcomes. Meantime, another 87 healthy pregnant women who underwent normal prenatal examinations at our hospital and had no complications were selected as the control group. ELISA method was applied to detect serum levels of INHA, LRG1, and Gal-13. Multiple factor Logistic regression model was constructed to analyze the factors affecting adverse pregnancy outcomes in GDM pregnant women. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were applied to evaluate the efficacy of the three methods in predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes in GDM pregnant women. Results:Compared with the control group, the levels of INHA and LRG1 in the serum of pregnant women in the study group were obviously higher, and the level of Gal-13 in the serum was obviously lower ( P<0.05). Compared with the good outcome group, the adverse outcome group showed an increase in serum INHA and LRG1 levels and a decrease in serum Gal-13 level ( P<0.05). Elevated levels of serum INHA and LRG1 were risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes in GDM pregnant women, while elevated level of serum Gal-13 was a protective factor ( P<0.05). The AUC values for predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes in GDM pregnant women based solely on serum INHA, Gal-13, and LRG1 levels were 0.859, 0.850, and 0.841, respectively. The AUC predicted by the combination of the three factors was 0.978, which was better than the individual predictions of serum INHA, Gal-13, and LRG1 ( Zcombination-HA=2.378, Z combination-Gal-13=3.193, Zcombination-LRG1=3.050, P=0.017, 0.001, 0.002) . Conclusions:Serum levels of INHA and LRG1 are elevated in GDM pregnant women, while serum level of Gal-13 is decreased. All three are potential factors that affect the pregnancy outcomes of GDM pregnant women, and the combination of the three shows higher efficacy in predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes in GDM pregnant women.

Objective:To investigate the current application of blood purification in the treatment of acute poisoning within Jiangsu Province and to evaluate the impact of extracorporeal blood purification on the clinical outcomes of critically poisoned patients.Methods:This multicenter, cross-sectional real-world observational study followed patients presenting with poisoning to the emergency departments of nine hospitals in Jiangsu Province between June 2015 and May 2019. Data were collected on demographic characteristics, vital signs within the first hour of emergency presentation, treatment modalities, length of hospital stay, and survival outcomes. Clinical data from patients who underwent extracorporeal blood purification were compared with those who did not, using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test and Chi-square test.Results:A total of 4 178 poisoning cases were included between June 2015 and May 2019. Among them, 21.7% (908/4 178) received blood purification therapy, while 78.3% (3 270/4 178) did not. Hemoperfusion (90.4%) was the most frequently employed method, followed by continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) (4.4%). In combined blood purification modalities, 4.8% underwent hemoperfusion combined with CRRT, 0.1% received hemoperfusion with plasma exchange, and another 0.1% underwent hemoperfusion combined with both CRRT and plasma exchange. Among patients who underwent blood purification, pesticide poisoning was the most prevalent (76.3%), with the most common toxic agents being paraquat (23.7%), dichlorvos (8.7%), methamidophos (5.2%), omethoate (4.0%), and glyphosate (3.7%). Compared to the non-blood purification group, patients in the blood purification group were more likely to present within the first hour with a low Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score (3-8) (22.6% vs. 9.7%, P <0.05), low mean arterial pressure (8.0% vs. 3.2%, P <0.05), longer hospital stays [5(3,9) days vs. 2(1,4) days, P <0.05] and a higher in-hospital mortality rate (21.1% vs. 5.3%, P <0.05). Follow-up via telephone 28 days after discharge revealed a survival rate of 78.9%, with a mortality rate of 21.1% in the blood purification group. Conclusions:Hemoperfusion is the most commonly utilized blood purification technique for treating poisoning in Jiangsu Province, with pesticides being the primary toxic agents treated. Although the mortality rate is higher in the blood purification group, the intervention may still contribute to improved patient outcomes.

The traditional detection methods for monitoring the biomass,protein,chlorophyll content and other key indicators in the growth of chlorella have some problems,including complicated operation,slow detection speed and difficult large-scale application.In this study,a fast and efficient monitoring method for the key indicators in the growth of chlorella was established using near infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics.Near-infrared spectroscopy was used to collect near-infrared spectra of chlorella algal fluid at different growth stages,and standard methods were used to detect the biomass,protein and chlorophyll contents of corresponding samples.A quantitative analysis model was established based on partial least squares regression(PLSR).To improve the prediction ability of the model,multiplicative scatter correction(MSC)was used to reduce the interference of scattering on the raw spectrum(RS),standard normal variate(SNV)was used to normalize the original spectral data to eliminate differences between samples,continuous wavelet transform(CWT)was used to obtain the key features of spectral data,the first derivative(1st)was used to enhance the differentiation of the original spectral features,and monte carlo-uninformative variable elimination(MC-UVE)and randomization test(RT)were used to screen the valid variables in the wavelength.By evaluating the prediction ability of different models,the quantitative analysis models of chlorella biomass,protein and chlorophyll content were finally determined.The results showed that the model based on 1st combined with RT spectra had better predictive ability for chlorella nutrient content detection,and the root mean square errors of prediction(RMSEP)and coefficients of determination(R2)were 0.041 and 0.933 for biomass,0.012 and 0.973 for protein,and 0.517 and 0.962 for chlorophyll,respectively.This model showed practical application value,and could realize the rapid and accurate detection of chlorella biomass,protein and chlorophyll content at the same time.

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of hard metal lung disease (HMLD), and to provide a theoretical reference basis for the prevention, control and intervention of HMLD in China.Methods:In April 2024, literatures related to HMLD and giant cell interstitial pneumonia (GIP) published before March 31, 2024 were retrieved in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, VIP database, Embase and PubMed. The search terms in Chinese and English included hard metal lung disease, cobalt, tungsten carbide, giant cell interstitial pneumonia, hard metal, etc. Literature was screened and data were extracted. A systematic review was conducted to analyze the clinical characteristics, imaging, pulmonary function, pathological features, treatment and prognosis of HMLD.Results:A total of 55 literatures were included, including 1 cohort study, 4 cross-sectional studies, 4 case series reports and 46 case reports, involving a total of 227 patients with HMLD and GIP. There were 174 male cases, 51 female cases, and 2 cases whose gender was not mentioned. The age was (43.9±13.4) years old, and the dust exposure time was 7 (4, 13) years. The chest images of the patients showed ground glass shadow, micro-nodule shadow, grid shadow, honeycomb shadow, consolidation shadow, etc. Pulmonary function test showed restrictive ventilation dysfunction with gas exchange disorder. The pathological manifestations of lung tissue were typical GIP, but there were also hypersensitivity pneumonitis, common interstitial pneumonia, diffuse alveolar damage, non-specific interstitial pneumonia, and even honeycomb lung. Clinical diagnosis and treatment evaluation were performed by combining the occupational exposure history of hard metal dust or cobalt-containing dust, clinical manifestations, imaging, lung function and histopathology. Treatment involved cessation of exposure, with glucocorticoids alleviating symptoms and improving imaging and pulmonary function.Conclusion:HMLD can be caused by hard metal dust exposure. The clinical symptoms of HMLD are not specific, and the pathology shows typical GIP or other pulmonary interstitial changes. The treatment involves cessation of exposure and administration of glucocorticoids, and the overall prognosis is good.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of needle-free and needle-based injections of recombinant human interferon (IFN) -α2a in the treatment of palmoplantar warts.Methods:Patients aged 6 to 75 years with palmoplantar warts were prospectively enrolled from the Department of Dermatology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University between March and September 2023, and baseline data were collected. The patients were randomly and equally divided into a needle-free injection group and a needle-based injection group by using a random number table method, and received needle-free and needle-based injections of recombinant human IFN-α2a once every 2 to 3 weeks, respectively, with a maximum of 4 treatment sessions. Efficacy was assessed based on changes in wart size and skin lines under a dermoscope. Pain degrees and adverse reactions were recorded, and patients were followed up for 6 months after the end of treatment. Chi-square test was used to compare the cure rates, recurrence rates, and incidence rates of adverse reactions between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify factors related to the clearance of palmoplantar warts.Results:A total of 160 patients with palmoplantar warts were included, with 80 patients in each group. In the needle-free injection group, there were 45 females (56.2%) and 35 males (43.8%) ; their ages ( M[ Q1, Q3]) were 27 (23, 40) years, and the duration of disease ( M[ Q1, Q3]) was 12 (3, 24) months; warts were located on the hands in 12 cases (15.0%), on the feet in 60 cases (75.0%), and on both sites in 8 cases (10.0%) ; warts measuring ≤ 1 cm in diameter were observed in 71 cases (88.8%), and those measuring > 1 cm were observed in 9 cases (11.3%). In the needle-based injection group, there were 37 females (46.2%) and 43 males (53.8%) ; their ages were 28 (22, 39) years, and the duration of disease was 6 (2, 12) months; warts were located on the hands in 23 cases (28.7%), on the feet in 55 cases (68.8%), and on both sites in 2 cases (2.5%) ; warts measuring ≤ 1 cm in diameter were observed in 67 cases (83.8%), and those measuring > 1 cm in diameter were observed in 13 cases (16.3%). There were no significant differences in gender distribution, age, wart diameters, prior treatment status, or number of warts between the two groups (all P > 0.05). The duration of disease was longer in the needle-free injection group than in the needle-based injection group ( P = 0.041), and the dose of interferon was lower in the needle-free injection group than in the needle-based injection group ( P < 0.001). After treatment, 44 patients (55.0%) were cured in the needle-free injection group, and 39 (48.8%) in the needle-based injection group, with no significant difference in the cure rates between the two groups ( χ2 = 0.63, P = 0.429). Among patients with multiple warts, 54.8% (23/42) were cured in the needle-free injection group, and 47.4% (18/38) in the needle-based injection group, with no significant difference in cure rates between the two groups ( χ2 = 1.28, P = 0.509). The most common adverse reaction was fever or flu-like symptoms (186 instances), which resolved spontaneously in 141 instances and resolved after treatment with oral ibuprofen in 45 instances; the incidence rate of flu-like symptoms was significantly lower in the needle-free injection group (57 instances, 21.6%) than in the needle-based injection group (129 instances, 53.3%; χ2 = 54.63, P < 0.001). The pain score was significantly lower in the needle-free injection group (3.65 ± 1.25 points) than in the needle-based injection group (5.16 ± 1.17 points, t = -7.90, P < 0.001). The logistic regression analysis showed that the duration of disease, lesion sites, patient age, and previous treatment history had no impact on the efficacy in either the needle-free injection group or the needle-based injection group (all P > 0.05) . Conclusions:The efficacy of needle-free and needle-based injections of interferon was similar in the treatment of palmoplantar warts, whereas needle-free injections resulted in less pain and a lower incidence of interferon-related adverse reactions. None of the duration of disease, lesion sites, patient age, or prior treatment status showed significant impact on the efficacy in the two groups.

Purpose To analyze the ultrasonic manifestations of extrarenal extracranial malignant rhabdoid tumor(EERT)in children to enhance the awareness of its early diagnosis.Materials and Methods Clinical data of 13 children with EERT diagnosed by pathology from the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were collected retrospectively from January 2014 to March 2024.The ultrasonic manifestations of these cases were summarized and compared with their pathological results.Results Among the 13 children with EERT,10 cases had tumors located in soft tissues of the extremities,and 3 cases had tumors located in the abdomen.The tumors showed irregular shapes and indistinct borders on ultrasonic images,and the average of the maximum diameters of the tumors measured by ultrasound was(10.43±2.57)cm.The interior of the tumors mostly appeared as heterogeneous hypoechoic lesions;9 of the tumors were accompanied by small patchy regions of anechoic areas(cystic degeneration or liquefaction);9 of the tumors were accompanied by strong echoes(calcification);12 of the tumors had relatively abundant blood supply.Conclusion Ultrasonic images of EERT in children have certain characteristics.Mastering the ultrasonic manifestations could assist in the clinical diagnosis and follow-up of this disease.