Objective To investigate the impact of 15 days of complete fasting on individuals'risk decision-making abilities and the role of physical exercise in this process.Methods Twenty-four healthy participants completed a 28-day experiment divided into baseline,complete fasting,calorie restriction,and full recovery phases.Participants were randomly assigned to a light exercise group(EL),moderate exercise group(EM),or control group(CN).Risk decision-making capacity was assessed using the Balloon Analogue Risk Task(BART),with data analyzed via Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman tests.Results Fifteen days of complete fasting did not significantly affect the participants'risk decision-making abilities.Additionally,after fasting,the moderate exercise group was more likely to make risky decisions compared to the light exercise group.Conclusion Long-term fasting has no significant impact on risk decision-making ability,but engaging in physical exercise makes people more likely to make high-risk decisions.

With the increasing incidence of cardiovascular diseases,Professor WANG Yongyan has adhered to the traditional principles while embracing innovation,proposing to apply the theory of"the heart governing the spirit"to the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.He emphasized that it is crucial to preserve the spirit before the onset of disease,which includes maintaining a balanced diet,regular lifestyle,avoiding excessive labor,maintaining a serene and unfettered mind,and nurturing the spirit within.For those already suffering from disease,preventing progression and deterioration requires adjusting the spirit,and skilled practitioners should first inspect the patient's spirit by examining the eyes,tongue,facial complexion,and overall physical condition.In treatment,adjusting the spirit involves distinguishing between different imbalances of qi,blood,yin,yang,cold,heat,deficiency,and excess,and employing appropriate method to calm and nourish the spirit accordingly.After the illness,nurturing the spirit is essential,including spiritual nourishment through exercise,dietary therapy,emotional therapy,and external treatments.By applying the theory of"the heart governing the spirit"throughout the prevention,treatment,and rehabilitation of cardiovascular diseases,Professor WANG Yongyan's approach effectively prevents the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases,controls their progression,inhibits deterioration,and improves the prognosis of patients.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of electroacupuncture preconditioning on cellular immune function in the patients undergoing thyroid surgery.Methods:Sixty-six patients of either sex, aged 30-55 yr, with body mass index of 18.5-23.9 kg/m 2, of American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification ⅠorⅡ, were selected and divided into electroacupuncture preconditioning group (group D) and control group (group C) by a random number table method, with 33 cases in each group. Patients in both groups received combined intravenous-inhalational anesthesia. Before anesthesia induction, both Hegu and Neiguan acupoints were stimulated for 30 min using a continuous wave at a frequency of 2/100 Hz, and the stimulation intensity was subjected to patient tolerance in group D. Group C received sham electroacupuncture for 30 min without stimulation. Venous blood samples were collected at 30 min before anesthesia induction (T 0) and 12, 24 and 48 h after anesthesia (T 1-3). The percentages of T lymphocyte subsets (CD3 +, CD4 +, CD8 +, CD4 + /CD8 + ) and natural killer cells and concentrations of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the serum were measured by flow cytometry. Results:Compared with group C, the percentage of CD3 +, CD4 + and natural killer cells and ratio of CD4 + /CD8 + were significantly increased at T 1, 2, and the concentrations of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the serum were decreased at T 1-3 in group D ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Electroacupuncture preconditioning can improve cellular immune function in the patients undergoing thyroid surgery.

Objective: To investigate smoking cessation behaviors and factors influencing it among adult community smokers in Beijing. Methods: This was a cross-sectional epidemiological study. A questionnaire survey was administered among community smokers over 18 years old, in which information on basic demographics, tobacco use, attempts to quit smoking, tobacco-related awareness, and environmental assessment of smoking cessation support were collected. Descriptive analysis was conducted on the basic information, smoking situation, and demand for smoking cessation intervention of the respondents. Two tests were used to examine the quitting attempts of respondents. Tobacco attempts was found to be correlated with socio-demographic indicators, and factors such as tobacco use, awareness of tobacco-related issues, and the smoking cessation support environment. Dual logistic regression was used to further explore the dependence of identified factors and attempted smoking cessation behavior. Results: A total of 449 respondents were enrolled in this study, 410 of them were men (91.3%). Among the respondents, 272 people (60.6%) had tried to quit smoking and 177 people (39.4%) did not try to quit smoking. Monthly income level, tobacco-related awareness, degree of surrounding people supporting smoking cessation, whether medical treatment was sought in the previous year, number of visits, whether to persuade medical staff to quit smoking in the past year, and whether smoking was given up in the past year were the identified factors. These seven factors, such as whether they have been asked about smoking, are the influencing factors in trying to quit smoking（P<0.05）. Under the logistic regression model, monthly income level (OR=1.271, 95%CI:1.081-1.493), the support of people around them to quit smoking (OR=1.251, 95%CI:1.035-1.512), and the suggestion of medical personnel in the past year (OR=2.382, 95%CI: 1.054-5.381) were found to encourage attempts to quit smoking. Conclusion Factors such as health status, environmental support, hazard perception, and economic level influence attempts to quit smoking. Lack of self-determination and other people's influence are the main reasons for failing to quit smoking. Taking community places as the basic unit of intervention combined with professional guidance of smoking cessation clinic doctors and forming an online comprehensive linkage smoking cessation hospital community intervention model is an innovative way to optimize the management of tobacco dependence.

Objective To investigate the application effect of the sandwich teaching method in the course of Surgical Nursing . Methods Two classes of the students majoring in nursing were randomly divided into control group and observation group, with 36 students in each group. The students in the control group received the traditional teaching method, and those in the observation group received the sandwich teaching method . The teaching effect was compared between the two groups by theoretical assessment and questionnaire survey. SPSS 24.0 was used for analysis of variance and the t-test. Results Compared with the control group, the observation group had significantly higher scores of course assessment, learning atmosphere, and learning initiative. The observation group also had significantly higher good rates of learning atmosphere and learning initiative than the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion The sandwich teaching method can significantly improve students' abilities of communication and problem solving, arouse their enthusiasm of learning, and increase the interestingness of classroom, and therefore, it has a practical value in teaching.

Objective To understand the current situation of health education contents as well as the differences in their requirements between clinical medical students and clinicians,and to provide reference for the optimization of health education curricula for medical students.Methods A stratified sampling method was adopted to select 511 medical students (303 females and 208 males) from a medical university,and the survey results of 436 clinicians (144 females and 292 males) were taken as reference.Differences in the degrees of need between clinical medical students and clinicians were compared by chi-square tests.Results There were statistical differences in needs between clinical medical students and clinicians regarding drug compliance,smoking cessation intervention,balanced diet,application of Chinese traditional rehabilitation medicine,mobile health technology education,exercise rehabilitation guidance,and theory of health promotion (P＜0.01).With regard to drug compliance,smoking cessation intervention,and exercise rehabilitation guidance,the proportions of clinical medical students' needs were just 87.1％,82.2％,and 81.2％,respectively,but for clinicians the proportions reached up to 96.3％,93.8％,and 92.8％,respectively.Whereas,there were no statistical differences for mental stress management,chronic infectious disease health education,and acute infectious disease health education (P＞0.05).Conclusion There is still a big gap between medical students and clinical doctors when it comes to the knowledge of chronic disease management and healthy lifestyles;clinical medical students have not yet realized the importance of such knowledge and skills.Therefore,the strengthening of course construction for clinical medical students is suggested.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of chemical thoracic sympathetic nerve modulation combined with pulsed radiofrequency in treating upper limb postherpetic neuralgia ( PHN). Methods Forty-two patients of both sexes with upper limb PHN, aged 48-75 yr, were divided into 2 groups ( n=21 each) using a random number table method: chemical thoracic sympathetic nerve modulation combined with pulsed radiofrequency group ( TSNM+PR group) and pulsed radiofrequency group ( PR group) . TSNM+PR group was treated using chemical thoracic sympathetic nerve modulation combined with pulsed radiofrequen-cy, and PR group received pulsed radiofrequency alone. The occurrence of treatment-related adverse reac-tions was recorded. Numeric rating scale scores were recorded preoperatively and at 1 day and 1 and 3 months after operation, and the efficacy was graded. The effective treatment and pain recurrence were re-corded 3 months after operation. Quantitative sensory nerve tests were performed to record the current per-ception threshold before operation and on 1 day, 1 month and 3 months after operation. Results Compared with PR group, numeric rating scale score was significantly decreased, the therapeutic effect was en-hanced, the rate of effective treatment was increased, the recurrence rate of pain was decreased at 1 and 3 months after surgery, the current perception threshold at 250 and 5 Hz on the ipsilateral side was increased at 1 and 3 months after surgery in TSNM+PR group ( P<0. 05) . No treatment-related adverse reactions were found in two groups. Conclusion Chemical thoracic sympathetic nerve modulation combined with pulsed radiofrequency provides reliable therapeutic effect and higher safety for upper limb PHN.

Objective To establish the scientific, rational and standard librarian performance appraisal index system in academic library in order to adjust their working behaviors, improve their service quality and increase the overall performance of library.Methods The current librarian performance appraisal situation was investigated according to the literature and on the field inspection.The appraisal indexes and their weight were established by Delphi and step analysis.Results The 3-scale appraisal index system was established, which include 4 No.1 indexes, 10 No. 2 indexes, and 59 No.3 indexes with their weight and score displayed.Conclusion The performance appraisal index system we established can effectively arouse the enthusiasm of librarians in scientific research innovation, manage-ment or social work.