Intervertebral disc degeneration(IDD) is the pathological basis of spinal diseases. With the development and change of working and living style, IDD gradually presents the trend of younger in recent years. The effective prevention and treatment of IDD has become a hotspot in clinical research. Recent studies have shown that oxidative stress plays an important role in IDD. The disruption of reactive oxygen species balance in cells or the body leads to changes in extracellular matrix and intervertebral disc cell phenotype, which induces oxidative stress of intervertebral disc and leads to IDD. Oxidative stress can affect the development of IDD through apoptosis, autophagy, senescence and extracellular matrix of intervertebral disc. Currently, opioids and drugs for promoting blood circulation and pain relief are commonly used in clinical treatment of IDD, which can alleviate some symptoms to a certain extent, but is easy to induce gastrointestinal and other adverse reactions. Meanwhile, due to the long treatment cycle and poor patient compliance to a certain extent, which brings great difficulties to the treatment. At the same time, traditional Chinese medicine plays an important role in the treatment of IDD due to its advantages of low cost and fewer adverse reactions. With the in-depth research of modern technologies such as molecular biology and network pharmacology, it has been found that traditional Chinese medicine can intervene in the expression of oxidative stress-related functions, namely, slowing down apoptosis, autophagy and degradation of extracellular matrix, etc, to play a role in the treatment of IDD. In this paper, the role of oxidative stress in IDD and the research results on the intervention of traditional Chinese medicine in oxidative stress will be expounded, in order to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of IDD by traditional Chinese medicine.

AIM:To investigate the effects of cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN55212-2(WIN)on acute lung injury(ALI)in septic mice,and to explore its potential mechanisms through glycolysis.METHODS:A mouse model of septic ALI was established by intraperitoneal injections of lipopolysaccharide(LPS).Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 4 groups(n=6):(1)control group;(2)LPS group,receiving intraperitoneal injections of LPS at 10 mg/kg;(3)LPS+WIN group,receiving 1 mg/kg WIN intraperitoneally 30 min prior to LPS injection;(4)LPS+WIN+MHY1485[mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)activator]group,receiving 10 mg/kg MHY1485 intraperitoneally 1 d before LPS injection and 1 mg/kg WIN plus 10 mg/kg MHY1485 30 min before LPS injection.Tissues were collected 24 h after modeling for analysis.Lung indexes were calculated,and histopathological changes of lung tissues were observed via he-matoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.Inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and IL-10 in lung tissues,and lactic acid and lactate dehydrogenase A(LDHA)in serum were quantified using ELISA.The levels of mTOR/hypoxia-inducible fac-tor-1α(HIF-1α)/6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3(PFKFB3)signaling pathway-related proteins were assessed by Western blot.RESULTS:Compared with control group,the LPS group exhibited an increased lung in-dex,significant lung tissue damage,an increase in IL-1β levels(P＜0.05),a decrease in IL-10 levels(P＜0.05),and el-evated expressions of lactate and LDHA(P＜0.05),along with increased levels of phosphorylated mTOR(p-mTOR),HIF-1α and PFKFB3 proteins(P＜0.05).The LPS+WIN group showed improvements with a reduced lung index(P＜0.05),lessened lung injury,decreased IL-1β levels(P＜0.05),increased IL-10 levels(P＜0.05),and lower levels of lactic acid,LDHA,p-mTOR,HIF-1α,and PFKFB3(P＜0.05).Conversely,the LPS+WIN+MHY1485 group displayed increased lung indexes and lung tissue damage,elevated IL-1β levels(P＜0.05),reduced IL-10 levels(P＜0.05),and higher expressions of lactic acid,LDHA,p-mTOR,HIF-1α and PFKFB3(P＜0.05)compared to the LPS+WIN group.CONCLUSION:WIN55212-2 mitigates sepsis-induced ALI,potentially by modulating the mTOR/HIF-1α/PFKFB3 sig-naling pathway,thereby inhibiting glycolysis and alleviating inflammatory responses.

Objective To investigate the effects of cannabinoid receptor agonist,WIN55212-2(WIN),on acute kidney injury(AKI)in mice with sepsis and its underlying mechanism.Methods Twenty-four healthy male mice were divided into(n=6):Control group,sepsis group(LPS group),sepsis+WIN55212-2 group(LPS+WIN group)and sepsis+WIN55212-2+mTOR activator MHY1485 group(LPS+WIN+MHY group).The sepsis model was constructed by intraperitoneal injection of LPS.After the tissue and blood samples were harvested in 24 h after modeling,ELISA was used to determine the contents of IL-1β,IL-18 and lactate dehydrogenase A(LDHA)in the renal tissues,as well as Scr,kidney injury molecule-1(KIM-1)and lactic acid(LA)in the serum.HE staining was employed to observe the pathological changes of kidney tissue and Paller score was calculated.The expression of p-AKT,p-Mtor and 6-phosphofructokinase-2/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3(PFKFB3)in the renal tissues was detected by Western blotting.Results Compared with the Control group,the LPS group had obvious kidney tissue damage,increased Paller score(P＜0.05),increased serum contents of lactic acid,Scr and KIM-1(P＜0.05),up-regulated contents of LDHA,IL-1β and IL-18 in the renal tissues(P＜0.05),and elevated expression levels of p-AKT,p-Mtor and PFKFB3 in the renal tissues(P＜0.05).Milder pathological injury in kidney tissue,decreased Paller score(P＜0.05),reduced contents of lactic acid,Scr and KIM-1(P＜0.05),decreased contents of LDHA,IL-1β and IL-18(P＜0.05),and lower expression of p-AKT,p-Mtor and PFKFB3 were observed in the LPS+WIN group than the LPS group(P＜0.05).The LPS+WIN+MHY group had notably higher Paller score(P＜0.05),raised contents of lactic acid,Scr and KIM-1(P＜0.05),increased contents of LDHA,IL-1β and IL-18(P＜0.05),and up-regulated expression of p-AKT,p-Mtor and PFKFB3(P＜0.05)when compared with the LPS+WIN group.Conclusion WIN can alleviate AKI in sepsis,and it may reduce the level of glycolysis in renal tissue,and alleviate inflammation through inhibiting AKT/Mtor/PFKFB3 signaling pathway.

Objective:To investigate the quantification assessment of segmental volume after thigh liposuction utilizing three-dimensional(3D) scanning technology.Methods:This retrospective study was performed with the analysis of 3D scanning images of patients who had undergone bilateral thigh liposuction in Body Contouring & Fat Grafting Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from January 2018 to September 2022. Preoperative and postoperative 3D scanning were performed to build visual 3D models of bilateral thighs. From top to the bottom, bilateral thighs were segmented into seven sections with a space of 5 cm in acquired 3D model. Certain measurements and calculation of preoperative and postoperative volume and volume change rate of the overall thigh and each segment were conducted, to validate the efficiency of liposuction (EOL). Additionally, EOL of each thigh segment was computed and the symmetry of bilateral thighs was analyzed before and after surgery. The volume differences were computed using the paired Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was exerted to assess the symmetry of bilateral thighs before and after surgery.Results:A total of 36 female patients were included in the study, with an age range of 18 to 49 years and a mean age of (28.6±7.6) years. Follow-up duration ranged from 23 to 1 133 days postoperatively, with a mean follow-up period of 274.7 days. The results of 3D scanning measurements indicated significant changes ( P<0.01) in both the overall volume of the thigh and the volumes of each segment before and after surgery. The highest volume change rate and EOL were observed in the uppermost segment, and the volumetric change rate and EOL exhibited a descending trend across the segments of the thigh from the uppermost to the lowermost segments. The ICC of the volume of each segment consistently surpassed 0.950 whether preoperatively or postoperatively, indicating a high level of symmetry between the bilateral thighs, and the ICC of overall volume showed a notable increase from 0.992 preoperatively to 0.997 postoperatively. Conclusion:3D scanning technology can be exerted to quantify the volume changes before and after thigh liposuction. This study provided quantitative and objective evidence to confirm the efficacy of thigh liposuction procedure, elucidating that the most significant liposuction effects observed in the uppermost segment of the thigh. Moreover, postoperative assessments reveal a further enhancement in bilateral thigh symmetry.

Objective:To investigate the quantification assessment of segmental volume after thigh liposuction utilizing three-dimensional(3D) scanning technology.Methods:This retrospective study was performed with the analysis of 3D scanning images of patients who had undergone bilateral thigh liposuction in Body Contouring & Fat Grafting Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from January 2018 to September 2022. Preoperative and postoperative 3D scanning were performed to build visual 3D models of bilateral thighs. From top to the bottom, bilateral thighs were segmented into seven sections with a space of 5 cm in acquired 3D model. Certain measurements and calculation of preoperative and postoperative volume and volume change rate of the overall thigh and each segment were conducted, to validate the efficiency of liposuction (EOL). Additionally, EOL of each thigh segment was computed and the symmetry of bilateral thighs was analyzed before and after surgery. The volume differences were computed using the paired Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was exerted to assess the symmetry of bilateral thighs before and after surgery.Results:A total of 36 female patients were included in the study, with an age range of 18 to 49 years and a mean age of (28.6±7.6) years. Follow-up duration ranged from 23 to 1 133 days postoperatively, with a mean follow-up period of 274.7 days. The results of 3D scanning measurements indicated significant changes ( P<0.01) in both the overall volume of the thigh and the volumes of each segment before and after surgery. The highest volume change rate and EOL were observed in the uppermost segment, and the volumetric change rate and EOL exhibited a descending trend across the segments of the thigh from the uppermost to the lowermost segments. The ICC of the volume of each segment consistently surpassed 0.950 whether preoperatively or postoperatively, indicating a high level of symmetry between the bilateral thighs, and the ICC of overall volume showed a notable increase from 0.992 preoperatively to 0.997 postoperatively. Conclusion:3D scanning technology can be exerted to quantify the volume changes before and after thigh liposuction. This study provided quantitative and objective evidence to confirm the efficacy of thigh liposuction procedure, elucidating that the most significant liposuction effects observed in the uppermost segment of the thigh. Moreover, postoperative assessments reveal a further enhancement in bilateral thigh symmetry.

Intervertebral disc degeneration is one of the common causes of chronic low back pain. As a common spinal disease， its clinical symptoms are mainly low back pain and limited function， which seriously affects physical and psychological health. Because of its complex and unclear pathogenesis， the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration has been the focus of scientific researchers and clinical workers. At present， the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration mainly includes non-surgical therapy and surgical therapy， which can alleviate the clinical symptoms of patients to a certain extent， but easily induce new complications， and it is difficult to restore the normal physiological function of the intervertebral disc. In recent years， along with the advanced research on matrix metalloproteinases （MMPs） in the tissues of intervertebral disc degeneration， it has been found that MMPs can be used as molecular therapeutic targets. The expression of MMPs in the intervertebral disc tissues can be regulated by reducing the content and composition of the extracellular matrix of the intervertebral disc， so as to slow down intervertebral disc degeneration and even reverse the occurrence of intervertebral disc degeneration. This treatment is expected to delay intervertebral disc degeneration caused by changes in extracellular matrix composition or content. In recent years， with the continuous development of network pharmacology and bioinformatics research， a large number of researchers have explored the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration by traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and found that TCM can reduce the degradation of extracellular matrix by inhibiting the expression of MMPs， thus alleviating the symptoms of intervertebral disc degeneration and slowing down the progression of intervertebral disc degeneration. This paper reviewed the research progress of TCM intervention in MMP expression in the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration， aiming at providing references for the application of TCM in the prevention and treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration.

OBJECTIVE To understand the current status of research on traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） human resources， and to provide a reference for expanding research ideas on TCM human resources and promoting the construction of TCM talents. METHODS From January 1， 2000 to December 31， 2022， literature related to TCM human resources was collected from the three major databases of CNKI， Wanfang and VIP. Using CiteSpace 5.8 R3 software， visualization analysis was performed for the literature in terms of publication time， journal sources， authors， institutions and areas， funding， research content， keywords， etc. RESULTS A total of 324 literature related to TCM human resources in China were included， and the number of literature issued showed an upward trend， with an annual average of 14.09 literature； 161 kinds of journals were involved， core journals accounted for 18.21% of the total publication volume； a total of 23 authors had published 2 or more literature， with a total of 55 literature published （16.98%）； a total of 416 institutions were involved， mainly schools （66.83%）； 60.49% of the literature were supported by the fund. The majorities of 324 literature were survey studies （170 literature）， and most of them used self-designed questionnaires （55 literature）； the high-frequency keywords included talent training， human resources， TCM， etc. The keywords were clustered into 7 categories， such as “human resources“”talent training“”TCM industry“”TCM services“”talent training models” “fairness” and “TCM talents”. The main problems described in the literature included insufficient talent， lack of reasonable distribution of regional structure， lack of reasonable plans for talent training， and insufficient professional knowledge and abilities. Continuously cultivating high-level talents and improving employment conditions in areas with severe human resource loss were the corresponding countermeasures proposed in the literature. CONCLUSIONS The research on TCM human resources starts late but has developed rapidly overall， and the quality of research needs to be improved； the structure of research team is single and unevenly distributed geographically； there is a structural imbalance in the allocation of human resources， as well as problems such as a shortage of professional talents， low levels of education and training and incomplete development systems.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics, influencing factors and prevention and treatment measures of nosocomial infection in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (non-acute promyelocytic leukemia) after applying intermediate-high dose cytarabine (Ara-C) chemotherapy.Methods:The clinical data of 80 patients with AML treated with intermediate-high dose Ara-C in the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from March 2013 to January 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical features of nosocomial infection were summarized and the influencing factors of infection were analyzed by using multivariate logistic regression.Results:A total of 80 patients received 198 times of chemotherapy, and the infection rate was 72.7% (144/198). Infection sites mainly included respiratory tract infection, pulmonary infection, gastrointestinal infection. A total of 45 strains of pathogenic bacterias were detected, among which Gram negative bacilli accounted for 55.6% (25/45), Gram positive cocci accounted for 24.4% (11/45), fungi accounted for 8.9% (4/45) and viruses accounted for 11.1% (5/45). There were no significant differences in infection rate, hospitalization time, neutrophils recovery time and hospitalization expenses between the sterile laminar flow ward and the general ward (all P > 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that infection during induction chemotherapy was independent risk factor of infection ( OR = 5.076, 95% CI 1.978-13.022, P =0.001), and antibiotic prevention was independent protective factor of nosocomial infection ( OR = 0.332, 95% CI 0.136-0.803, P = 0.014). Conclusions:The infection rate of AML patients receiving intermediate-high dose Ara-C chemotherapy is high. During the treatment, we should be alert to the infection during induction chemotherapy and use antibiotics to prevent it in time. For patients undergoing intermediate-high dose Ara-C chemotherapy, strengthening the environmental cleanliness of general wards may achieve the same preventive effect as that of sterile laminar flow wards.

Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common intraocular malignant tumor in infants and young children. The key causative factors in the progression of RB remain unclear. Therefore, identifying genes closely associated with RB progression may provide important clues for disease diagnosis and gene therapy. However, tumor tissues have strong cellular heterogeneity. There may be significant differences in cell function and gene expression among cells in different pathological states. In this study, we downloaded single-cell transcriptome sequencing data of RB tumors and adjacent tissues from the GEO public database. Subsequently, we analyzed RB tumor transcriptional profiles with different disease duration at the single-cell level and identified cell groups and gene sets potentially associated with RB progression. The results showed that the tumor tissue and the adjacent tissues had overall consistency in the single-cell transcriptional map, but there were obvious differences in the distribution proportions of G1 phase cells, G2 phase cells, and microglia cells of cone precursors in RB tumor and the adjacent tissues. Furthermore, the role of three cell populations in the progression of RB tumors was emphatically analyzed. We found that in the early stage of RB tumors, cone precursor cells proliferated abnormally in G1 phase. With the progression of RB tumors, the proportion of cone precursor cells in G2 phase increased significantly. Meanwhile, the results of differential analysis of microglial populations during RB progression showed that the key genes mainly involved in immune response include RPL23, B2M, and HLA superfamily genes. This study provides new perspectives and data resources for the research of RB pathogenesis and progress.
Child ; Infant ; Humans ; Child, Preschool ; Retinoblastoma/pathology* ; Transcriptome ; Retinal Neoplasms/pathology*

Areca catechu L. medicinal materials and their preparations are widely used in clinical practice. Betelnut polyphenol is one of the main chemical components with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial effects. With continuous increase of high altitude activities, tissue oxidative damage caused by high altitude hypoxia seriously affects the ability to work, and the studies on anti-hypoxia drugs are particularly important. Recent studies have shown that betelnut polyphenols have protective effects on oxidative stress injury caused by hypoxia via improving blood gas index of hypoxic organism, increasing superoxide dismutase glutathione catalase activity, and scavenging excessive free radicals. The effects of betelnut polyphenols against hypoxia and oxidative damage protection suggest that betelnut polyphenols can be used as potential anti-hypoxia drugs and posses clinical prospects.
Antioxidants/pharmacology* ; Areca/chemistry* ; Humans ; Hypoxia ; Oxidative Stress ; Polyphenols/pharmacology* ; Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism*