Diabetic kidney disease （DKD） is one of the most common microvascular complications of diabetes. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） plays a unique role in improving clinical symptoms， reducing proteinuria， and delaying the initiation of dialysis. Over time， scholars have held diverse views on the etiology， pathogenesis， and treatment strategies of DKD. This paper systematically reviews the etiology and pathogenesis， syndrome differentiation and treatment， and medication rules of DKD， aiming to provide a reference for clinical practice. Regarding etiology， DKD is closely related to insufficient innate endowment， improper diet， emotional disorders， overexertion， and prolonged diabetes. Its pathogenesis evolves dynamically. Specifically， early stage is characterized by Yin deficiency with dryness-heat and subtle discharge. Middle stage involves both Qi and Yin deficiency with dampness and blood stasis. Late stage presents Yin and Yang deficiency with intrinsic turbidity toxins. Blood stasis and sugar toxicity are the core pathological factors， persisting throughout the disease course and accelerating renal collateral damage and fibrosis. In terms of diagnosis and treatment， contemporary scholars advocate stage-specific treatment， emphasize the integration of prevention and therapy， recommend whole-course management， and support comprehensive TCM and Western medicine approaches. Analysis of medication rules shows that treatment consistently addresses the core principle of deficiency at the root and excess at the surface， strengthens the body while dispelling pathogenic factors， emphasizes promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis， consolidates the kidney and astringes essence， clears Fu-organs and eliminates turbidity and toxins， invigorates the spleen， replenishes Qi， protects the stomach， and advocates treatment based on pathogenic wind. Further refinement of the academic thoughts of classical TCM masters and research into innovative pathogenesis theories and clinically effective prescriptions are needed to enhance TCM's ability to prevent and treat major clinical diseases， including DKD.

Glucose transporters (GLUTs) are pivotal membrane proteins that facilitate the passive transport of glucose into cells. However, their aberrant overexpression is closely linked to the Warburg effect and chemotherapy resistance of tumors. GLUTs are complex multi-pass transmembrane proteins that require detergents for extraction from the cell membrane during preparation. The persistent presence of detergents in the sample can disrupt lipid-protein interactions, potentially leading to conformational distortion and functional losses of GLUTs, severely hindering the research into their structures and transport mechanisms. To eliminate detergent interference and preserve its authentic conformation, this study employs nanodisc technology and utilizes the self-assembly of the membrane scaffold protein MSP1E3D1 and phospholipids to produce a biomimetic membrane environment, thereby overcoming the limitations of conventional methods. The C-terminal His10-tagged GLUT1 was heterologously expressed in the insect cell Sf9/Bac-to-Bac system, and the GLUT1-nanodisc complex was obtained after detergent solubilization, affinity chromatography purification via anti-His antibody resin, and self-assembly. The successfully reconstituted nanodisc complex was further purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Nanodisc reconstitution produced monodisperse GLUT1 particles that retained native secondary structure, as confirmed by far-UV circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Unlike conventional detergent micelles, which lack a true lipid bilayer, distort transmembrane-helix topology, and occlude ligand-binding sites, the nanodisc platform embeds GLUT1 in a phospholipid bilayer that preserves its authentic conformation while eliminating detergent interference. The resulting GLUT1-nanodisc complex is therefore a superior scaffold for high-resolution cryo-EM structural analysis, permitting detailed interrogation of the transporter's conformational cycle, its interactions with partner proteins, and downstream structure-guided, high-throughput drug screening.
Nanostructures/chemistry* ; Glucose Transporter Type 1/biosynthesis* ; Humans ; Animals ; Phospholipids/chemistry* ; Detergents/chemistry*

Objective To investigate the expression and prognostic value of heat shock protein B7(HSPB7)in gastric cancer.Methods Immunohistochemistry SP was used to detect HSPB7 and p53 protein expression in 73 cases of gastric cancer and adjacent normal tissues,and their relationships with clinicopatho-logical parameters were analyzed.Spearman's rank correlation analysis was performed to analyze their correla-tion.Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Log-rank tests were used for survival analysis,and a Cox proportional hazards model was applied to analyze prognostic factors.qPCR was used to determine HSPB7 mRNA expres-sion in 22 cases of gastric cancer and normal gastric tissues,and differences between cancer and normal tissues were analyzed.Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database were used to further analyze HSPB7 mRNA expression differences between gastric cancer and normal tissues and their relationship with clinico-pathological parameters.Results HSPB7 was mainly localized in the cytoplasm,and its expression in gastric cancer tissues was significantly lower than that in adjacent normal tissues(P<0.05),and its expression in gastric cancer tissues was related to TNM stage,tumor invasion depth,differentiation degree and lymph node metastasis(P<0.05).The expression of p53 in gastric cancer was significantly higher than that in adjacent normal tissues(P<0.05),and the expression in gastric cancer tissues was correlated with TNM stage,tumor invasion depth and differentiation degree(P<0.05).Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that the ex-pressions of HSPB7 and p53 were negatively correlated in gastric cancer(r=-0.351,P=0.002).The 5-year survival rate of patients in the positive group was significantly higher than that in the negative group(χ2=10.611,P<0.001).Compared with gastric cancer tissues,the mRNA expression level of HSPB7 in adjacent normal tissues was significantly higher(t=-6.180,P<0.001).The results of bioinformatics analysis showed that the mRNA expression of HSPB7 in normal gastric samples was significantly higher than that in gastric cancer samples(P<0.001),and it was related to age,pathological stage and T stage(P<0.05).Conclusion HSPB7 protein is expressed at low levels in gastric cancer tissues,and it is closely related to the clinicopathological pa-rameters and prognosis of gastric cancer patients,which may be used as a predictive index of gastric cancer malignancy.In gastric cancer tissues,they may have antagonistic effects in tumor progression,and their related signaling pathways need to be further explored.

Stent migration is one of the common complications following transcatheter valve implantation. This study aims to design a "drum-shaped" balloon-expandable aortic valve stent to address this issue and conduct a mechanical analysis. The implantation process of the stent was evaluated using a method that combines numerical simulation and in vitro experiments. Furthermore, the fatigue process of the stent under pulsatile cyclic loading was simulated, and its fatigue performance was assessed using a Goodman diagram. The process of the stent migrating toward the left ventricular side was simulated, and the force-displacement curve of the stent was extracted to evaluate its anti- migration performance. The results showed that all five stent models could be crimped into a 14F sheath and enabled uniform expansion of the native valve leaflets. The stress in each stent was below the ultimate stress, so no fatigue fracture occurred. As the cell height ratio decreased, the contact area fraction between the stent and the aortic root gradually decreased. However, the mean contact force and the maximum anti-migration force first decreased and then increased. Specifically, model S5 had the smallest contact area fraction but the largest mean contact force and maximum anti-migration force, reaching approximately 0.16 MPa and 10.73 N, respectively. The designed stent achieves a "drum-shaped" change after expansion and has good anti-migration performance.
Stents ; Prosthesis Design ; Heart Valve Prosthesis ; Humans ; Aortic Valve/surgery* ; Stress, Mechanical ; Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement/instrumentation*

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the changes in blood levels of calcium and bone metabolism biochemical markers in patients with primary osteoporosis receiving treatment with denosumab. METHODS: Seventy-three patients with primary osteoporosis treated in our Department between December, 2021 and December 2023 were enrolled. All the patients were treated with calcium supplements, vitamin D and calcitriol in addition to regular denosumab treatment every 6 months. Blood calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), osteocalcin (OC), type I procollagen amino-terminal propeptide (PINP), and type I collagen carboxy-terminal telopeptide β special sequence (β‑CTX) data before and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after the first treatment were collected from each patient. RESULTS: Three months after the first denosumab treatment, the bone turnover markers (BTMs) OC, PINP, and β-CTX were significantly decreased compared to their baseline levels by 39.5% (P<0.001), 56.2% (P<0.001), and 81.8% (P<0.001), respectively. At 6, 9, and 12 months of treatment, OC, PINP, and β-CTX remained significantly lower than their baseline levels (P<0.001). Blood calcium level was decreased (P<0.05) and PTH level increased (P<0.05) significantly in these patients at months of denosumab treatment, but their levels were comparable to the baseline levels at 6, 9, and 12 months of the treatment (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Denosumab can suppress BTMs and has a good therapeutic effect in patients with primary osteoporosis, but reduction of blood calcium and elevation of PTH levels can occur during the first 3 months in spite of calcium supplementation. Blood calcium and PTH levels can recover the baseline levels as the treatment extended, suggesting the importance of monitoring blood calcium and PTH levels during denosumab treatment.
Humans ; Denosumab/therapeutic use* ; Calcium/blood* ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood* ; Biomarkers/blood* ; Osteoporosis/blood* ; Osteocalcin/blood* ; Procollagen/blood* ; Female ; Collagen Type I/blood* ; Peptide Fragments/blood* ; Bone Density Conservation Agents/therapeutic use* ; Bone and Bones/metabolism* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Vitamin D ; Peptides/blood* ; Aged

Obesity and related metabolic syndromes have been recognized as important disease risks,in which the role of adipokines cannot be ignored.Adiponectin(ADP)is one of the key adipokines with various beneficial effects,including improving glucose and lipid metabolism,enhancing insulin sensitivity,reducing oxidative stress and inflammation,promoting ceramides degradation,and stimulating adipose tissue vascularity.Based on those,it can serve as a positive regulator in many metabolic syndromes,such as type 2 diabetes(T2D),cardiovascular diseases,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),sarcopenia,neurodegenerative diseases,and certain cancers.Therefore,a promising therapeutic approach for treating various metabolic diseases may involve elevating ADP levels or activating ADP receptors.The modulation of ADP genes,multimerization,and secretion covers the main processes of ADP generation,providing a comprehensive orientation for the development of more appropriate therapeutic strategies.In order to have a deeper understanding of ADP,this paper will provide an all-encompassing review of ADP.

This article reviews the concepts of specialist nurses and the current status of qualification certification for pediatric specialist nurses both domestically and internationally, and reflects on and looks forward to the certification system for pediatric specialist nurses in China, aiming to provide reference for the cultivation of pediatric specialist nurses.

Objective:To investigate the effects of different surgical approaches on the efficacy and safety of patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma(PCNSL).Methods:The clinical data of 130 PCNSL patients admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Tecnology of China between July 2012 and May 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.Patients were assigned into resection and biopsy groups according to the surgical approach.The safety and efficacy of the two groups were compared,including the objective re-sponse rate(ORR),overall survival(OS),and progression-free survival(PFS)after chemotherapy.Results:ORR and 2-year OS and PFS rates of the resection group were not significantly different from those of the biopsy group(ORR:63.2%vs.62.8%;2-year OS rate:68.6%vs.73.7%;2-year PFS rate:35.2%vs.40.7%,all P>0.05).The incidence of postoperative complications was significantly higher in the resection group than in the biopsy group(29.3%vs.11.4%,P=0.04).The difference in the length of hospitalization between the two groups was not statistic-ally significant.Treatment of the biopsy group was less expensive(P<0.01).Conclusions:In patients with PCNSL,biopsy and resection had comparable efficacy;however,the safety profile was better,and hospitalization was less costly in biopsy than in resection.

Interpreting genes of interest is essential for identifying molecular mechanisms, but acquiring such information typically involves tedious manual retrieval. To streamline this process, the fanyi package offers tools to retrieve gene information from sources like National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), significantly enhancing accessibility. Additionally, understanding the latest research advancements and sharing achievements are crucial for junior researchers. However, language barriers often restrict knowledge absorption and career development. To address these challenges, we developed the fanyi package, which leverages artificial intelligence (AI)-driven online translation services to accurately translate among multiple languages. This dual functionality allows researchers to quickly capture and comprehend information, promotes a multilingual environment, and fosters innovation in academic community. Meanwhile, the translation functions are versatile and applicable beyond biomedicine research to other domains as well. The fanyi package is freely available at https://github.com/YuLab-SMU/fanyi.