Immune dysfunction plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and progression of severe viral pneumonia.Both hyperactivated immune responses and immunosuppressive states may adversely affect clinical outcomes.Glucocorticoids,widely utilized as immunomodulatory agents,hold significant therapeutic value in managing this condition.Elucidating the intricate mechanisms underlying immune dysregulation in these patients,accurately assessing individualized immune profiles,and optimizing glucocorticoid regimens alongside other immunomodulatory interventions are critical to improving clini-cal success rates.This review synthesized current progress in research on immune disorders and glu-cocorticoid therapy in severe viral pneumonia,providing theoretical foundations for clinical practice to enhance patient prognosis.

Objective:To find the preferences of nursing staff when they provide " Internet + nursing service" for elderly patients.Methods:By means of the discrete choice experiment, a questionnaire was designed to investigate the preferences of nursing staff when they provide " Internet + nursing services" for elderly patients. In-service nursing staff from 8 medical and health institutions in Ningbo city and Wenzhou city were selected by random sampling, for an online questionnaire survey conducted from May to June 2022. The preferences of nursing staff on their service income, service content, service distance, service continuity and residence status of elderly patients when providing " Internet + nursing service" were analyzed by mixed logit regression.Results:A total of 420 valid questionnaires were collected. Compared to 50 yuan/order, nursing staff preferred to a price of 150 yuan/order ( β= 1.22, P<0.001) nursing services; Compared to specialized nursing services, nursing staff preferred to the routine care ( β= 0.86, P<0.001) and health promotion ( β= 0.86, P<0.05) service; Compared to<5 km, nursing staff were unwilling to provide nursing services for elderly patients at distances of 5-10 km and 11-15 km ( β=-0.66, P<0.05; β=-0.95, P<0.001) ; Compared to 1-2 visits per month, nursing staff preferred not to provide continuing care services ( β=-0.70, P<0.05); Compared to homestay with the patient family, nursing staff preferred to provide nursing services for elderly patients residing in nursing homes ( β= 1.21, P<0.001) . Conclusions:Considering the preference of nursing staff tend to provide " Internet + nursing service" for the elderly patients with services featuring appropriate price, non-specialist care, close distance, low continuity (moderate intensity used as the reference) and security assurance for practice.

Humans ; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/complications* ; Neuroglia ; Pruritus/pathology* ; Skin Neoplasms/complications* ; Spinal Cord/pathology* ; Sympathetic Nervous System

Objectives To explore the relationships between the current physical exercise behaviors and psychological factors of middle school students,so as to provide scientific evidence for improving health education and carrying out targeted health intervention measures.Methods The Multi-stage stratified sampling and cluster sampling method was adopted to choose 3600 students from 12 junior and senior middle schools in Hangzhou,Wuhan and Xi'an.The date was collected using the adolescent physical exercise behavior-psychological measurement scale(Chinese version).The structural equation model was built to explore the relationships between psychological factors(including the change of strategy,decision balance positive effect,decision balance negative effect and self-efficiency)and physical exercise.Results The change of strategy has biggest effect on physical exercise behaviors,with the standardized direct effect value of 0.344.The standardized direct effect value of decision balance negative effect,decision balance positive effect and self-efficiency were 0.071,0.093 and 0.169 respectively.The negative correlation among the four dimensions was significant statistically.Conclusion Psychological factors have direct effects on the change of the behaviors,and the change of the strategy has the largest impact on physical exercise behaviors of middle school students.The four psychological factors are closely correlated with one another,which is important in formulating middle school sports programs to promote the physical quality of middle school students.

Objective To compare the effects of health education on fat intake behavior and its psychology in students with different BMI,provide evidence for improving individual healthy education.Methods A experimental epidemiology was used,Twenty-nine secondary school classes were randomly selected by multi-stage cluster sampling from two cities in Zhejiang province.Overweight or obesity group included all students who were judged overweight or obesity,normal group included students who were judged normal and basic matched by age,grade,sex and stage of baseline.Intervention based on transtheoretical mode was conducted on two groups and intervention results were measured by the adolescent fat intake behavior of psychological measurement scales (Chinese version).Chi-square tests,T-tests,non-parameters tests and binary logistic regression were performed for data analyses.Results Stage of students with overweight or obesity and with normal BMI all moved forward after intervention,while the proportion of stage advance for students with overweight or obesity was further than students with normal BMI.Change strategy(2.60±0.79),pros(3.58±0.90) and self-efficacy(3.01±0.72) of students with overweight or obesity better than students with normal BMI in baseline((2.34±0.86),(3.08±0.91),(2.79±0.81)) while difference was not significant after intervention.Logistic regression analysis discovered that the promotion of change strategy moved stage forward for students with normal BMI(OR=2.168,95％ CI:1.560-3.014)and promotion of self-efficiency moved stage forward for students with overweight or obesity (OR=1.801,95％ CI:1.026-3.159).Conclusion The intensity and duration of psychological intervention is essential to be reinforced for students with normal BMI,while for students with overweight and obesity,psychological intervention should be promoted in combination with social support.

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), which responds with the diffusion of water molecules in spinal cord white matter, may be used to detect the integrity of the spinal cord fiber bundles and the pathological changes after injury. It is sensitive in acute and chronic spinal cord injury, such as cervical spondylotic myelopathy, multiple sclerosis, brain damage secondary spinal cord injury, spinal nerve root damage, and so on. In basic studies, DTI can reveal the microstructure and pathological changes of the injured spinal, and be correlated with behavioral assessment, which involved mice, monkeys, calves, cats, swines, dogs, and so on.

BACKGROUND:Mesenchymal stem cells are found to have the immunoregulatory activities and a potential application prospect in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the mechanism of transplanting mesenchymal stems cells on the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
METHODS:The mouse mesenchymal stems cells were prepared, and injected into the al ogenic and syngenic normal mice, to detect the frequency of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T cells in the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes by flow cytometry, and to detect the Foxp3, transforming growth factor-β1, and interleukin-10 mRNA in the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes by reverse transcription-PCR.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells on normal mice led to a significant up-regulation of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T cells, Foxp3, transforming growth factor-β1, and interleukin-10 mRNA in the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes both in the al ogenic and syngenic transplant groups. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells may be an available method in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T cell, Foxp3, transforming growth factor-β1, and interleukin-10 may be involved in this process.

BACKGROUND: T cells are believed to play an important role in anti-infection, anti-tumor and immune function. However, the mechanism underlying the differentiation and development remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the distribution of T cells in nude mice that are jointly transplanted human thymus and cord blood and the reconstruction of the immune function. METHODS: Thirty Balb/c nu/nu nude mice were randomly divided into two groups: an experimental group and a control group. In the experimental group, human thymus tissue was transplanted into the renal capsule of nude mice. Two weeks later, freshly isolated human cord blood CD34+ cells suspension was back perfused into the nude mice via the vein. In the control group, CD34+ cells transplantation was performed directly without thymus transplantation. After 60 days of breeding, the immune function of nude mice was detected in two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Human thymus tissue in the renal capsule of nude mice survived and expressed CD3 and HLA-DR molecule. In the experimental group, CD3+ cells which distributed in the form of dots were observed in the mouse spleen. The proportion of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+CD25+ cells were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. The nude mice from the experimental group rejected human gastric cancer BGC823 cells, while those from the control group did not. These findings demonstrated that combined human thymus and CD34+ cell transplantation allow nude mice to acquire T cell-mediated cellular immune function and possess the ability of anti-tumor.

BACKGROUND: Further studies are needed to understand the cytobiological character, functional regulation, gene changes and expression difference of CD34~+ and CD133~+ stem cells induced by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) using gene chip. OBJECTIVE: To compare the differences of gene expression and the response to bFGF of human umbilical cord CD34~+ and CD133~+ cells, and to explore gene expression changes of bFGF-induced umbilical cord CD34~+ and CD133~+ hematopotic stem cells/hemapoietic progenitor cells in vitro. METHODS: Human umbilical cord blood CD34~+ and CD133~+ cells were isolated and purified by MiniMACS immunomagnetic beads selection. The CD34~+ and CD133~+cells were cultured for 10 to 15 days in DMEM/F12 medium, supplemented with bFGF and B27. Total RNA from these cells was extracted and the genetic level of these cells was performed using Oligo GEArray(r) chip and GEArray software. Selected rate of CD34~+ and CD133~+ hematopoietic stem cells was detected using flow cytometry. CD34~+ and CD133~+ cell morphological changes were measured before and after bFGF induction. The concentration and purity of RNA were determined by agarose gel electrophoresis degeneration. Gene-chip test results were analyzed.