Osteosarcoma is a kind of primary malignant tumor of bone originated from mesenchymal tissue, which mainly occurs in children and adolescents, and presents the characteristics of high malignancy, rapid growth, early metastasis and poor prognosis. Currently, most of the studies at home and abroad mainly focused on therapeutic procedures. However, reliable prediction indices or evaluation systems are also pivotal for monitoring disease change, guiding treatment and evaluating prognosis. Multiple clinical predictors have been reported to be related to the prognosis of osteosarcoma, which can be roughly divided into 9 categories according to their characteristics. Each kind of predictor owns its inherent advantage and disadvantage, and full understanding of them and their characteristics can be helpful to improve the prognosis of osteosarcoma.

Osteosarcoma is a kind of primary malignant tumor of bone originated from mesenchymal tissue, which mainly occurs in children and adolescents, and presents the characteristics of high malignancy, rapid growth, early metastasis and poor prognosis. Currently, most of the studies at home and abroad mainly focused on therapeutic procedures. However, reliable prediction indices or evaluation systems are also pivotal for monitoring disease change, guiding treatment and evaluating prognosis. Multiple clinical predictors have been reported to be related to the prognosis of osteosarcoma, which can be roughly divided into 9 categories according to their characteristics. Each kind of predictor owns its inherent advantage and disadvantage, and full understanding of them and their characteristics can be helpful to improve the prognosis of osteosarcoma.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of adult rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) patients. Methods: The clinical data of 34 adult RMS patients were retrospectively analyzed. Based on their intervention and treatment, patients were divided into operation group (n=7), chemotherapy group (n=8) and operation plus chemotherapy group (n=19). The clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of the three groups were compared. Results: A statically significant difference was found in IRSG surgical-pathological stage among the three groups (P=0.026), while no significant difference existed in gender, age of disease onset, primary site, tumor size, pathological subtypes and IRSG risk group in the three groups (all P>0.05). In the operation group, three CR, one PR, one SD and two PD were achieved and one CR, one PR, one SD and five PD were obtained in the chemotherapy group. While in the chemotherapy plus operation group, four CR, twelve PR, one SD and two PD were achieved. A significant difference was found in response (P=0.043) and median overall survival (OS) (P=0.036) among the three groups, which were 44.7, 26.9 and 53.6 months, respectively. Conclusions Pleomorphic RMS was the main histological subtype for adult RMS patients, and the prognosis for adult RMS was usually poorer than that for pediatric RMS patients. Single therapeutic approach could not achieve satisfactory outcomes, while multimodal treatment consisted of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are helpful to improve the prognosis of adult patients with RMS.

Objective? To expLore the status quo of cLinicaL traditionaL Chinese medicine (TCM) nursing training between 2007 and 2017, and to provide a reference and guidance for further standardizing TCM nursing training and conducting reLevant research. Methods? The articLes reLated to TCM nursing training which were pubLished between 2007 and 2017 were retrieved from CNKI, CBM and VIP databases and anaLyzed using bibLiometric methods. ResuLts? TotaLLy 109 vaLid articLes were found, and the number of articLes pubLished over the past ten years tended to increase; the articLes were pubLished on 54 journaLs in which those incLuded in Chinese core journaLs of Peking University accounted for 1.8%; most of the first authors were from Guangdong, Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces; the research mainLy focused on the appLication of various training methods in TCM nursing training and the discussion of TCM nursing skiLLs; the degree of cooperative authorship was 2.7 persons, and the funding rate was 32.1%; junior and intermediate nurses accounted for 61.9% of the training subjects, and there were a few senior and speciaLized nurses, with community nurses accounting for onLy 3.7%;and the top 5 evaLuation indicators were theoreticaL performance, operationaL performance, nurse's satisfaction, patient's satisfaction and quaLity of nursing. ConcLusions? TCM nursing has become increasingLy important, but the quaLity of reLevant research is Low. There is no in-depth and extensive research in this regard, nor standardized study design and training modeL. Few studies have used mobiLe information pLatforms, and the evaLuation indicators are not objective or uniform.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and correlates of depression in residents aged 15 and older in Hainan province.Methods Stratified multistage random sampling methods were utilized to identify 12 117 individuals (≥15 years old) from 59 villages (neighborhoods) in 24 towns (streets) within 6 counties (cities) in Hainan Province from September 2010 to November 2011.The subjects were screened with an expanded version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and the respondents were divided into three groups by high risk,moderate risk and low risk of mental disorder,followed by formal diagnosis according to the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR (SCID-I/P) by psychiatrists among 100％ subjects in group with high risk,40％ subjects in group with moderate risk and 10％ subjects in group with low risk.The adjusted rate,standardized rate,and 95％ confidence interval (95％CI) of the one-month and lifetime prevalence were also calculated among the 3 groups of individuals who were diagnosed with depressive disorder.The difference in whether they suffered depression was determined by the chi-squared test.Correlations to depressive disorder and the odds ratio (OR) were explored with multiple regression analysis.Results There were 97 cases of depressive disorders (1-month) and 166 cases of lifetime depressive disorders finally confirmed.The adjusted rate of 1-month prevalence was 1.38％ (95％CI:1.12-1.59) and the life-time adjusted prevalence rate was 2.80％ (95％CI:2.51-3.09).Female (OR=1.55,95％CI:1.12-2.14),mid-age(50-64 y,OR=1.84,95％CI:1.13-2.99),being divorced or living separated (OR=4.87,95％CI:1.86-12.73),suffering chronic diseases (OR=2.19,95％CI:1.56-3.07),and low family income were significantly associated with suffering depressive disorder.Conclusions The prevalence of the depressive disorder among residents aged 15 and older in Hainan province is lower than the nationwide prevalence.People who are female,mid-age,being divorced or not living with the partner,earning a low income,and suffering chronic diseases have more predisposition to develop the depressive disorder in Hainan province.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and correlates of depression in residents aged 15 and older in Hainan province.Methods Stratified multistage random sampling methods were utilized to identify 12 117 individuals (≥15 years old) from 59 villages (neighborhoods) in 24 towns (streets) within 6 counties (cities) in Hainan Province from September 2010 to November 2011.The subjects were screened with an expanded version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and the respondents were divided into three groups by high risk,moderate risk and low risk of mental disorder,followed by formal diagnosis according to the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR (SCID-I/P) by psychiatrists among 100％ subjects in group with high risk,40％ subjects in group with moderate risk and 10％ subjects in group with low risk.The adjusted rate,standardized rate,and 95％ confidence interval (95％CI) of the one-month and lifetime prevalence were also calculated among the 3 groups of individuals who were diagnosed with depressive disorder.The difference in whether they suffered depression was determined by the chi-squared test.Correlations to depressive disorder and the odds ratio (OR) were explored with multiple regression analysis.Results There were 97 cases of depressive disorders (1-month) and 166 cases of lifetime depressive disorders finally confirmed.The adjusted rate of 1-month prevalence was 1.38％ (95％CI:1.12-1.59) and the life-time adjusted prevalence rate was 2.80％ (95％CI:2.51-3.09).Female (OR=1.55,95％CI:1.12-2.14),mid-age(50-64 y,OR=1.84,95％CI:1.13-2.99),being divorced or living separated (OR=4.87,95％CI:1.86-12.73),suffering chronic diseases (OR=2.19,95％CI:1.56-3.07),and low family income were significantly associated with suffering depressive disorder.Conclusions The prevalence of the depressive disorder among residents aged 15 and older in Hainan province is lower than the nationwide prevalence.People who are female,mid-age,being divorced or not living with the partner,earning a low income,and suffering chronic diseases have more predisposition to develop the depressive disorder in Hainan province.

Objective To investigate the metabolite changes in the preschool children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using MR spectroscopy (MRS) and explore the associations between image findings and clinical variables, which may provide a noninvasive brain biochemical method for the early diagnosis and prevention of autism. Methods Twenty one cases of preschool ASD children (3-6 years old) and age-and sex-matched 20 preschool healthy controls underwent single voxel short (SVS) short TE (TE=30 ms) MRS. The absolute metabolite concentrations in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) , anterior middle anterior cingulate cortex (aMCC) and posterior cingulate (PCC) were quantitatively analyzed using LCModel software. Two independent sample t tests were used for analysis. The relationships between metabolite concentrations and diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV) , childhood autism rating scale (CARS) and autism behavior checklist (ABC) were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Results Compared to control subjects, ASD patients had significantly lower N-acetylaspartate (NAA) values (4.35 ± 0.80, 6.34±0.82, 8.04±0.97 mmol/L respectively) in ACC, aMCC and PCC (t=2.640, P=0.012;t=2.182, P=0.035;t=3.343, P=0.002) , had significantly lower choline (Cho) 1.32±0.22 mmol/L (t=2.905, P=0.006) and glutamine and glutamate complex (Glx) 10.02 ± 0.88 mmol/L (t=2.090, P=0.043) in PCC. Cho, total creatine (tCr) , myo-Inositol (MI) and Glx levels did not differ between groups in other aforementioned regions (P>0.05). Negative correlations between the NAA ualues in the PCC and CARS (r=-0.504, P=0.020) were detected, and no significant correlation among DSM-IV, CARS, ABC and other metabolite values (P>0.05). Condnsions The biochemical changes in the preschool children with ASD in cingulate reflect the neuronal loss, structural or functional damage and cell membrane enzyme metabolic dysfunctions, may reveal the pathological basis of ASD. These results may provide noninvasive and quantitative methods for the diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of ASD child.

Objective To explore the abnormalities of amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) in the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) of first-episode medication-naive schizophrenia before and after antipsychotic drugs therapy,the correlation between brain activity and clinical syndromes was to be analyzed.Methods This prospective study was approved by the local ethical conmnittee,and written informed consent was obtained from all participants.21 antipsychotic-naive first-episode patients with schizophrenia and 25 healthy individuals were recruited and underwent resting-state functional MR imaging.The patients were re-scanned at the end of 3 months after the antipsychotic treatment.The differences of ALFF between patients and controls were analyzed with two-sample t test,the differences of ALFF in patients before and after antipsychotic drugs therapy were analyzed with two-sample t test.Results (1) The scores of Global Assessment of Functioning Scale,PANSS total score,PANSS positive score,PANSS negative score and PANSS general psychopathology score were significantly improved after antipsychotic drugs therapy (t=6.45,5.13,3.98,3.29,4.32;P＜0.01).(2) Compared with the healthy controls,resting-state ALFF in schizophrenia patients significantly decreased in left paracentral lobule(PCL),left superior occipital gyrus(SOG)/bilateral calcarine/cuneus,middle occipital gyrus(MOG),and right insula (uncorrected,t=-4.91,-4.30,-4.18,-3.59;P＜0.01,cluster voxels＞10),resting-state ALFF in schizophrenia patients significantly increased in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and right lentiform nucleus (uncorrected,t=3.60,3.44;P＜0.01,cluster voxels＞10).(3) After antipsychotic drugs therapy for 3 months,the ALFF values increased in bilateral cuneus and decreased in left ACC compared with baseline(uncorrected,t=3.91,-4.42;P＜0.01,cluster voxels＞10).(4) The ALFF values in the anterior cingulate cortex(ACC) at baseline were positively correlated with negative symptoms scores of PANSS (r=0.594,P=0.005).The ALFF values in the left MOG at baseline were negatively correlated with total scores of PANSS (r=-0.464,P=0.034).Conclusions This study provides evidence for resting state brain activity abnormalities of some brain regions in patients with schizophrenia.ACC and occipital gyrus are the key brain regions and may be responsible for certain schizophrenic symptoms,which could contribute to explore the neuropharmacology mechanisms of schizophrenia.

Objective To explore the abnormalities of amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) in the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) of first-episode medication-naive schizophrenia before and after antipsychotic drugs therapy,the correlation between brain activity and clinical syndromes was to be analyzed.Methods This prospective study was approved by the local ethical conmnittee,and written informed consent was obtained from all participants.21 antipsychotic-naive first-episode patients with schizophrenia and 25 healthy individuals were recruited and underwent resting-state functional MR imaging.The patients were re-scanned at the end of 3 months after the antipsychotic treatment.The differences of ALFF between patients and controls were analyzed with two-sample t test,the differences of ALFF in patients before and after antipsychotic drugs therapy were analyzed with two-sample t test.Results (1) The scores of Global Assessment of Functioning Scale,PANSS total score,PANSS positive score,PANSS negative score and PANSS general psychopathology score were significantly improved after antipsychotic drugs therapy (t=6.45,5.13,3.98,3.29,4.32;P＜0.01).(2) Compared with the healthy controls,resting-state ALFF in schizophrenia patients significantly decreased in left paracentral lobule(PCL),left superior occipital gyrus(SOG)/bilateral calcarine/cuneus,middle occipital gyrus(MOG),and right insula (uncorrected,t=-4.91,-4.30,-4.18,-3.59;P＜0.01,cluster voxels＞10),resting-state ALFF in schizophrenia patients significantly increased in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and right lentiform nucleus (uncorrected,t=3.60,3.44;P＜0.01,cluster voxels＞10).(3) After antipsychotic drugs therapy for 3 months,the ALFF values increased in bilateral cuneus and decreased in left ACC compared with baseline(uncorrected,t=3.91,-4.42;P＜0.01,cluster voxels＞10).(4) The ALFF values in the anterior cingulate cortex(ACC) at baseline were positively correlated with negative symptoms scores of PANSS (r=0.594,P=0.005).The ALFF values in the left MOG at baseline were negatively correlated with total scores of PANSS (r=-0.464,P=0.034).Conclusions This study provides evidence for resting state brain activity abnormalities of some brain regions in patients with schizophrenia.ACC and occipital gyrus are the key brain regions and may be responsible for certain schizophrenic symptoms,which could contribute to explore the neuropharmacology mechanisms of schizophrenia.

Objective To investigate the health-related quality of life(HRQOL)of the recovered patients with depression and its influential factors.Methods From March 2008 to April 2009,150 depressive patients andergoing the following up treatment were recruited,and finally 124 patients rocovered,and quality of life for patients recovered were compared to published norms for the general Chinese people.The general demography material seale.Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD),Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA),personality traits(Eysenck personality Inventory-EQP)the short form 36 item(SF-36)questionnaire and social support scale(SSS)were applied to an subjects.The SPSS 13.0 software for data processing,the group t test and the multiple linear regression analysis was adopted.Results ①The average score of seven domains of quality of life(RP,BP,GH,VT,SF,RE,MH )for the recovered patients were better than that of the pre-treatment patients(P<0.01),except the PF(89.23±14.09,87.23±16.81,t=1.044,P>0.05).But the average score of seven domains of quality of life for the re-covered patients were worse than that of the healthy people(P<0.01),except the PF(89.23±14.09,89.01±15.73,t=1.266,P>0.05).②The quality of life 0f the recovered patients remarkably related with the anxiety level, neuroticism, extraversion, recurrent depression,economic condition and social support(P<0. 01) . Conclusion The recovered depressive patient s health-related quality of life were improved significantly afer treatment, what were influenced by neuroticism,extraversion,anxiety as a trait,recurrent depression,economic condition and social support.Above mentioned factors should be taken into account when rehabilitation.